HOME PRODUCTS SERVICES COMPANY CONTACT FAQ

Embryo Loss

Subscribe to New Research on Embryo Loss

Early pregnancy loss during the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN stage of development. In the human, this period comprises the second through eighth week after fertilization.

Also Known As:

Disintegration of Blastocyst; Disintegration of Embryo; Death, Embryo; Disintegration, Blastocyst; Embryo Deaths; Resorption, Embryo; Blastocyst Disintegration; Embryo Death; Embryo Disintegration; Embryo Resorption

Networked: 130 relevant articles (7 outcomes, 11 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Aneuploidy (Aneuploid)
2.	Hemorrhage
3.	Body Weight (Weight, Body)
4.	Spontaneous Abortion (Miscarriage)
5.	Fetal Weight

Experts

1.	Lin, Yi: 7 articles (03/2011 - 10/2005)
2.	Di, Jingfang: 5 articles (03/2011 - 10/2005)
3.	Zeng, Shan: 5 articles (10/2009 - 10/2005)
4.	Zhong, Yanmin: 4 articles (03/2011 - 06/2009)
5.	Wang, Wenjing: 4 articles (03/2011 - 06/2009)
6.	Saito, Shigeru: 3 articles (02/2011 - 06/2009)
7.	Clark, Robert L: 3 articles (02/2011 - 12/2004)
8.	Cho, Kyung-Hyun: 2 articles (12/2015 - 12/2011)
9.	Correa, Fernando: 2 articles (12/2015 - 08/2015)
10.	Franchi, Ana María: 2 articles (12/2015 - 08/2015)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Embryo Loss:

1.	Prostaglandins D (PGD)IBA 01/01/2012 - "Couples with RT may benefit from PGD; pregnancy success rate is improved and embryo loss reduced. " 07/01/2012 - "The PGD procedure, in particular blastomere biopsy, increases the rate of embryo death at 4.5-7.5 dpc, but does not affect the development of surviving 7.5 dpc embryos." 09/01/1999 - "Two conclusions were obtained: (i) PGD of aneuploidy reduced embryo loss after implantation; (ii) implantation rates were not significantly improved, but the proportion of ongoing and delivered babies was increased."
2.	AntigensIBA 05/01/2002 - "The mouse models of spontaneous abortion CBA/J x DBA/2 were established, then we administrated the models by oral proper dosage antigens ovum albumin (OVA), trophoblast menbrane antigens trophoblast membrane antigen (TMA)1, TMA2 and observed the changes of embryo loss rate (ELR) as compared with the control groups: group without immunization, group of active immunization by injecting intraperitoneally spleenocytes and blank control by feeding normal saline (NS). " 06/01/2005 - "Our findings suggest that paternal antigen-tolerant T cells transferred in recipient not only function as antigen-specific suppresser cells but also disable the recipient reactive T cells, which co-suppresses maternal rejection to the allogeneic fetus, thus resulting in the decrease of the embryo resorption rate of the abortion-prone mice to that of the normal pregnancy mice." 04/01/2004 - "In the CBA/J x DBA/2 matings, anti-CD(80), CD(86) mAb administered at day 4 of gestation reduced significantly the embryo resorption rate, and induced a significantly lower proliferation response and IL-2 production by maternal splenic immuno-competent cells to paternal antigen compared with rat isotype IgG. In vivo blockade of costimulatory signal at day 4 of gestation can induce the immuno-tolerance of maternal peripheral immuno-competent cells to paternal antigen, thus leading the embryo resorption rate of the abortion-prone model to that of normal pregnancy model." 01/01/1996 - "However, due to the short half-life of IgM antibodies, immunity to LPS was short-lived and the protective effect of LPS immunization against LPS induced abortion waned after 5 wk. Through the use of the CBA/J female x DBA/2 male model system to study spontaneous early embryo loss, previous vaccination of CBA/J female mice with Balb/c spleen cells expressing paternal MHC antigens, complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or LPS, all decreased the incidence of spontaneous resorption in subsequent pregnancies. "
3.	AntibodiesIBA 10/01/1998 - "In the APS murine models presented here, both the Lupus-prone mice and the naive mice with induced APS, fetal resorption (parallels to embryo loss) and reduced fecundity rate were prominent features strongly associated with pathogenic aCL antibodies, making these models appropriate for investigating the human disease. " 01/01/1996 - "However, due to the short half-life of IgM antibodies, immunity to LPS was short-lived and the protective effect of LPS immunization against LPS induced abortion waned after 5 wk. Through the use of the CBA/J female x DBA/2 male model system to study spontaneous early embryo loss, previous vaccination of CBA/J female mice with Balb/c spleen cells expressing paternal MHC antigens, complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or LPS, all decreased the incidence of spontaneous resorption in subsequent pregnancies. " 06/15/2003 - "The 2 upper levels of IgG and IgM anti-protein Z antibodies were associated with the risk of unexplained recurrent embryo loss or fetal death independently from habitual antiphospholipid/anticofactor antibodies, and a dose-effect relationship between antibody levels and the clinical risks was evidenced. "
4.	Immunoglobulin M (IgM)IBA 01/01/1996 - "However, due to the short half-life of IgM antibodies, immunity to LPS was short-lived and the protective effect of LPS immunization against LPS induced abortion waned after 5 wk. Through the use of the CBA/J female x DBA/2 male model system to study spontaneous early embryo loss, previous vaccination of CBA/J female mice with Balb/c spleen cells expressing paternal MHC antigens, complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or LPS, all decreased the incidence of spontaneous resorption in subsequent pregnancies. " 06/15/2003 - "The 2 upper levels of IgG and IgM anti-protein Z antibodies were associated with the risk of unexplained recurrent embryo loss or fetal death independently from habitual antiphospholipid/anticofactor antibodies, and a dose-effect relationship between antibody levels and the clinical risks was evidenced. "
5.	Freund's AdjuvantIBA 01/01/1996 - "However, due to the short half-life of IgM antibodies, immunity to LPS was short-lived and the protective effect of LPS immunization against LPS induced abortion waned after 5 wk. Through the use of the CBA/J female x DBA/2 male model system to study spontaneous early embryo loss, previous vaccination of CBA/J female mice with Balb/c spleen cells expressing paternal MHC antigens, complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or LPS, all decreased the incidence of spontaneous resorption in subsequent pregnancies. "
6.	Acrolein (Aqualin)IBA 06/15/1987 - "The EC50 values for embryo deaths and malformations were decreased to 50 and 20%, respectively, of those values for acrolein alone. " 06/15/1987 - "Acrolein alone produced a 25 and 48% incidence of embryo deaths at 50 and 100 microM, respectively, and a 46% incidence of embryo malformations, as well as significant growth retardation, among the surviving embryos at 100 microM. " 07/01/1987 - "However, a 6-hr preincubation with 500 microM glutathione, prior to exposure to acrolein (in the absence of exogenous glutathione), significantly decreased the incidence of embryo deaths at 160 microM acrolein and brought the number of deaths and malformations among embryos exposed to 120 microM acrolein down to a level not significantly different from control; unlike the embryos exposed concurrently to acrolein and glutathione, however, the sequential treatment with glutathione and acrolein did not protect against growth retardation. " 07/01/1987 - "Day 10 rat embryos were cultured in the presence of acrolein and glutathione, either concurrently or sequentially, and evaluated for embryo deaths, malformations, growth retardation, and content of glutathione and protein. " 06/15/1987 - "The addition of 10 microM buthionine sulfoximine resulted in 100% embryolethality at 100 microM acrolein; this buthionine sulfoximine concentration decreased the EC50 values for embryo deaths and malformations to 50% of those for acrolein alone. "
7.	PutrescineIBA 08/01/2015 - "Peri-ovulatory putrescine supplementation in older mice improved oocyte quality, as indicated by increased blastocyst cell numbers and reduced the incidence of embryo resorption. " 08/01/2015 - "Peri-ovulatory putrescine deficiency in older mice appears to adversely impact on oocyte maturation resulting in poor quality embryos (as assessed by blastocyst cell numbers) and early embryo death. " 08/01/2015 - "Putrescine supplementation in older mice increased blastocyst cell numbers (from 40 to 54; P < 0.0001, t-test), reduced embryo resorption rates (from 41.1 to 15.4% in old C57BL/6 mice, P < 0.0001, Fisher's exact test; from 14.2 to 6.4% in old CF1 mice, P = 0.004, Fisher's exact test), and doubled the number of live born pups. " 08/01/2015 - "Does peri-ovulatory putrescine supplementation of older mice improve oocyte quality and reduce the incidence of embryo resorption? " 08/01/2015 - "Peri-ovulatory putrescine supplementation reduces embryo resorption in older mice."
8.	Glutathione (Reduced Glutathione)IBA 07/01/1987 - "However, a 6-hr preincubation with 500 microM glutathione, prior to exposure to acrolein (in the absence of exogenous glutathione), significantly decreased the incidence of embryo deaths at 160 microM acrolein and brought the number of deaths and malformations among embryos exposed to 120 microM acrolein down to a level not significantly different from control; unlike the embryos exposed concurrently to acrolein and glutathione, however, the sequential treatment with glutathione and acrolein did not protect against growth retardation. " 07/01/1987 - "Day 10 rat embryos were cultured in the presence of acrolein and glutathione, either concurrently or sequentially, and evaluated for embryo deaths, malformations, growth retardation, and content of glutathione and protein. "
9.	lactate dehydrogenase C4IBA 09/01/1994 - "Systemic immunization with LDH-C4 did not reduce the overall pregnancy rate but reduced the frequency of embryo resorption and increased litter size significantly. "
10.	Nitric Oxide (Nitrogen Monoxide)FDA Link 10/01/1995 - "In this study, the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the mechanism of early embryo loss was studied. " 12/15/2015 - "LPS administration to 7-day pregnant mice induces embryo resorption after 24h, with nitric oxide playing a fundamental role in this process. " 01/01/2000 - "In this report, we examined whether nitric oxide (NO) is involved in early embryo death. " 05/15/1997 - "We have previously shown that increased nitric oxide production by decidual macrophages is involved in early embryo loss occurring at day 12 of gestation. " 10/01/1995 - "Early embryo loss is associated with local production of nitric oxide by decidual mononuclear cells."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Induced Abortion (Induced Abortions) 01/01/1996 - "However, due to the short half-life of IgM antibodies, immunity to LPS was short-lived and the protective effect of LPS immunization against LPS induced abortion waned after 5 wk. Through the use of the CBA/J female x DBA/2 male model system to study spontaneous early embryo loss, previous vaccination of CBA/J female mice with Balb/c spleen cells expressing paternal MHC antigens, complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or LPS, all decreased the incidence of spontaneous resorption in subsequent pregnancies. "
2.	Curettage 09/01/1992 - "The spontaneous and previous embryo death induce a scanty bleeding following curettage and thus, corroborate in a natural way the efficacy of any substance used to desvitalize the pregnancy and in consequence, diminish the vascular blood flow before evacuation in order to get a good result following conservative management."
3.	Homologous Transplantation (Allograft) 10/01/1995 - "In early embryo loss, the fetus may be considered to be an allograft and, therefore, may be rejected by maternal immunocytes. "
4.	Ovariectomy (Oophorectomy) 01/01/1991 - "Oestrogen given alone after ovariectomy increased embryo loss, but restored preimplantation embryo development to normal when given on Day 3 after progestins on Day 1. The results suggested that both oestrogen and progesterone were necessary for normal preimplantation embryo development in vivo. "
5.	Laparotomy 10/25/2015 - "In order to observe the embryo resorption rate, half of pregnant rats were randomly selected to undergo a laparotomy, and the remainder was used to observe delivery and assess the growth of neonatal rats after delivery. "