Lewy Body Disease (Lewy Body Dementia)

A neurodegenerative disease characterized by dementia, mild parkinsonism, and fluctuations in attention and alertness. The neuropsychiatric manifestations tend to precede the onset of bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY, and other extrapyramidal signs. DELUSIONS and visual HALLUCINATIONS are relatively frequent in this condition. Histologic examination reveals LEWY BODIES in the CEREBRAL CORTEX and BRAIN STEM. SENILE PLAQUES and other pathologic features characteristic of ALZHEIMER DISEASE may also be present. (From Neurology 1997;48:376-380; Neurology 1996;47:1113-1124)

Also Known As:

Networked: 480 relevant articles (15 outcomes, 51 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Dementia (Dementias)
2.	Parkinson Disease (Parkinson's Disease)
3.	Alzheimer Disease (Alzheimer's Disease)
4.	Vascular Dementia (Subcortical Arteriosclerotic Encephalopathy)
5.	Neurodegenerative Diseases (Neurodegenerative Disease)

Experts

1.	Masliah, Eliezer: 20 articles (03/2013 - 03/2002)
2.	Dickson, Dennis W: 17 articles (12/2015 - 08/2008)
3.	Rockenstein, Edward: 15 articles (03/2013 - 03/2002)
4.	Takahashi, Hitoshi: 12 articles (12/2015 - 07/2002)
5.	Wakabayashi, Koichi: 12 articles (12/2015 - 07/2002)
6.	Mori, Fumiaki: 11 articles (12/2015 - 07/2002)
7.	Kakita, Akiyoshi: 9 articles (12/2015 - 04/2003)
8.	Hashimoto, Makoto: 9 articles (03/2008 - 03/2002)
9.	Berg, Daniela: 8 articles (06/2013 - 09/2006)
10.	Crews, Leslie: 8 articles (01/2011 - 01/2004)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Lewy Body Disease:

1.	rivastigmine (Exelon)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2003 - "Rivastigmine also was proven effective in decreasing psychiatric symptoms and cognitive deficits in a large double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients with diffuse Lewy body disease. " 01/01/2002 - "Studies with the dual ChE inhibitor rivastigmine in mild to moderately severe AD and in Lewy body dementia (LBD) have shown improvements in behavioral symptoms including psychosis. " 01/01/2005 - "The effect of rivastigmine is best documented in Lewy body dementia (LB). " 12/16/2000 - "Rivastigmine 6-12 mg daily produces statistically and clinically significant behavioural effects in patients with Lewy-body dementia, and seems safe and well tolerated if titrated individually." 05/01/2007 - "[Hallucinations associated to treatment with rivastigmine in two patients with diffuse Lewy body disease]."
2.	donepezil (Aricept)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2005 - "This report discusses a case of an elderly woman with a diagnosis of probable Lewy body dementia who had significant improvement with donepezil but discontinued it due to side effects. " 10/26/2004 - "Severe worsening of parkinsonism in Lewy body dementia due to donepezil." 11/25/2003 - "Severe worsening of parkinsonism in Lewy body dementia due to donepezil." 05/01/2007 - "Officially approved for mild-to-moderate and severe AD, donepezil has also been shown to be effective in early-stage AD, vascular dementia, Parkinson's disease dementia/Lewy body disease and cognitive symptoms associated with multiple sclerosis. " 01/01/2006 - "Nine hundred and ninety-four AD patients received study drug, of whom 49 (4.9%) had symptoms suggestive of concomitant Lewy body disease (25 rivastigmine, 24 donepezil). "
3.	Levodopa (L Dopa)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2003 - "For patients with Lewy body dementia, levodopa often provides a significant improvement of the extrapyramidal syndrome in about 70p.cent of the treated patients. " 03/01/2003 - "Levodopa improved rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder with diffuse Lewy body disease." 01/01/2014 - "We present an atypical case of serotonin syndrome related to levodopa use in a patient of probable Lewy body dementia. " 01/01/2014 - "Serotonin syndrome following levodopa treatment in diffuse Lewy body disease." 07/01/1992 - "These cases emphasize that (1) Lewy body Parkinson's disease cannot be excluded on the basis of atypical presentation or levodopa nonresponsiveness, and (2) the clinicopathologic spectrum of Lewy body disease is varied."
4.	alpha-SynucleinIBA 06/01/2012 - "Neuropathological studies show early accumulation of abnormal alpha-synuclein (α-SYN) containing inclusions (Lewy neurites) in the enteric nervous system (ENS) and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) both in PD and in incidental Lewy body disease (ILBD). " 06/01/2004 - "The present study examines alpha-synuclein interactions with rab3a and rabphilin by antibody arrays, immunoprecipitation and pull-down methods in the entorhinal cortex of control cases and in diffuse Lewy body disease (LBD) cases. " 12/01/2000 - "In this study, we observed that AGEs and alpha-synuclein are similarly distributed in very early Lewy bodies in the human brain in cases with incidental Lewy body disease. " 01/01/2015 - "Here we show that brain extracts from two patients with MSA and two patients with probable incidental Lewy body disease (iLBD) but not phosphate-buffered saline induce prion-like spreading of pathological alpha-synuclein after intrastriatal injection into mice expressing human wild-type alpha-synuclein. " 01/01/2014 - "Alpha-synuclein immunohistochemistry of gastrointestinal and biliary surgical specimens for diagnosis of Lewy body disease."
5.	Cholinesterase Inhibitors (Anticholinesterases)IBA 06/01/2015 - "In pooled trial data, cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) produce small improvements in cognitive, functional, and global benefits in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's and Lewy body dementia, but the clinical significance of these effects are unclear. " 10/01/2005 - "Larger scale, placebo controlled clinical trials are needed to provide an evidence base to guide the clinical use of cholinesterase inhibitors in Lewy body disease." 04/01/1996 - "In this article, Paolo Liberini and colleagues suggest that the cluster of responders to the cholinesterase inhibitors might include a significant number of subjects with a rather selective dysfunction of the cholinergic system, as in the case of Lewy-body dementia. " 12/01/2009 - "This review provides an update on the current state of pharmacogenetic research in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Lewy body disease (LBD) as it pertains to the use of cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEI). " 04/01/1996 - "Lewy-body dementia and responsiveness to cholinesterase inhibitors: a paradigm for heterogeneity of Alzheimer's disease?"
6.	beta-SynucleinIBA 12/01/2004 - "An antiaggregation gene therapy strategy for Lewy body disease utilizing beta-synuclein lentivirus in a transgenic model." 04/01/2007 - "These results support the contention that in Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia, alpha-syn oligomers on the membrane might form pore-like structures, and that the beneficial effects of beta-synuclein might be related to its ability to block the formation of pore-like structures." 10/01/2006 - "Previous studies have shown that beta-synuclein (beta-syn), the homologue of alpha-syn, inhibited alpha-syn aggregation and stabilized Akt cell survival signaling molecule, suggesting that beta-syn was protective against alpha-syn-related neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and diffuse Lewy body disease. "
7.	Yi-Gan SanIBA 01/01/2012 - "Recent studies have shown that yokukansan might also be quite effective against BPSD occurring in association with other types of dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body disease, Parkinson's disease with dementia, frontotemporal dementia, and vascular dementia. "
8.	2- (4'- (methylamino)phenyl)- 6- hydroxybenzothiazole (Pittsburgh compound B)IBA 05/01/2010 - "Findings of increased Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB) binding in subjects with Lewy Body Disease (LBD) compared with Parkinson's disease and dementia (PDD) may explain phenotype differences in the spectrum of Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), and show promise in guiding future therapeutic trials aimed at this disease. "
9.	Memantine (Namenda)FDA Link 07/01/2009 - "Efficacy and safety of memantine in Lewy body dementia." 08/01/2007 - "Memantine-induced decompensation in a patient with lewy body dementia." 02/01/2013 - "To report on a patient with Lewy body dementia who developed worsening of hallucinations with memantine withdrawal and significant improvement with reinitiation of the drug. " 06/01/2015 - "Memantine exhibits no significant benefit in mild dementia or Lewy body dementia or as an add-on treatment with ChEIs. " 02/01/2013 - "Visual hallucinations treated with the reinitiation of memantine in a patient with Lewy body dementia."
10.	1- Methyl- 4- phenyl- 1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)IBA 01/01/2007 - "Results demonstrated that ablation of EP2(EP2-/-) significantly enhanced microglia-mediated ex vivo clearance of alpha-synuclein aggregates (from mesocortex of Lewy body disease patients) while significantly attenuating neurotoxicity and extent of alpha-synuclein aggregation in mice treated with a parkinsonian toxicant 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. " 06/16/2006 - "We herein report that far upstream element-binding protein 1 accumulates in Parkin knock-out mice, patients with autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism, sporadic Parkinson disease, and diffuse Lewy Body disease as well as the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine mouse model of Parkinson disease. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 04/01/2009 - "We report inappropriate sexual behaviors in a case of dementia of Lewy body disease, which improved rapidly after treatment with quetiapine."
2.	Sympathectomy (Sympathectomies) 04/15/2012 - "Detailed clinical examinations, including angiography and echocardiogram, revealed no overt etiology, supporting the idea that cardiac sympathetic denervation is due to underlying Lewy body disease. " 06/01/2005 - "Cardiac sympathetic denervation precedes neuronal loss in the sympathetic ganglia in Lewy body disease." 04/01/2009 - "Lewy body disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Lewy body dementia (LBD) are associated with cardiac sympathetic denervation, which can be visualized on 123I-MIBG scintigraphy. " 01/15/2006 - "Iodine-123-labeled metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) myocardial scintigraphy has been used to evaluate cardiac sympathetic denervation in Lewy body disease (LBD) including Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). " 01/01/2008 - "Not only TH- but also NF-immunoreactive (ir) axons in the epicardial nerve fascicles were markedly decreased in Lewy body disease, namely cardiac sympathetic denervation, which accounts for the reduced cardiac uptake of MIBG in Lewy body disease. "
3.	Therapeutics 11/01/2008 - "The diagnostic responsibility will increase with the development of new specific therapeutics and knowledge of contraindications such as the use of neuroleptics in patients suffering from Lewy body dementia. "
4.	Parenteral Nutrition 09/01/2004 - "Special attention is paid to the distinctive clinical features, laboratory data and neuroimaging findings of frequent diseases as well as important ones including multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, Lewy body disease, drug-induced parkinsonism, vascular pseudo-parkinsonism, normal pressure hydrocephalus and manganese intoxication due to parenteral nutrition. "
5.	Home Nursing (Nursing, Home) 12/01/2007 - "These cases included: a community-dwelling male in his early eighties with dementia who was found to have multiple cortical and striatal lacunes and glial scars, small vessel cerebrovascular disease (SVD) and AD-related pathology; a community-dwelling male in his mid-seventies with depression and loss of concentration, with brainstem predominant Lewy body disease (LBD) and AD-related pathology; and a female nursing home resident in her nineties with a history of stroke and prior suicide attempts who was found to have infarcts and SVD in frontal regions. "