Complex Regional Pain Syndromes

Conditions characterized by pain involving an extremity or other body region, HYPERESTHESIA, and localized autonomic dysfunction following injury to soft tissue or nerve. The pain is usually associated with ERYTHEMA; SKIN TEMPERATURE changes, abnormal sudomotor activity (i.e., changes in sweating due to altered sympathetic innervation) or edema. The degree of pain and other manifestations is out of proportion to that expected from the inciting event. Two subtypes of this condition have been described: type I; (REFLEX SYMPATHETIC DYSTROPHY) and type II; (CAUSALGIA). (From Pain 1995 Oct;63(1):127-33)

Also Known As:

Networked: 14 relevant articles (3 outcomes, 0 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Neuralgia (Stump Neuralgia)
2.	Disease Progression
3.	Coronary Artery Disease (Coronary Atherosclerosis)
4.	Pain (Aches)
5.	Stroke (Strokes)

Experts

1.	Birklein, Frank: 2 articles (02/2011 - 02/2010)
2.	Sommer, Claudia: 2 articles (02/2011 - 02/2010)
3.	Kosharskyy, Boleslav: 1 article (05/2013)
4.	Pappagallo, Marco: 1 article (05/2013)
5.	Almonte, Wilson: 1 article (05/2013)
6.	Smith, Howard: 1 article (05/2013)
7.	Shaparin, Naum: 1 article (05/2013)
8.	Eberle, Tatiana: 1 article (02/2011)
9.	Wagner, Ina: 1 article (02/2011)
10.	Müller, Lars P: 1 article (02/2011)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Complex Regional Pain Syndromes:

1.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 04/01/1999 - "Corticosteroids are probably an effective treatment for some types of neuropathic pain and complex regional pain syndromes. " 04/01/1999 - "This may be a relevant model for examining the effects of corticosteroids on neuropathic pain and complex regional pain syndromes." 10/01/2000 - "These include: (i) articular and periarticular manifestations induced by fluoroquinolones, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, injections of corticosteroids, and retinoids; (ii) multisystemic manifestations such as drug-induced lupus and arthritis induced by vaccination, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy and cytokines; (iii) drug-induced disorders of bone metabolism (corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis, drug-induced osteomalacia and osteonecrosis); and (iv) iatrogenic complex regional pain syndromes. "
2.	Biological Markers (Surrogate Marker)IBA 01/01/2011 - "In some disease processes, inflammatory biomarkers are used clinically to track disease progression and efficacy of treatment, as is seen with complex regional pain syndromes and coronary artery disease. "
3.	KetamineFDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2003 - "For complex regional pain syndromes, there is only level IV evidence of efficacy of epidural ketamine. "
4.	FluoroquinolonesIBA 10/01/2000 - "These include: (i) articular and periarticular manifestations induced by fluoroquinolones, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, injections of corticosteroids, and retinoids; (ii) multisystemic manifestations such as drug-induced lupus and arthritis induced by vaccination, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy and cytokines; (iii) drug-induced disorders of bone metabolism (corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis, drug-induced osteomalacia and osteonecrosis); and (iv) iatrogenic complex regional pain syndromes. "
5.	CytokinesIBA 10/01/2000 - "These include: (i) articular and periarticular manifestations induced by fluoroquinolones, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, injections of corticosteroids, and retinoids; (ii) multisystemic manifestations such as drug-induced lupus and arthritis induced by vaccination, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy and cytokines; (iii) drug-induced disorders of bone metabolism (corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis, drug-induced osteomalacia and osteonecrosis); and (iv) iatrogenic complex regional pain syndromes. "
6.	Vasodilator Agents (Vasodilators)IBA 04/01/1997 - "These results indicate that the effect of vasodilators on primary afferent nociceptors is not related to the vasodilating effect and may not involve a common mechanism of action for pain relief in complex regional pain syndromes." 04/01/1997 - "Although vasodilator agents have been used to alleviate the pain of complex regional pain syndromes, the precise mechanism of pain relief is not well known. "
7.	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor)IBA 02/01/2011 - "Posttraumatic TNF-alpha signaling may be one of the factors responsible for pain and hyperalgesia in complex regional pain syndromes (CRPS). "
8.	RetinoidsIBA 10/01/2000 - "These include: (i) articular and periarticular manifestations induced by fluoroquinolones, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, injections of corticosteroids, and retinoids; (ii) multisystemic manifestations such as drug-induced lupus and arthritis induced by vaccination, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy and cytokines; (iii) drug-induced disorders of bone metabolism (corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis, drug-induced osteomalacia and osteonecrosis); and (iv) iatrogenic complex regional pain syndromes. "
9.	Morphine (MS Contin)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2000 - "Continuous axillary brachial plexus analgesia with low dose morphine in patients with complex regional pain syndromes."
10.	Immunoglobulins (Immunoglobulin)IBA 02/02/2010 - "Intravenous immunoglobulin to fight complex regional pain syndromes: hopes and doubts."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Catheters 08/01/2009 - "Under general anesthesia, children with unilateral lower limb complex regional pain syndromes received catheters along the lumbar sympathetic chain. "
2.	Spinal Injections 09/01/2000 - "This non exhaustive revue presents the indications, techniques and results of neural conduction blocks as peripheral blocks, Alcock canal block, zygapophysial joint blocks and also central blocks illustrated by epidural and intrathecal injections and finally sympathetic nervous system blocks as celiac plexus block, stellate ganglion block and intravenous blocks for complex regional pain syndromes. "
3.	Injections 10/01/2000 - "These include: (i) articular and periarticular manifestations induced by fluoroquinolones, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, injections of corticosteroids, and retinoids; (ii) multisystemic manifestations such as drug-induced lupus and arthritis induced by vaccination, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy and cytokines; (iii) drug-induced disorders of bone metabolism (corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis, drug-induced osteomalacia and osteonecrosis); and (iv) iatrogenic complex regional pain syndromes. "
4.	Intravenous Infusions 05/01/2013 - "This article will focus on non-opiate intravenous infusions that have been utilized for chronic painful disorders such as fibromyalgia, neuropathic pain, phantom limb pain, post-herpetic neuralgia, complex regional pain syndromes (CRPS), diabetic neuropathy, and central pain related to stroke or spinal cord injuries. "
5.	General Anesthesia 08/01/2009 - "Under general anesthesia, children with unilateral lower limb complex regional pain syndromes received catheters along the lumbar sympathetic chain. "