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Intracranial Thrombosis (Cerebral Thrombosis)

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Formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) in a blood vessel within the SKULL. Intracranial thrombosis can lead to thrombotic occlusions and BRAIN INFARCTION. The majority of the thrombotic occlusions are associated with ATHEROSCLEROSIS.

Also Known As:

Cerebral Thrombosis; Brain Thrombus; Cerebral Thrombus; Thrombus, Intracranial; Brain Thromboses; Cerebral Thromboses; Intracranial Thromboses; Intracranial Thrombus; Thromboses, Brain; Thromboses, Cerebral; Thromboses, Intracranial; Thrombosis, Cerebral; Thrombus, Brain; Thrombus, Cerebral; Brain Thrombosis; Thrombosis, Brain; Thrombosis, Intracranial

Networked: 247 relevant articles (9 outcomes, 26 trials/studies)

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Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Coronary Thrombosis
2.	Aneurysm (Aneurysms)
3.	Stroke (Strokes)
4.	Myocardial Infarction
5.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)

Experts

1.	Sasaki, Yasuto: 3 articles (09/2012 - 11/2002)
2.	Yamamoto, Junichiro: 3 articles (09/2012 - 11/2002)
3.	Giddings, John C: 3 articles (09/2012 - 11/2002)
4.	Xu, Feng: 3 articles (04/2009 - 12/2005)
5.	Previti, Mary Lou: 3 articles (04/2009 - 12/2005)
6.	Van Nostrand, William E: 3 articles (04/2009 - 12/2005)
7.	Kawasaki, Koh: 2 articles (07/2011 - 09/2009)
8.	Asano, Toshio: 2 articles (09/2009 - 02/2008)
9.	Ikegaki, Ichiro: 2 articles (09/2009 - 02/2008)
10.	Seto, Minoru: 2 articles (09/2009 - 02/2008)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Intracranial Thrombosis:

1.	argatroban (MPQA)FDA Link 01/01/1997 - "These results indicate that argatroban is an effective and safe drug for the treatment of acute cerebral thrombosis." 02/01/1989 - "These results suggest that MD-805 is a safe and effective agent for treatment of progressing cerebral thrombosis." 02/01/1989 - "The effects of the newly developed synthetic selective antithrombin agent MD-805 were examined in 11 patients with progressing cerebral thrombosis, as an open trial. " 01/01/2003 - "Argatroban is a unique antithrombin product developed by Japanese researchers in 1990, and is used for vascular or cerebral thrombosis. " 02/01/2000 - "The regional cerebral blood flow amelioration of argatroban in the acute stage of cerebral thrombosis."
2.	Tissue Plasminogen Activator (Alteplase)FDA Link 06/01/2003 - "Few reports describe the use of intraarterial recombinant tissue plasminogen activator to treat intracranial thrombosis in children. " 03/01/1991 - "Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rTPA) has been more effective in inducing thrombolysis in laboratory studies of intracranial thrombosis than clinical studies of systemic or coronary thrombosis would indicate. " 01/01/2012 - "Aiming to extend the 3 h therapeutic window limitation of thrombolytic drugs, a 6 h cerebral thrombosis model of common carotid artery (CCA) occlusion was induced in rabbits, and thrombolysis using TMB by intra-arterial (IA) and intravenous (IV) application combined with LFUS was then compared to untargeted microbubbles (UTMB) and recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA). " 07/01/2013 - "Recent studies have demonstrated that in acute ischemic stroke patients, thin section non-contrast CT (NCCT) can be used to determine the length of the hyperdense intracranial thrombus, and that clot length using this approach predicts the likelihood of vessel recanalization after intravenous tissue plasminogen activator. "
3.	Histidine (L-Histidine)FDA Link 03/01/1995 - "Histidine has protective effects on the brain and cardiac function during cerebral thrombosis." 09/01/1998 - "To study the effect of histidine on cerebral thrombosis and possible mechanism. " 03/01/1995 - "To observe the effects of histidine (i.v. 5 mg.kg-1) on brain edema and cardiac disturbance after cerebral thrombosis. "
4.	reteplase FDA Link 11/01/2005 - "IA reteplase with or without abciximab appeared to be the most effective regimen for achieving recanalization in our model of intracranial thrombosis. " 11/01/2005 - "We performed a preliminary feasibility and safety study using intravenous (IV) administration of a platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (abciximab) in conjunction with intraarterial (IA) administration of a thrombolytic agent (reteplase) in a primate model of intracranial thrombosis. "
5.	abciximab (ReoPro)FDA Link 11/01/2005 - "IA reteplase with or without abciximab appeared to be the most effective regimen for achieving recanalization in our model of intracranial thrombosis. " 11/01/2005 - "We performed a preliminary feasibility and safety study using intravenous (IV) administration of a platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (abciximab) in conjunction with intraarterial (IA) administration of a thrombolytic agent (reteplase) in a primate model of intracranial thrombosis. "
6.	Fibrinopeptide AIBA 01/01/2002 - "In patients with acute cerebral thrombosis, neuronal symptoms improved significantly compared with the placebo group, wherein activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) was prolonged by about 1.5-fold and fibrinopeptide A was reduced. " 12/01/1990 - "In cerebral thrombosis, fibrinogen and fibrinopeptide A levels were elevated significantly in all stages (p less than 0.001), whereas plasmin-alpha 2 plasmin inhibitor complex and D dimer levels were elevated significantly in the subacute and chronic periods. " 12/01/1990 - "We assayed plasma concentrations of fibrinogen, fibrinopeptide A, plasmin-alpha 2 plasmin inhibitor complex, D dimer, and antithrombin III activity in 40 patients with cerebral thrombosis and nine patients with cerebral embolism during the acute (less than 7 days), subacute (7-27 days), and chronic (greater than or equal to 28 days) periods and compared these with 69 controls. "
7.	GoldIBA 08/14/1897 - "Final Report of a Case of a Very Large Innominate Aneurysm: Completely Cured by the Employment of Electrolysis through Ten Feet of Snarled, Coiled, Fine Gold Wire, Introduced into the Sac; Death at the Expiration of Three and a Half Years from Cerebral Thrombosis."
8.	Prothrombin (Factor II)IBA 04/01/2007 - "Significance of factor V, prothrombin, MTHFR, and PAI-1 genotypes in childhood cerebral thrombosis." 12/01/2010 - "The presence of prothrombin 19911 A>G was investigated in a case–control study of 107 patients with cerebral thrombosis and factor V Leiden (n = 25), prothrombin 20210 GA (n = 47), without known thrombophilia (n = 35) and 842 healthy individuals with the corresponding coagulation profile. " 04/01/2007 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of factor V (FV) G1691A, prothrombin G20210A, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) 4G/5G genotypes in development of childhood cerebral thrombosis (CT). "
9.	AntibodiesIBA 10/01/2011 - "In a prospective study of 1047 recently diagnosed SLE patients, LA and anti-ribosomal P antibodies are associated with an increased future risk of intracranial thrombosis and lupus psychosis, respectively." 09/01/1993 - "During a 1-year period, sera from patients with cerebral thrombosis or transient ischemic attack without cardioembolism were investigated for antibodies against B burgdorferi. " 01/01/2013 - "Current efforts to elucidate the mechanistic underpinnings of NPSLE are focused on several different and potentially complementary pathways, including thrombosis, brain autoreactive antibodies, and complement deposition. " 10/01/2003 - "We present six children with cerebral thrombosis at the age of 0-12 months, who had IgG antibodies to beta2-GPI (titers 26, 29, 31, 39, 101 and 109 SGU, when 20 SGU was the cut-off). " 11/01/1989 - "We have described a 25-year-old woman with recurrent cerebral thrombosis associated with very high levels of antibodies against phospholipids. "
10.	Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor (Lupus Anticoagulant)IBA 08/01/1991 - "The lupus anticoagulant was associated with an increased incidence of thrombosis, particularly cerebral thrombosis. " 01/01/1985 - "Thus far cerebral thrombosis, spinal thrombosis, chorea and Guillain-Barré syndrome have been described in association with the lupus anticoagulant. " 01/01/1990 - "A 33 year old woman with severe thrombocytopenic purpura complicated by typical lupus anticoagulant developed repeated spontaneous abortion, deep venous thrombosis, and cerebral thrombosis. " 08/01/1995 - "We report the case of a woman with a primary antiphospholipid syndrome who developed benign intracranial hypertension with no actual evidence of venous cerebral thrombosis and with no other possible cause for this clinical manifestation than high titres of anticardiolipin antibodies and a lupus anticoagulant." 08/01/2004 - "The present study was designed to determine the prevalence of lupus anticoagulant (LA) antibody and several antibodies for antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) in patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT)/pulmonary embolism (PE) (n = 48), cerebral thrombosis (CT, n = 30), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, n = 22), and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP, n = 30). "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Microbubbles 01/01/2012 - "Our previous study has shown that P1 polypeptide-loaded microbubbles (clot-targeted microbubbles, TMB) are effective for thrombolysis and recanalization in a 0.5 h cerebral thrombosis rabbit model when combined with low-frequency ultrasound (LFUS, 0.8 MHz). " 01/01/2012 - "Thrombolytic effects of a combined therapy with targeted microbubbles and ultrasound in a 6 h cerebral thrombosis rabbit model." 01/01/2012 - "Aiming to extend the 3 h therapeutic window limitation of thrombolytic drugs, a 6 h cerebral thrombosis model of common carotid artery (CCA) occlusion was induced in rabbits, and thrombolysis using TMB by intra-arterial (IA) and intravenous (IV) application combined with LFUS was then compared to untargeted microbubbles (UTMB) and recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA). "
2.	Oral Administration 04/01/1985 - "Oral administration of HMW-UK has been shown to be clinically effective in patients with cerebral thrombosis in a multicenter double blind study."
3.	Thrombolytic Therapy 07/01/1990 - "Clinical effects and basic studies of thrombolytic therapy on cerebral thrombosis." 08/01/2013 - "However, fibrinolytic therapy in coronary and cerebral thrombosis is ineffective unless it is installed within 3-5 hours of the onset. " 02/01/1993 - "In conclusion, this model is a useful one for investigation of thrombolytic therapy in cerebral thrombosis." 07/01/1984 - "Thrombolytic therapy for cerebral thrombosis]." 01/01/2015 - "fib-GC-AuNP-based direct cerebral thrombus imaging greatly enhance the value and information obtainable by regular CT, has multiple uses in basic / translational vascular research, and will likely allow personalized thrombolytic therapy in clinic by a) optimizing tPA-dosing to match thrombus burden, b) enabling the rational triage of patients to more radical therapies such as endovascular clot-retrieval, and c) potentially serving as a theranostic platform for targeted delivery of concurrent thrombolysis. "
4.	Stents 10/01/2014 - "To study the relationship between intracranial thrombus length and number of stent retrievals, revascularization rates, and functional outcomes in stroke. " 09/01/2011 - "Complications upon investigation and review included internal jugular vein stent thrombosis, cerebral sinovenous thrombosis, stent migration, cranial nerve injury and injury associated with venous catheterization. "
5.	Nursing Care 02/01/1956 - "Cerebral thrombosis; a nursing care study."