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Flank Pain

Pain emanating from below the RIBS and above the ILIUM.

Also Known As:

Left Flank Pain; Right Flank Pain; Flank Pain, Left; Flank Pain, Right; Flank Pains; Flank Pains, Left; Flank Pains, Right; Left Flank Pains; Pain, Flank; Pain, Left Flank; Pain, Right Flank; Pains, Flank; Pains, Left Flank; Pains, Right Flank; Right Flank Pains

Networked: 306 relevant articles (15 outcomes, 11 trials/studies)

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Disease Context: Research Results

Signs and Symptoms Pathological Conditions
- Signs and Symptoms
  - Pain: 115883
    - Flank Pain: 306

Related Diseases

1.	Hematuria
2.	Hydronephrosis
3.	Pain (Aches)
4.	Cysts
5.	Acute Kidney Injury (Acute Renal Failure)

Experts

1.	Chew, Ben H: 3 articles (01/2016 - 06/2010)
2.	Denstedt, John D: 3 articles (09/2012 - 03/2010)
3.	Preminger, Glenn M: 3 articles (03/2010 - 03/2008)
4.	Gerber, Glenn S: 3 articles (09/2004 - 06/2002)
5.	Casale, Pasquale: 2 articles (08/2015 - 11/2004)
6.	Zhang, Yuanyuan: 2 articles (01/2013 - 01/2012)
7.	Mendez-Probst, Carlos E: 2 articles (09/2012 - 03/2010)
8.	Wolf, J Stuart: 2 articles (01/2011 - 04/2006)
9.	Faerber, Gary J: 2 articles (01/2011 - 04/2006)
10.	Chen, Shyh-Chyan: 2 articles (11/2010 - 07/2008)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Flank Pain:

1.	CreatinineIBA 02/01/2011 - "Both patients had flank pain, elevated creatinine, and signs of complete obstruction on CT scan. " 10/15/2006 - "An 18-year-old patient with a 4-year history of NSAID compound analgesic intake presented to the urology department with right-sided flank pain and increased serum creatinine. " 11/01/2004 - "He presented with bilateral flank pain and a high serum creatinine level (156 mmol/L). " 01/01/1998 - "A 57-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital for left flank pain and a slight increase in serum creatinine. " 02/01/1994 - "The most common presenting symptom was flank pain in 7 patients (54%) and the most common presenting sign was creatinine elevation above baseline in 7 (54%). "
2.	Alanine Transaminase (SGPT)IBA 08/01/2006 - "The early diagnosis group (12/22) had more obvious flank pain, nausea/vomiting (P < 0.001) and higher alanine transaminase (P = 0.02). " 05/01/1984 - "A previously healthy 44-year-old man with well-documented normotension had a sudden onset of left flank pain and delayed onset of constitutional symptoms, hematuria, and elevations of lactic dehydrogenase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and creatinine levels. "
3.	Terazosin (Hytrin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2011 - "Nearly all the patients in the placebo group reported flank pain during urination but this was only reported in 54.5% of the patients in the terazosin group (p < 0.001). " 01/01/2011 - "We evaluated the effect of terazosin in the improvement of lower urinary tract symptoms and flank pain in patients with internal ureteral stents. " 01/01/2011 - "Administration of terazosin for patients with an internal ureteral stent relieved some stent-related symptoms such as flank pain, pain during voiding, frequency, nocturia and urgency, but had no effect on hematuria." 11/01/2013 - "However, compared with placebo, terazosin monotherapy did not affect pain levels, and tolterodine monotherapy did not improve QoL, flank pain or analgesics use. " 11/01/2013 - "The patients receiving terazosin plus tolterodine experienced significant reductions in the total IPSS, irritative symptoms, QoL, flank pain, voiding pain and decreased analgesics use compared with those patients receiving placebo. "
4.	Biological Markers (Surrogate Marker)IBA 08/01/2014 - "Classically presenting with flank pain, hematuria, and laboratory markers consistent with acute kidney injury, therapeutic anticoagulation is the mainstay of treatment. "
5.	Biological Tumor Markers (Tumor Markers)IBA 05/01/2015 - "Although CT guided needle aspiration of the cyst successfully relieved severe left flank pain, the cyst again increased in size, causing left hydronephrosis, though examinations for fluid tumor markers and cytology were negative. "
6.	OxidoreductasesIBA 05/01/1984 - "A previously healthy 44-year-old man with well-documented normotension had a sudden onset of left flank pain and delayed onset of constitutional symptoms, hematuria, and elevations of lactic dehydrogenase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and creatinine levels. "
7.	Dipyridamole (Persantine)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1974 - "Flank pain and hematuria in a young man with renal artery arteriosclerosis: remission of symptoms during administration of dipyridamole."
8.	Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2001 - "Three patients developed a syndrome of substernal chest tightness, dyspnea, and flank pain, which was relieved by diphenhydramine. "
9.	Aspartate Aminotransferases (Aspartate Transaminase)IBA 05/01/1984 - "A previously healthy 44-year-old man with well-documented normotension had a sudden onset of left flank pain and delayed onset of constitutional symptoms, hematuria, and elevations of lactic dehydrogenase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and creatinine levels. "
10.	AnticoagulantsIBA 12/01/1980 - "There were two modes of clinical presentation: (1) a sudden renal vein thrombosis was observed in the young patient with acute flank pain, marked costovertebral angle tenderness and macroscopic hematuria; a characteristic intravenous pyelogram, renal histologic changes and anticoagulant therapy were followed by marked improvement in renal function; (2) long-term renal vein thrombosis was observed in the older patients; they were asymptomatic and intravenous pyelograms disclosed no abnormalities; there were no suggestive renal histologic findings; the incidence of thromboembolic phenomena other than renal vein thrombosis was high, and there was mild progressive deterioration of renal function which was not altered by anticoagulant drugs; treated nephrotic patients with chronic renal vein thrombosis did not experience a new episode of thromboembolism whereas untreated nephrotic patients without renal vein thrombosis did. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Stents 06/01/2013 - "All pregnant patients presenting with intractable flank pain, with or without complications, to a tertiary national teaching hospital in Kurdistan/Iraq, and necessitating ureteric stenting with a JJ stent, were prospectively assessed for this study between March 2008 and March 2010. " 11/01/2001 - "Overall mean stone size in our study was 6.6 mm. There were 4 (7.4%) patients without stents who required postoperative readmission to the hospital secondary to flank pain. " 12/01/1999 - "Five patients were found who had equivocal radiographic studies along with symptoms of flank pain and who underwent diagnostic stent placement. " 01/01/2016 - "Antirefluxing stents eliminate vesicoureteric reflux in patients during voiding and may reduce symptoms of back and flank pain. " 06/01/2013 - "To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of ureteric stenting with a JJ stent in pregnant women, to relieve renal obstruction and intractable flank pain. "
2.	Nephrectomy 08/01/2015 - "We here present a 53-year-old female patient with MCN admitted to the urology clinic with left flank pain treated successfully with partial nephrectomy. " 01/01/2015 - "Presentation is usually acute with severe flank pain, with or without haematuria, and haemodynamic instability requiring exploration and nephrectomy. " 01/01/2008 - "Nephrectomy was performed because of intractable flank pain 3 months after aspiration. " 01/01/2006 - "A 51-year-old, perimenopausal, female patient with 1-month history of right flank pain who was diagnosed with a renal mass and underwent nephron-sparing partial nephrectomy is presented. " 03/01/1989 - "The chief complaint was flank pain and nephrectomy was performed in both cases. "
3.	Lithotripsy (Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy) 06/01/2006 - "A 55-year-old man presented with intermittent right-flank pain 6 months after ureteroscopic stone extraction with holmium laser lithotripsy. " 05/01/1988 - "Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is an effective, noninvasive treatment for caliceal stones and it can be justified as therapeutic treatment when the correlation between a small caliceal stone and persistent flank pain is indeterminable." 01/01/1990 - "One hundred and seven patients with caliceal stones causing flank pain were treated by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), followed up and reviewed. " 08/01/1989 - "We treated 11 patients who presented with flank pain and nonobstructing caliceal stones with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. " 05/01/1988 - "Of 446 patients treated by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy 22 had small nonobstructive caliceal stones associated with lumbar or flank pain. "
4.	Replantation 02/01/1994 - "Severe left flank pain and gross hematuria were relieved by direct renocaval reimplantation. " 01/01/2006 - "In the first, hematuria and left flank pain resolved in a young man after successful renocaval reimplantation. "
5.	Sclerotherapy 09/01/2006 - "Alcohol cyst sclerotherapy is a minimally invasive, safe, and effective alternative to conventional surgical/laparoscopic deroofing for managing chronic flank pain due to adult polycystic kidney disease in selected patients. "