Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasms (Trophoblastic Neoplasms, Gestational)

A group of interrelated trophoblastic diseases arising from pregnancy. They are commonly associated with hyperplasia of trophoblasts (TROPHOBLAST) and markedly elevated human CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN. They include HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, invasive mole (HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, INVASIVE), placental-site trophoblastic tumor (TROPHOBLASTIC TUMOR, PLACENTAL SITE), and CHORIOCARCINOMA. These neoplasms have varying propensities for invasion and spread.

Also Known As:

Networked: 50 relevant articles (5 outcomes, 3 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
2.	Choriocarcinoma
3.	Placental Site Trophoblastic Tumor
4.	Neoplasm Metastasis (Metastasis)
5.	Colorectal Neoplasms (Colorectal Cancer)

Experts

1.	Xiang, Yang: 3 articles (01/2014 - 10/2008)
2.	Cole, Laurence A: 2 articles (08/2006 - 07/2004)
3.	Gilani, Mitra Modarres: 1 article (05/2015)
4.	Zamani, Ashraf: 1 article (05/2015)
5.	Zendehdel, Kazem: 1 article (05/2015)
6.	Mousavi, Azam Sadat: 1 article (05/2015)
7.	Khorasanizadeh, Faezeh: 1 article (05/2015)
8.	Chen, Xiaoduan: 1 article (01/2015)
9.	Zhang, Xiaofei: 1 article (01/2015)
10.	Wu, Yilin: 1 article (01/2015)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasms:

1.	Methotrexate (Mexate)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2008 - "Pulmonary toxicity of methotrexate in patients with a gestational trophoblastic neoplasm (GTN) has rarely been reported before. " 01/01/1984 - "The role of methotrexate in the chemotherapy of gestational trophoblastic neoplasms." 01/01/2008 - "Two rare cases of methotrexate-induced pneumonitis and pleurisy in patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasms." 11/01/1989 - "[Treatment of gestational trophoblastic neoplasms with methotrexate and citrovorum factor rescue: analysis of 43 cases]." 12/01/1979 - "Methotrexate with citrovorum factor rescue for nonmetastatic gestational trophoblastic neoplasms."
2.	Leucovorin (Folinic Acid)FDA Link 11/01/1989 - "[Treatment of gestational trophoblastic neoplasms with methotrexate and citrovorum factor rescue: analysis of 43 cases]." 12/01/1979 - "Methotrexate with citrovorum factor rescue for nonmetastatic gestational trophoblastic neoplasms." 01/01/1978 - "Thirty-five patients with nometastatic gestational trophoblastic neoplasms and 3 patients with metastatic gestational trophoblastic neoplasms were treated primarily with methotrexate and citrovorum factor rescue. " 01/01/1978 - "Methotrexate with citrovorum factor rescue for gestational trophoblastic neoplasms." 09/01/1976 - "Fifteen patients with nonmetastatic gestational trophoblastic neoplasms were treated primarily with methotrexate and citrovorum factor. "
3.	Chorionic Gonadotropin (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1998 - "Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is normally produced and secreted by trophoblastic cells during pregnancy and from gestational trophoblastic neoplasms. " 07/01/1987 - "[The kinetics of chorionic gonadotropin and its subunits in normal pregnancy and gestational trophoblastic neoplasms]." 01/01/1973 - "Radioimmunoassay of the beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin, monitor of chemotherapy in gestational trophoblastic neoplasm." 09/01/2014 - "A rare association of Klippel Trenaunay syndrome and gestational trophoblastic neoplasm with the possible role of either hyperglycosylated Human Chorionic Gonadotropin or chemotherapy as a link is highlighted." 10/01/2014 - "Persistent secretion of β-human chorionic gonadotropin (βHCG) in the absence of an ongoing or recent pregnancy and without persistent uterine gestational disease is a rare but challenging situation that requires locating the extrauterine secreting tumor and distinguishing between extragestational choriocarcinoma and gestational trophoblastic neoplasms. "
4.	Fluorouracil (Carac)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/1984 - "Reevaluation of 5-fluorouracil as a single therapeutic agent for gestational trophoblastic neoplasms." 09/01/1984 - "Large dosage of 5-fluorouracil given by slow intravenous infusion has proved to be very effective in the treatment of gestational trophoblastic neoplasms. " 01/01/2015 - "Although 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) combination chemotherapy provides a satisfactory therapeutic response in patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasms (GTNs), it has severe side effects. " 06/01/1995 - "Gestational trophoblastic neoplasm treated by large dosage of 5-fluorouracil and actinomycin could cause cardiotoxicity. " 01/01/2015 - "Tegafur Substitution for 5-Fu in Combination with Actinomycin D to Treat Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasm."
5.	alpha Subunit Glycoprotein HormonesIBA 11/01/1980 - "All patients who were treated with chemotherapy for malignant gestational trophoblastic neoplasms at the Southeastern Regional Trophoblastic Disease Center and who experienced remission during the period January 1, 1978, through December 31, 1979, were studied in an attempt to determine if the application of an assay for the alpha subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG-alpha) could predict those patients who would have recurrences. "
6.	Dactinomycin (Ac-De)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/1995 - "Gestational trophoblastic neoplasm treated by large dosage of 5-fluorouracil and actinomycin could cause cardiotoxicity. " 02/01/1980 - "The comparative systemic toxicity of methotrexate (MTX) with citrovorum factor rescue (CF), MTX alone and actinomycin-D (Act-D) in the treatment of gestational trophoblastic neoplasms (GTN) was evaluated in the present study. " 01/01/2015 - "Tegafur Substitution for 5-Fu in Combination with Actinomycin D to Treat Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasm." 01/01/2014 - "A retrospective analysis was performed on 39 patients of CSP with sonographic mass undergoing treatment in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2005 to 2012.14 cases with misdiagnosis of gestational trophoblastic neoplasm, among 4 cases were administered by chemotherapy with methotrexate (MTX) , cisplatin, fluorouracil (5-FU) and dactinomycin. "
7.	LeptinIBA 09/01/1997 - "The present study provides evidence for leptin as a novel placenta-derived hormone in humans and suggests the physiologic and pathophysiologic significance of leptin in normal pregnancy and gestational trophoblastic neoplasms."
8.	HormonesIBA 09/01/1997 - "The present study provides evidence for leptin as a novel placenta-derived hormone in humans and suggests the physiologic and pathophysiologic significance of leptin in normal pregnancy and gestational trophoblastic neoplasms."
9.	AntigensIBA 10/15/1971 - "HL-A leukocyte antigen studies in women with gestational trophoblastic neoplasms."
10.	Gestational trophoblastic diseaseIBA 08/01/2006 - "Placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT) commonly presents with low and variable concentration of hCG immunoreactivity in serum which can be difficult to differentiate from early stage choriocarcinoma/gestational trophoblastic neoplasm (GTN) or quiescent gestational trophoblastic disease (quiescent GTD). " 01/01/2008 - "Placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT) is a rare neoplasm that rises from intermediate trophoblasts and commonly presents with low and variable concentration of HCG immunoactivity in serum, which can be difficult to differentiate from early stage choriocarcinoma/gestational trophoblastic neoplasm (GTN) or quiescent gestational trophoblastic disease. " 07/01/2004 - "While ITA and regular hCG predominate in pregnancy samples, any one of these multiple hCG-related molecules may be the principal source of immunoreactivity in gestational trophoblastic disease, gestational trophoblastic neoplasm, choriocarcinoma and placental site tumor cases as well as in testicular cancer and germ cell tumor. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 10/01/2008 - "To evaluate the efficacy of surgical management combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of drug-resistant gestational trophoblastic neoplasm (GTN) patients, and investigate factors influencing the outcome of the surgery combined with chemotherapy. " 10/01/2008 - "[Efficacy of surgical management combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of drug-resistant gestational trophoblastic neoplasm]." 05/01/2008 - "Early recognition of gestational trophoblastic neoplasms (GTN) will maximize the chances of cure with chemotherapy but some patients present with many different symptoms months or even years after the causative pregnancy making diagnosis difficult. " 05/01/2015 - "Resistance to single-agent chemotherapy and its risk factors in low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasms." 01/01/2014 - "The sonography showed cystic-solid or solid mass with mixed echoes in the lower segment of anterior uterine wall, surrounded by peritrophoblastic vasculature.(2) Treatment outcome:diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic neoplasm was suspected or made in 20 patients, four of whom were even treated by chemotherapy. "
2.	Intravenous Infusions 09/01/1984 - "Large dosage of 5-fluorouracil given by slow intravenous infusion has proved to be very effective in the treatment of gestational trophoblastic neoplasms. "
3.	Lymph Node Excision (Lymph Node Dissection) 01/01/2015 - "Total hysterectomy with lymph node dissection is recommended treatment for mixed gestational trophoblastic neoplasms, and chemotherapy should be used in patients with metastatic disease and with nonmetastatic disease who have adverse prognostic factors. "
4.	Immunotherapy 01/01/1977 - "The epidemiology, endocrinology, histopathologic grading, classification, diagnosis, treatment, management and follow-up (including chemotherapy, irradiation, and immunotherapy) of gestational trophoblastic neoplasms - particularly molar pregnancies - are discussed; and ways to help create a standardized classification system and provide optimal treatment for each type of patient are suggested."
5.	Hysterectomy 01/01/2015 - "Total hysterectomy with lymph node dissection is recommended treatment for mixed gestational trophoblastic neoplasms, and chemotherapy should be used in patients with metastatic disease and with nonmetastatic disease who have adverse prognostic factors. "