Hallux Rigidus

A condition caused by degenerative arthritis (see OSTEOARTHRITIS) of the METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINT of the great toe and characterized by pain and limited dorsiflexion, but relatively unrestricted plantar flexion.

Also Known As:

Networked: 201 relevant articles (16 outcomes, 27 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Pain (Aches)
2.	Hallux Valgus (Bunion)
3.	Osteoarthritis
4.	Rheumatoid Arthritis
5.	Congenital Abnormalities (Deformity)

Experts

1.	Roukis, Thomas S: 11 articles (05/2012 - 09/2003)
2.	Hyer, Christopher F: 3 articles (08/2012 - 01/2008)
3.	Meusnier, Tristan: 3 articles (05/2012 - 02/2012)
4.	Augoyard, Marc: 3 articles (05/2012 - 02/2012)
5.	Denaro, Vincenzo: 3 articles (02/2011 - 10/2010)
6.	Coughlin, Michael J: 3 articles (09/2004 - 09/2003)
7.	Kim, Paul J: 2 articles (11/2015 - 01/2012)
8.	Besse, J-L: 2 articles (10/2015 - 10/2012)
9.	Fessy, M-H: 2 articles (10/2015 - 10/2012)
10.	Ferguson, Chad M: 2 articles (09/2015 - 11/2014)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Hallux Rigidus:

1.	Hyaluronic Acid (Hyaluronan)IBA 01/01/2007 - "Sodium hyaluronate in the treatment of hallux rigidus. " 01/01/2007 - "Intra-articular injections of sodium hyaluronate are effective and safe in decreasing hallux rigidus pain. " 01/01/2007 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of intra-articular sodium hyaluronate (Ostenil)mini) compared to intra-articular triamcinolone acetonide (Trigon depot) in the treatment of painful hallux rigidus. "
2.	tebufenozide (Mimic)IBA 07/01/2013 - "Although the literature supports arthrodesis as being the gold standard for the treatment of end-staged hallux rigidus, there are several other treatments available that can either prolong the life of the remaining joint or artificially mimic the original biomechanics by replacing a portion of or the entire joint with the added advantage of preserving joint mobility. "
3.	Triamcinolone Acetonide (Azmacort)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2007 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of intra-articular sodium hyaluronate (Ostenil)mini) compared to intra-articular triamcinolone acetonide (Trigon depot) in the treatment of painful hallux rigidus. "
4.	Aligeron (AS 2)IBA 09/01/2010 - "Twelve studies specified the grade of hallux rigidus as: 103 (19.9%) grade 1, 210 (40.6%) grade II, 189 (36.6%) grade III, and 15 (2.9%) grade IV. Six studies indicated the number of cheilectomies that required revision surgery as: 2 (20%) grade I, 8 (14.8%) grade II, 12 (9.1%) grade III, and 5 (55.6%) grade IV. These results make clear the low incidence of revision surgery after cheilectomy for hallux rigidus. "
5.	pyrolytic carbonIBA 09/01/2011 - "A novel pyrolytic carbon implant for hallux rigidus: a cadaveric study."
6.	baysilon (polydimethylsiloxane)IBA 12/01/1995 - "Silastic single-stem implants in the treatment of hallux rigidus." 08/01/1995 - "Forty cases of hallux rigidus treated by Silastic hemiarthroplasty over an average period of 110 months have been reviewed here. " 08/01/1995 - "Silastic single-stem implants in the treatment of hallux rigidus." 01/01/1992 - "Twenty-eight cases of hallux rigidus treated with the Swanson Silastic implant (single and double stem) were reviewed, with an 8-year follow-up. " 10/01/1980 - "A material of 26 patients treated for hallux rigidus using the Swanson silastic great toe implant is presented. "
7.	TitaniumIBA 05/01/2012 - "The incidence of nonunion after arthrodesis of the first MTPJ consisting of 2 crossed flexible titanium intramedullary nails and a dorsal static 10-mm titanium staple for end-stage hallux rigidus in an exclusively female population was lower than the historic mean for most other fixation techniques. " 05/01/2012 - "We performed a retrospective review of all patients undergoing arthrodesis of the first MTPJ for end-stage hallux rigidus with 2 crossed flexible titanium intramedullary nails and a dorsal static 10-mm titanium staple followed by immediate protected weight-bearing. " 05/01/2012 - "Nonunion rate of first metatarsal-phalangeal joint arthrodesis for end-stage hallux rigidus with crossed titanium flexible intramedullary nails and dorsal static staple with immediate weight-bearing." 02/01/2012 - "The incidence of nonunion with flexible titanium intramedullary nails alone or supplemented with static staples followed by immediate protected weight bearing for predominantly severe hallux valgus and hallux rigidus is lower than the historic mean for most other fixation techniques. " 03/01/2012 - "The incidence of nonunion after arthrodesis of the first MTPJ consisting of crossed flexible titanium intramedullary nails and a dorsal static staple for predominantly severe hallux valgus and hallux rigidus was lower than the historic mean for most other fixation techniques. "
8.	SiliconesIBA 01/01/2003 - "[Use of a silicone metatarsophalangeal joint endoprosthesis in hallux rigidus over a 15-year period]." 02/01/1989 - "Between 1980 and 1985, silicone hemiprostheses were implanted because of hallux rigidus in 58 feet of 43 patients who were followed up after an average of 5 years. " 01/01/2003 - "The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the results of a Swanson type, two stem, flexible silicone prosthesis used for first metatarsophalangeal joint replacement in hallux rigidus. " 02/01/1989 - "Silicone arthroplasty for hallux rigidus. " 07/01/1993 - "We recommend that the operation of silicone hemiarthroplasty for hallux valgus and hallux rigidus be abandoned."
9.	Silicone Elastomers (SE 30)IBA 08/01/1977 - "A new surgical procedure similar to the present treatment of hallux rigidus with a silicone rubber implant is described. " 08/01/1996 - "We describe a woman who developed foreign body granulomas 8 years after metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint silicone rubber implantation for hallux rigidus. " 04/01/1990 - "We report the use of a silicone elastomer ball-shaped spacer for the treatment of hallux valgus and hallux rigidus. "
10.	Freiberg's diseaseIBA 05/01/1994 - "Also, periosteal resurfacing of the metatarsal head was found to be suitable in the treatment of hallux rigidus and Freiberg's disease. " 01/01/1997 - "Clinical examination, including of the shoe and of the plantar orthosis, distinguishes five types of anomalies: 1. horizontal malalignment of the metatarsal heads with insufficiency at the first metatarsal-phalangeal joint, dominated by hallux valgus, and involvement of the second metatarsal bone, sometimes favouring Freiberg's disease; 2. vertical malalignment, with a hollow anterior foot, sometimes complicated by Morton's neuroma; 3. a combination of these two anomalies, easily diagnosed but less easily treated; 4. possible enlargement of the first metatarsal-phalangeal joint (hallux rigidus, sesamoid pathology); 5. no patent architectural anomalies, but stress fractures or bone insufficiency fractures of the metatarsals. " 03/20/2010 - "Etiologies of chronic pain are described from medial to lateral with first ray pathologies (hallux valgus, hallux rigidus and sesamoid pathology) and first ray insufficiency, pathologies of the second, third and fourth ray and intermetatarsal spaces (second ray syndrome, Freiberg's disease, Morton neuroma, stress or bone insufficiency metatarsal fractures, intermetatarsal bursitis) and fifth ray pathology (lateral bursitis, quintus varus). "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Arthrodesis 09/01/2011 - "When the complete clinical picture of hallux rigidus is present, arthrodesis is the gold standard. " 03/01/2011 - "Arthrodesis of the MTP 1 joint is widely accepted as the gold standard for end-stage hallux rigidus. " 04/01/2011 - "While arthrodesis is the gold-standard for end-stage hallux rigidus, it leads to loss of mobility. " 11/01/2015 - "The results of the present study suggest that cheilectomy offers long-term satisfaction for patients with hallux rigidus and is an acceptable alternative to the joint destructive procedure of first metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis. " 01/01/2014 - "First metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis versus proximal phalanx hemiarthroplasty for hallux rigidus: feasibility study for a randomised controlled trial."
2.	Arthroplasty 10/01/2006 - "This evidence proves that implant arthroplasty is not the best treatment for patients with hallux rigidus or other first-MPJ pathology." 09/01/2010 - "The results of this systematic review demonstrate improvement in patient outcomes and first metatarsal-phalangeal joint dorsiflexion, as well as few complications following autogenous soft tissue interpositional arthroplasty for end-stage hallux rigidus. " 09/01/2012 - "This study sought to review the place for Keller arthroplasty in the management of hallux rigidus by considering outcomes from the patient's perspective. " 09/01/2010 - "Two studies involving a total of 28 autogenous soft tissue interpositional arthroplasties for end-stage hallux rigidus were identified that met the inclusion criteria. " 09/01/2010 - "In an effort to procure the highest quality studies available, studies were eligible for inclusion only if they involved consecutively enrolled patients undergoing isolated autogenous soft tissue interpositional arthroplasty for the treatment of end-stage hallux rigidus, evaluated patients at mean follow-up of 12-months' duration or longer, included pre- and postoperative range of motion of the first metatarsal-phalangeal joint, determined pre- and postoperative outcomes using a scoring system, and documented any complications. "
3.	Osteotomy 09/01/2010 - "The results of this systematic review make clear the general improvement in objective and subjective data as well as the low incidence of revision surgery required after cheilectomy with phalangeal dorsiflexory osteotomy for hallux rigidus. " 02/01/2015 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate prospectively the results of the dorsal wedge phalangeal osteotomy for treating moderate hallux rigidus. " 11/01/2010 - "Based on the high incidence of complications until these studies can be completed, routine use of isolated periarticular osteotomy of the first metatarsal for hallux rigidus should be performed with caution or not at all." 11/01/2010 - "Two studies specified the grade of hallux rigidus that underwent revision surgery after isolated periarticular osteotomy of the first metatarsal as follows: grade I, 16.7% (n = 3/18) and grade II, 30.5% (n = 18/59). " 11/01/2010 - "In an effort to procure the highest quality studies available, studies were eligible for inclusion only if they involved consecutively enrolled patients undergoing isolated periarticular osteotomy of the first metatarsal for hallux rigidus, involved a prospective study design, included some form of objective and subjective data analysis, evaluated patients at a mean follow-up ≥12 months' duration, and included details of complications requiring surgical intervention. "
4.	Prostheses and Implants (Prosthesis) 06/18/2014 - "The implantation of hemicup-prosthesis has been successfully used for the hallux rigidus treatment with very promising results. " 01/01/2013 - "Due to the missing bony integration of the ceramic Moje prosthesis for replacing the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPI) in hallux rigidus, the mid-term results were bad so far. " 06/01/2011 - "The high loosening rate of the Moje prosthesis in the treatment of hallux rigidus caused disappointing medium term results. " 07/01/2001 - "In our opinion the ReFlexion Prosthesis can be quoted as an acceptable alternative for surgical treatment in advanced cases of hallux rigidus. " 02/01/2001 - "We report outcome at a mean 4.8 years follow-up in 42 patients with hallux rigidus treated by metatarsophalangeal interposition thin prosthesis flat concave with a lateral capsular fixation. "
5.	Intra-Articular Injections 09/01/2015 - "This article describes and reviews the available literature on nonoperative modalities available in the treatment of hallux rigidus, including manipulation and intra-articular injections, shoe modifications and orthotics, physical therapy, and experimental therapies. " 01/01/2007 - "Intra-articular injections of sodium hyaluronate are effective and safe in decreasing hallux rigidus pain. "