Vitamin K 2 (Vitamin K2)

A group of substances similar to VITAMIN K 1 which contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinione and an isoprenoid side chain of varying number of isoprene units. In vitamin K 2, each isoprene unit contains a double bond. They are produced by bacteria including the normal intestinal flora.

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Networked: 263 relevant articles (29 outcomes, 40 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Iwamoto, Jun: 19 articles (03/2013 - 07/2002)
2.	Takeda, Tsuyoshi: 15 articles (09/2012 - 01/2003)
3.	Sato, Yoshihiro: 13 articles (03/2013 - 01/2004)
4.	Miyazawa, Keisuke: 9 articles (09/2010 - 09/2003)
5.	Mizuta, Toshihiko: 8 articles (01/2015 - 02/2006)
6.	Ohyashiki, Kazuma: 8 articles (09/2010 - 09/2003)
7.	Ozaki, Iwata: 7 articles (01/2015 - 02/2006)
8.	Shiraki, Masataka: 7 articles (05/2014 - 03/2002)
9.	Matsumoto, Hideo: 7 articles (09/2012 - 01/2009)
10.	Nishiguchi, Shuhei: 6 articles (11/2009 - 04/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Osteoporosis 03/01/2015 - "Subgroup analysis of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis revealed a significant improvement of vertebral BMD for both medium-term and long-term results favoring vitamin K2 group (p < 0.00001 and p = 0.0005). " 01/01/2001 - "In conclusion, vitamin K(2) is thought to be beneficial for the properties of bone microarchitecture in the condition of osteoporosis." 03/01/2015 - "Vitamin K2 has been revealed to be effective in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in Japan, which was not confirmed in western countries. " 04/30/2006 - "Vitamin K2 is widely used for the treatment of osteoporosis in Japan. " 04/01/2004 - "Vitamin K2 treatment is effective for the prevention of fractures, but not for the increase of bone mineral density in osteoporosis. "
2.	Bone Resorption 01/01/2004 - "There is some evidence indicating that vitamin K2 prevents bone resorption in ovariectomized rats, retards the increase in bone turnover in orchidectomized rats, ameliorates the increase in bone resorption and decrease in bone formation in sciatic neurectomized rats, and prevents the decrease in bone formation in glucocorticoid-treated rats. " 04/01/2003 - "The present study provides evidence indicating that vitamin K2 has the potential to suppress bone resorption or bone turnover and/or stimulate bone formation in vivo in ORX and/or NX rats." 08/01/1999 - "Mechanism in inhibitory effects of vitamin K2 on osteoclastic bone resorption: in vivo study in osteopetrotic (op/op) mice." 01/01/2011 - "Several bone protective factors are reported to exhibit stimulatory activities on bone formation coupled with inhibitory effects on bone resorption; one such factor is vitamin K2. " 03/01/2010 - "These results suggested that vitamin K(2) downregulated bone turnover and stimulated lamellar bone formation in GC-untreated rats and prevented an increase in bone resorption while maintaining bone formation and prevented a decrease in lamellar bone formation in GC-treated rats. "
3.	Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Hepatoma) 01/01/2013 - "To evaluate the chemopreventive efficacy of vitamin K2 (VK2) analog in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative hepatic resection or local ablation, since a recent randomized control trial (RCT) and systematic review have given contradictory results. " 01/01/2012 - "Role of vitamin K2 in preventing the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after curative treatment: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials." 01/01/2009 - "Several clinical trials revealed that vitamin K2 reduced de novo formation and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). " 11/01/2015 - "[Hepatocellular carcinoma and vitamin K2]." 01/01/2015 - "Carboxylic Derivatives of Vitamin K2 Inhibit Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Growth through Caspase/Transglutaminase-Related Signaling Pathways."
4.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 01/01/2009 - "Hence, we aimed to examine the efficacy of vitamin K(2) on the production of DCP as well as tumor cell growth and invasion. " 01/01/2013 - "In recent years, several studies have shown that vitamin k2 (VK2) has anticancer activity in a variety of cancer cells. " 09/01/2015 - "However, nothing is known about the direct metabolic impacts of menaquinone in cancer, which could provide insights into its mechanism of action. " 12/01/2010 - "Dietary intake of menaquinones and risk of cancer incidence and mortality." 09/01/2010 - "Vitamin K(2) (VK(2)) can exert cell growth inhibitory effects in various human cancer cells. "
5.	Hip Fractures (Intertrochanteric Fractures) 06/26/2006 - "Pooling the 7 trials with fracture data in a meta-analysis, we found an odds ratio (OR) favoring menaquinone of 0.40 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.25-0.65) for vertebral fractures, an OR of 0.23 (95% CI, 0.12-0.47) for hip fractures, and an OR of 0.19 (95% CI, 0.11-0.35) for all nonvertebral fractures. " 01/01/2009 - "The purpose of the present study was to clarify the efficacy of menatetrenone (vitamin K(2)) against non-vertebral and hip fractures in patients with neurological diseases. " 01/01/2009 - "Efficacy of menatetrenone (vitamin K2) against non-vertebral and hip fractures in patients with neurological diseases: meta-analysis of three randomized, controlled trials." 01/01/2006 - "On the other hand, the results of a preclinical study do suggest the possible efficacy of combined treatment with vitamin K2 and raloxifene in the prevention of vertebral and hip fractures in postmenopausal women, although no clinical studies have reported on the effects of combined treatment with vitamin K2 and raloxifene in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. " 01/01/2006 - "Based on the weight of the currently available evidence, it is recommended that alendronate and risedronate, rather than vitamin K2, should be chosen initially for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, because these agents have been shown to be the most efficacious for reducing the incidence of both vertebral and hip fractures among the current range of commercially available agents. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	menatetrenone
2.	Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3)
3.	Raloxifene (Evista)
4.	Vitamin K 1 (Phylloquinone)
5.	Etidronic Acid (HEDP)
6.	Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme)
7.	Calcium
8.	Diphosphonates
9.	Vitamin D
10.	Phytoestrogens (Phytoestrogen)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Root Planing
2.	Renal Dialysis (Hemodialysis)
3.	Oral Administration
4.	Carotid Endarterectomy
5.	Heterologous Transplantation (Xenotransplantation)