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alpha-Tocopherol

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A natural tocopherol and one of the most potent antioxidant tocopherols. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. It has four methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus. The natural d form of alpha-tocopherol is more active than its synthetic dl-alpha-tocopherol racemic mixture.

Also Known As:

3,4-Dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol; alpha-Tocopherol Acetate; alpha-Tocopherol Hemisuccinate; alpha-Tocopherol Succinate; alpha-Tocopheryl Calcium Succinate; Calcium Succinate, alpha-Tocopheryl; alpha Tocopherol; alpha Tocopherol Acetate; alpha Tocopherol Hemisuccinate; alpha Tocopherol Succinate; alpha Tocopheryl Calcium Succinate

Networked: 2329 relevant articles (156 outcomes, 568 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Heterocyclic Compounds: 60
- Pyrans: 5
  - Benzopyrans: 11
    - Vitamin E: 6481
      - Tocopherols: 485
        alpha-Tocopherol: 2329
        alpha-tocopherol phosphate: 12
        karinat: 4
        1-thio-alpha-tocopherol: 1
        alpha-tocopherol 5-n-butyl-2-pyridinecarboxylate: 1
        alpha-tocopheryl malonate: 1
        alpha-tocopheryl oxalate: 1
        RRR-alpha-tocopheryloxybutyl sulfonic acid: 1
        2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-6-chlorochroman
        8a-hydroperoxy-tocopherone
        alpha-di-tocopheryl phosphate
        alpha-tocopherol hexaethylene glycol succinate
        alpha-tocopherol quinol
        alpha-tocopherol succinyl dodecaethylene glycol
        ASO3B adjuvant
        deoxy-alpha-tocopherolquinol
        polyoxyethanyl-alpha-tocopheryl sebacate
- 2-Ring Heterocyclic Compounds
  - Benzopyrans: 11
    - Vitamin E: 6481
      - Tocopherols: 485
        alpha-Tocopherol: 2329
        alpha-tocopherol phosphate: 12
        karinat: 4
        1-thio-alpha-tocopherol: 1
        alpha-tocopherol 5-n-butyl-2-pyridinecarboxylate: 1
        alpha-tocopheryl malonate: 1
        alpha-tocopheryl oxalate: 1
        RRR-alpha-tocopheryloxybutyl sulfonic acid: 1
        2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-6-chlorochroman
        8a-hydroperoxy-tocopherone
        alpha-di-tocopheryl phosphate
        alpha-tocopherol hexaethylene glycol succinate
        alpha-tocopherol quinol
        alpha-tocopherol succinyl dodecaethylene glycol
        ASO3B adjuvant
        deoxy-alpha-tocopherolquinol
        polyoxyethanyl-alpha-tocopheryl sebacate

Experts

1.	Albanes, Demetrius: 126 articles (11/2015 - 01/2002)
2.	Virtamo, Jarmo: 117 articles (12/2014 - 01/2002)
3.	Weinstein, Stephanie J: 59 articles (11/2015 - 03/2005)
4.	Taylor, Philip R: 53 articles (12/2014 - 01/2002)
5.	Albanes, D: 32 articles (09/2013 - 01/2000)
6.	Virtamo, J: 32 articles (09/2013 - 01/2000)
7.	Pietinen, Pirjo: 29 articles (06/2007 - 04/2002)
8.	Stolzenberg-Solomon, Rachael Z: 24 articles (08/2015 - 05/2002)
9.	Männistö, Satu: 23 articles (08/2015 - 12/2003)
10.	Wright, Margaret E: 17 articles (12/2014 - 07/2004)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 04/01/2010 - "Studies on alpha-tocopherol in animal models also have not demonstrated robust cancer prevention effects. " 07/01/2006 - "In the ATBC Cancer Prevention Study Group, no statistically significant effect of treatment was seen for any cancer individually, and our pooled relative risk (regardless of tumor type) for alpha-tocopherol alone was 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74, 1.12). " 01/01/1996 - "We have performed a Phase II cancer prevention study to evaluate whether topically applied alpha-tocopherol acetate is absorbed in human skin and metabolizes to the free or other forms. " 04/01/2009 - "Increases in polyamine synthesis are expected during tumor initiation and promotion; conversely, the significant reductions in polyamine levels resulting from the topical DL-alpha-tocopherol application are consistent with reductions in tumorigenesis potential. " 10/01/2007 - "This association was not detected in patients with localized cancer and it is not attributable to altered levels of alpha-tocopherol."
2.	Ischemia 09/01/2006 - "Rabbit filtration renal function 1 hour after circulation recovery improved insignificantly, 24 hours after the recovery no difference with the control was registered, while secretory and reabsorption functions of the renal tubules under conditions of pretreatment with alpha-tocopherol significantly improved both in rabbits and rats both 1 hour and 24 hours after ischemia. " 01/01/1996 - "However, 4 weeks of dietary enrichment of rats with alpha-tocopherol (1000 IU/kg) was effective in suppressing these ischemia reperfusion-induced changes. " 01/01/1998 - "The aim of our study was to analyse the protective effects of different alpha-tocopherol analogues 1) against fibrillations induced by an ischemia-reperfusion sequence, and 2) to further investigate in vitro the radical scavenging properties of these analogues by two sensitive methods. " 12/01/2005 - "This study evaluated the effect of alpha-tocopherol (alpha-TC), ischemic preconditioning (IPC) or a combination on the extent of mitochondrial injury caused by hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). " 10/01/2001 - "In our study, the pretreatment with alpha-tocopherol reduced significantly the lipid peroxidation of renal cells and renal dysfunction induced by renal ischemia-reperfusion in rats."
3.	Reperfusion Injury 12/01/2005 - "Protective effects of alpha-tocopherol and ischemic preconditioning on hepatic reperfusion injury." 09/01/2013 - "Alpha-tocopherol ameliorates oxidative renal insult associated with spinal cord reperfusion injury." 01/01/2010 - "A potential protective effect of alpha-tocopherol on vascular complication in spinal cord reperfusion injury in rats." 01/01/2006 - "The protective effect of alpha-tocopherol and GdCl3 against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury." 09/01/2005 - "To evaluate the protective action of alpha-tocopherol in ischemia/reperfusion injuries of pelvic member of rats. "
4.	Alzheimer Disease (Alzheimer's Disease) 05/01/2010 - "This might account for the null effects of alpha tocopherol supplementation in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease." 08/21/1997 - "Alpha-tocopherol and Alzheimer's disease." 08/21/1997 - "Alpha-tocopherol and Alzheimer's disease." 10/01/2007 - "Alpha-tocopherol, a potent antioxidant, has been widely investigated as a dietary supplement with which to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis, and has recently been considered as a potential supplement to moderate oxidative neuronal damage in Alzheimer's disease patients. " 04/24/1997 - "A controlled trial of selegiline, alpha-tocopherol, or both as treatment for Alzheimer's disease. "
5.	Atherosclerosis 03/01/2003 - "They therefore allow the assumption that alpha-tocopherol is probably effective in preventing atherosclerosis, although no proven direct relation to the outcome of the disease itself exists." 04/01/1992 - "These results, if confirmed, indicate that d-alpha-tocopherol may be prophylactically and therapeutically effective in atherosclerosis." 04/01/1993 - "It has been suggested that alpha-tocopherol, a safe and effective antioxidant, be used in clinical trials to evaluate the ability of antioxidant therapy to inhibit atherosclerosis. " 05/09/2008 - "Based on the oxidation hypothesis high doses of alpha-tocopherol have been advocated to prevent atherosclerosis, but clinical trials failed to demonstrate a benefit. " 08/07/2000 - "In order to understand the protective role of alpha-tocopherol against atherosclerosis in vivo the following rabbit studies were carried out. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Vitamin E
2.	Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)
3.	beta Carotene (Betacarotene)
4.	Vitamin A (Retinol)
5.	Selenium
6.	gamma-Tocopherol
7.	Antioxidants
8.	Glutathione (Reduced Glutathione)
9.	Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances
10.	Tretinoin (Retinoic Acid)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Oral Administration
2.	Chemoprevention
3.	Ligation
4.	Adrenalectomy
5.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)