Glycogen Phosphorylase (Phosphorylase, Glycogen)

An enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of GLYCOGEN in animals by releasing glucose-1-phosphate from the terminal alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond. This enzyme exists in two forms: an active phosphorylated form ( PHOSPHORYLASE A) and an inactive un-phosphorylated form (PHOSPHORYLASE B). Both a and b forms of phosphorylase exist as homodimers. In mammals, the major isozymes of glycogen phosphorylase are found in muscle, liver and brain tissue.

Also Known As:

Networked: 275 relevant articles (5 outcomes, 28 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Lucia, Alejandro: 9 articles (07/2015 - 01/2008)
2.	Andreu, Antoni L: 8 articles (07/2015 - 09/2003)
3.	Martín, Miguel A: 7 articles (07/2015 - 09/2003)
4.	Nogales-Gadea, Gisela: 6 articles (07/2015 - 02/2008)
5.	Arenas, Joaquin: 6 articles (07/2015 - 02/2008)
6.	Brull, Astrid: 4 articles (07/2015 - 03/2015)
7.	Pinós, Tomàs: 4 articles (07/2015 - 03/2015)
8.	Rubio, Juan C: 4 articles (01/2012 - 09/2003)
9.	Cherrington, Alan D: 4 articles (06/2010 - 11/2003)
10.	Andreu, A L: 4 articles (01/2008 - 03/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Hyperglycemia 08/01/2005 - "Thus, this glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor may be useful in the treatment of postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes." 01/30/2015 - "Glycogen phosphorylase (GP) appears as a key enzyme for the control of hyperglycemia in the context of type 2 diabetes. " 11/15/2012 - "Glucosylated heterocycles have been identified as potent inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase (GP), a biomolecular target for the treatment of hyperglycemia and therefore type 2 diabetes. " 07/01/2005 - "Acyl ureas were discovered as a novel class of inhibitors for glycogen phosphorylase, a molecular target to control hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetics. " 04/01/2004 - "Effects of hyperglycemia on hepatic gluconeogenic flux during glycogen phosphorylase inhibition in the conscious dog."
2.	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (MODY) 03/01/2001 - "Cumulatively, this information has bolstered interest and promise in glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors (GPIs) as potential new hypoglycaemic agents for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus." 03/01/2001 - "Glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus." 06/01/1994 - "In addition, glycogen phosphorylase was activated by 56% during hypoglycemia in NIDDM only (P < 0.01). " 10/01/1995 - "To examine whether defects in glycogen metabolism are present at birth in an animal model of NIDDM, glycogen synthase (GS), glycogen phosphorylase (GP), and total glycogen content were measured in liver and quadriceps muscle of 1-day- and 20-week-old insulin-resistant New Zealand Obese (NZO) mice and control (NZC) mice. " 07/01/1997 - "Percutaneous biopsy of vatus lateralis muscle was obtained in eight lean (L) and eight obese (O) nondiabetic subjects and in eight obese NIDDM subjects and was assayed for marker enzymes of the glycolytic [phosphofructokinase, glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase, hexokinase (HK)] and oxidative pathways [citrate synthase (CS), cytochrome-c oxidase], as well as for a glycogenolytic enzyme (glycogen phosphorylase) and a marker of anaerobic ATP resynthesis (creatine kinase). "
3.	Unstable Angina 08/01/1994 - "The early release of glycogen phosphorylase BB may help to identify high risk patients with unstable angina even on admission to an emergency department. " 08/01/1994 - "To determine whether transient ST-T alterations in patients with unstable angina are associated with an increase in plasma glycogen phosphorylase BB concentrations on admission to hospital. " 08/01/1994 - "Early release of glycogen phosphorylase in patients with unstable angina and transient ST-T alterations." 07/01/1995 - "With a new immunoenzymometric assay we measured human glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB (GPBB) in 116 healthy individuals, 14 patients with stable angina, 107 nontraumatic chest pain patients on admission to the emergency department [45 acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 49 unstable angina, 13 other diseases], and in serial samples from 41 AMI patients. "
4.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma) 12/05/2014 - "Two biomarkers, glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT) and glycogen phosphorylase (PYGL), were found to indicate hepatic injuries significantly earlier than the current gold standard liver biomarker. "
5.	Hydatidiform Mole (Molar Pregnancy) 08/01/1977 - "A possible cause of this phenomenon may be the marked decrease in the glycogen phosphorylase enzyme level in hydatidiform mole tissue, which was about one-third that of the normal placental tissue." 08/01/1977 - "Glycogen content, glycogen synthetase, and glycogen phosphorylase were studied in placental tissue of normal pregnancy and in vesicles of hydatidiform mole. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Biological Markers (Surrogate Marker)
2.	Glycine N-Methyltransferase (Glycine Sarcosine N-Methyltransferase)
3.	Glycogen
4.	Glucose (Dextrose)
5.	Isoenzymes
6.	Glycogen Synthase (Synthase I)
7.	Enzymes
8.	Glucose-6-Phosphatase (Glucose 6 Phosphatase)
9.	Insulin (Novolin)
10.	Carrier Proteins (Binding Protein)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Intraperitoneal Injections
2.	Hepatectomy
3.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
4.	Knee Replacement Arthroplasty (Total Knee Replacement)
5.	Cell Transplantation