Asperger Syndrome (Asperger's Syndrome)

A childhood disorder predominately affecting boys and similar to autism (AUTISTIC DISORDER). It is characterized by severe, sustained, clinically significant impairment of social interaction, and restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior. In contrast to autism, there are no clinically significant delays in language or cognitive development. (From DSM-IV)

Also Known As:

Networked: 141 relevant articles (8 outcomes, 39 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Autistic Disorder (Autism)
2.	Schizophrenia (Dementia Praecox)
3.	Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive)
4.	Seizures (Seizure)
5.	Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders (Oppositional Defiant Disorder)

Experts

1.	McDougle, Christopher J: 6 articles (08/2012 - 10/2006)
2.	Baron-Cohen, Simon: 5 articles (01/2014 - 08/2006)
3.	Posey, David J: 5 articles (08/2012 - 10/2006)
4.	Hollander, Eric: 5 articles (12/2011 - 01/2003)
5.	Wasserman, Stacey: 4 articles (12/2011 - 09/2004)
6.	Hollander, E: 4 articles (07/2001 - 02/2000)
7.	Cartwright, C: 4 articles (07/2001 - 02/2000)
8.	Rinehart, Nicole J: 3 articles (04/2015 - 04/2010)
9.	Tonge, Bruce J: 3 articles (04/2015 - 04/2010)
10.	Gillberg, Christopher: 3 articles (07/2014 - 01/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Asperger Syndrome:

1.	Risperidone (Risperdal Consta)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2005 - "Open-label risperidone for Asperger's disorder: negative symptom spectrum response." 12/01/2005 - "We investigated whether risperidone, which is effective in treating the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, would improve such symptoms observed in Asperger's disorder in a prospective, open-label trial. " 10/01/2014 - "An observational cohort study of 40 children (34 males, six females; median age 7y range 3-18y) with autistic disorder, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified, or Asperger syndrome diagnosed using the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised and treated with risperidone for at least 3 months. " 07/01/2009 - "[Hyperprolactinemia in a child diagnosed with Asperger syndrome and hyperkinetic disorder treated with risperidone]." 02/01/2002 - "Charts for 106 children and adolescents (males n = 81 or 76.4%; females n = 25 or 23.6%), presenting with attention deficit and/or hyperactivity disorder (n = 49 or 46.2%), conduct disorder (n = 13 or 12.3%), oppositional-defiant disorder (n = 5 or 4.7%), behavioural problems not otherwise specified (n = 2 or 1.9%), autism (n = 8 or 7.5%), Asperger's syndrome (n = 8 or 7.5%), pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) not otherwise specified (n = 4 or 3.8%), anxiety (n = 6 or 5.7%), depression (n = 2 or 1.9%), dysthymia (n = 2 or 1.9%), schizophrenia (n = 4 or 3.8%), adjustment disorder (n = 1 or 0.9%) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (n = 2 or 1.9%) were reviewed retrospectively to determine the tolerability and potential efficacy of risperidone treatment for a variety of psychiatric disorders. "
2.	aripiprazole (Abilify)FDA Link 12/01/2011 - "Aripiprazole Improved Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms in Asperger's Disorder." 08/01/2012 - "Electrocardiographic data were collected from children and adolescents participating in a 14-week, prospective, open-label study (n=25) of aripiprazole for irritability in pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified and Asperger's disorder. " 06/01/2009 - "The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness and tolerability of aripiprazole for irritability in pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) and Asperger's disorder. " 06/01/2009 - "Aripiprazole in pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified and Asperger's disorder: a 14-week, prospective, open-label study." 12/01/2011 - "This case report supports the effectiveness of aripiprazole in treatment of obsessive compulsive symptoms in Asperger's Disorder or ASDs. "
3.	tranilast (N 5')IBA 03/01/2011 - "The sample was composed of 11 children diagnosed with Autism (n=6) and Asperger syndrome (n=5) by a multidisciplinary team, that attended specialized speech-language pathology therapy at the institution were the study was carried out. " 11/01/2003 - "Six of the seven family members with this mutation had OCD (n=5) or obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (n=1) and some also met diagnostic criteria for multiple other disorders (Asperger's syndrome, social phobia, anorexia nervosa, tic disorder and alcohol and other substance abuse/dependence). " 06/01/2001 - "Six adult patients with DSM-IV and Autism Diagnostic Interview (ADI) diagnoses of autism (n = 5) and Asperger's syndrome (n = 1), entered a 16-wk placebo-controlled cross-over trial of fluoxetine. " 02/01/2002 - "Charts for 106 children and adolescents (males n = 81 or 76.4%; females n = 25 or 23.6%), presenting with attention deficit and/or hyperactivity disorder (n = 49 or 46.2%), conduct disorder (n = 13 or 12.3%), oppositional-defiant disorder (n = 5 or 4.7%), behavioural problems not otherwise specified (n = 2 or 1.9%), autism (n = 8 or 7.5%), Asperger's syndrome (n = 8 or 7.5%), pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) not otherwise specified (n = 4 or 3.8%), anxiety (n = 6 or 5.7%), depression (n = 2 or 1.9%), dysthymia (n = 2 or 1.9%), schizophrenia (n = 4 or 3.8%), adjustment disorder (n = 1 or 0.9%) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (n = 2 or 1.9%) were reviewed retrospectively to determine the tolerability and potential efficacy of risperidone treatment for a variety of psychiatric disorders. "
4.	5-HT2A Serotonin Receptor (5 HT2A Receptor)IBA 05/01/2006 - "People with Asperger's syndrome had a significant reduction in cortical 5-HT2A receptor binding in the total, anterior, and posterior cingulate; bilaterally in the frontal and superior temporal lobes; and in the left parietal lobe. " 05/01/2006 - "The authors' findings suggest that adults with Asperger's syndrome have abnormalities in cortical 5-HT2A receptor density and that this deficit may underlie some clinical symptoms." 05/01/2006 - "The authors investigated cortical 5-HT2A receptor binding in eight adults with Asperger's syndrome and in 10 healthy comparison subjects with single photon emission computed tomography and the selective 5-HT2A receptor ligand 123I iodinated 4-amino-N-[1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-4-methyl-4-piperidinyl]-5-iodo-2-methoxybenzamide (123I-5-I-R91150). " 05/01/2006 - "Cortical serotonin 5-HT2A receptor binding and social communication in adults with Asperger's syndrome: an in vivo SPECT study." 12/30/2011 - "The 5-HT(2A) receptor and serotonin transporter in Asperger's disorder: A PET study with [¹¹C]MDL 100907 and [¹¹C]DASB."
5.	MelatoninIBA 01/01/2003 - "In this open clinical trial, the effectiveness of melatonin was studied in a sample of 15 children with Asperger disorder (13 boys, 2 girls) aged 6-17 years using several questionnaires and actigraph measurements. " 01/01/2003 - "Effectiveness of melatonin in the treatment of sleep disturbances in children with Asperger disorder." 01/01/2003 - "In conclusion, melatonin may provide an interesting new and well-tolerated treatment option for children with Asperger disorder suffering from chronic insomnia. " 09/01/2011 - "The aim of this study was to investigate melatonin-related findings in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), including autistic disorder, Asperger syndrome, Rett syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorders, not otherwise specified. "
6.	ZincIBA 01/01/2011 - "Plasma from 79 autistic individuals, 52 individuals with PDD-NOS, 21 individuals with Asperger's Syndrome (all meeting DSM-IV diagnostic criteria), and 18 age and gender similar neurotypical controls, were tested for plasma zinc and copper using inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. " 01/01/2011 - "To assess plasma zinc and copper concentration in individuals with Asperger's Syndrome, Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) and autistic disorder, and to analyze the efficacy of zinc therapy on the normalization of zinc and copper levels and symptom severity in these disorders. " 01/01/2011 - "Analysis of Copper and Zinc Plasma Concentration and the Efficacy of Zinc Therapy in Individuals with Asperger's Syndrome, Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) and Autism." 01/01/2011 - "These results suggest an association between copper and zinc plasma levels and individuals with autism, PDD-NOS and Asperger's Syndrome. " 05/01/2009 - "A retrospective review of plasma zinc, serum copper and zinc/copper was performed on data from 230 children with autistic disorder, pervasive developmental disorder-NOS and Asperger's syndrome. "
7.	CopperIBA 01/01/2011 - "Plasma from 79 autistic individuals, 52 individuals with PDD-NOS, 21 individuals with Asperger's Syndrome (all meeting DSM-IV diagnostic criteria), and 18 age and gender similar neurotypical controls, were tested for plasma zinc and copper using inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. " 01/01/2011 - "To assess plasma zinc and copper concentration in individuals with Asperger's Syndrome, Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) and autistic disorder, and to analyze the efficacy of zinc therapy on the normalization of zinc and copper levels and symptom severity in these disorders. " 01/01/2011 - "Analysis of Copper and Zinc Plasma Concentration and the Efficacy of Zinc Therapy in Individuals with Asperger's Syndrome, Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) and Autism." 01/01/2011 - "These results suggest an association between copper and zinc plasma levels and individuals with autism, PDD-NOS and Asperger's Syndrome. " 05/01/2009 - "A retrospective review of plasma zinc, serum copper and zinc/copper was performed on data from 230 children with autistic disorder, pervasive developmental disorder-NOS and Asperger's syndrome. "
8.	Diazepam (Valium)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2011 - "Treatment with diazepam improved his condition and, as no causal disorders other than Asperger's disorder were identified, he was diagnosed with catatonia. "
9.	Oxytocin (Pitocin)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/2014 - "Here, we report a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that examined the neural and behavioral effects of a single dose of intranasal oxytocin on emotion recognition in individuals with Asperger syndrome (AS), a clinical condition characterized by impaired eye gaze and facial emotion recognition. " 08/01/2013 - "The present study examined the effects of oxytocin on the neural basis of face processing in adults with Asperger syndrome (AS). " 02/01/2014 - "Oxytocin promotes facial emotion recognition and amygdala reactivity in adults with asperger syndrome." 04/01/2010 - "In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design, we administered oxytocin nasal spray (18 or 24 IU) or a placebo to 16 male youth aged 12 to 19 who were diagnosed with Autistic or Asperger's Disorder. " 01/01/2003 - "This study examined the impact of oxytocin on repetitive behaviors in 15 adults with autism or Asperger's disorder via randomized double-blind oxytocin and placebo challenges. "
10.	Protons (Proton)IBA 07/01/2014 - "Increased Laterality of the Thalamus in Children and Adolescents with Asperger's Disorder: An MRI and Proton Spectroscopy Study." 11/30/2010 - "Maturation of limbic regions in Asperger syndrome: a preliminary study using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and structural magnetic resonance imaging." 10/01/2002 - "Asperger syndrome: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of brain." 01/01/2009 - "[Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in Asperger's syndrome: correlations with neuropsychological test scores]." 09/01/2007 - "Proton MR spectroscopy: higher right anterior cingulate N-acetylaspartate/choline ratio in Asperger syndrome compared with healthy controls."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Vagus Nerve Stimulation 03/01/2007 - "We describe the efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation therapy in reducing seizure severity as well as improving the behavioral components of his Asperger syndrome. " 03/01/2007 - "Effects of vagus nerve stimulation in a patient with temporal lobe epilepsy and Asperger syndrome: case report and review of the literature."
2.	Neurofeedback 03/01/2010 - "This paper summarizes data from a review of neurofeedback (NFB) training with 150 clients with Asperger's Syndrome (AS) and 9 clients with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) seen over a 15 year period (1993-2008) in a clinical setting. " 03/01/2010 - "Neurofeedback outcomes in clients with Asperger's syndrome." 01/01/2013 - "Observations from our 9-year experience of neurofeedback therapy used in children and adult patients with epilepsy, Asperger syndrome, depression, neurosis, personality disorders, drug addiction and other (not pain) syndromes have been presented in this paper. "
3.	Rehabilitation 03/18/2011 - "In the child mental health service, the number of patients with Asperger syndrome increased from 51 in 2005 to 99 in 2008 and in the habilitation services there were 32 such patients in both years assessed. " 03/01/2011 - "Using the Swedish Medical Birth Registry (MBR), obstetrical and demographic information was retrieved for 250 children with autism or Asperger syndrome who were born in Malmoe, Sweden, and enrolled at the local Child and Youth Habilitation Center. "
4.	Psychology Biofeedback (Biofeedback) 03/01/2010 - "(A second paper, Outcomes using EEG Biofeedback Training in Clients with Asperger's Syndrome, summarizes clinical outcomes obtained with more than 150 clients.) Patterns seen with QEEG assessment are then presented. " 03/01/2010 - "Functional neuroanatomy and the rationale for using EEG biofeedback for clients with Asperger's syndrome." 06/01/2005 - "This article reports the pilot study of electroencephalogram (EEG) biofeedback to improve focusing and decrease anxiety in 10 adolescent boys diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome attending a therapeutic day school. " 06/01/2005 - "Effects of electroencephalogram biofeedback with Asperger's syndrome."
5.	Acupressure (Shiatsu) 03/01/2011 - "The search phrase used was "(massage OR touch OR acupressure) AND (autistic OR autism OR Asperger's syndrome OR pervasive developmental disorder)." The references in all located articles were also searched. "