Amaurosis Fugax

Transient complete or partial monocular blindness due to retinal ischemia. This may be caused by emboli from the CAROTID ARTERY (usually in association with CAROTID STENOSIS) and other locations that enter the central RETINAL ARTERY. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p245)

Also Known As:

Networked: 243 relevant articles (8 outcomes, 17 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Transient Ischemic Attack
2.	Pathologic Constriction (Stenosis)
3.	Carotid Stenosis (Carotid Artery Stenosis)
4.	Ischemia
5.	Embolism (Embolus)

Experts

1.	Wang, Ping: 4 articles (01/2012 - 07/2005)
2.	Glueck, Charles J: 3 articles (01/2012 - 02/2009)
3.	Bidot, S: 2 articles (05/2018 - 04/2018)
4.	Biotti, D: 2 articles (05/2018 - 04/2018)
5.	Jaff, Michael R: 2 articles (03/2016 - 05/2013)
6.	Nitulescu, Mihaela: 2 articles (01/2016 - 10/2015)
7.	Kosmorsky, Gregory S: 2 articles (12/2013 - 12/2007)
8.	Goldenberg, Naila: 2 articles (10/2011 - 07/2005)
9.	Hayreh, Sohan Singh: 2 articles (09/2011 - 07/2005)
10.	Kashyap, Vikram S: 2 articles (12/2007 - 02/2006)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Amaurosis Fugax:

1.	Retinaldehyde (Retinal)IBA 09/01/2012 - "Important factors contributing to delays include outpatient referrals, living farther from the hospital, and presenting with a retinal TIA (amaurosis fugax). " 01/01/2012 - "A transient painless monocular visual loss due to a decrease in retinal circulation-also known as "amaurosis fugax"-often precedes acute territorial cerebral ischaemia. " 01/01/2009 - "Amaurosis fugax is the subjective phenomenon caused by a transient and temporary ceasing of the retinal blood flow. " 12/01/2007 - "Patients with transient monocular visual loss (amaurosis fugax), retinal venous occlusion, and other ocular pathologies were excluded. " 11/01/1999 - "Provisional diagnosis on admission was amaurosis fugax from retinal embolization. "
2.	AnticoagulantsIBA 01/01/1985 - "In three cases, micro-emboli originating from a stump or an ulcerated ipsilateral common carotid artery and migrating through well-developed ECA collateral channels explained delayed episodes of ipsilateral TIAs or amaurosis fugax, which disappeared in two cases after adequate anticoagulant therapy was introduced. " 06/01/1985 - "The findings from this trial suggest that anticoagulant treatment is superior to antiplatelet therapy given in the prevention of ischemic attacks and that this difference mainly exists during the first one to 2 months after onset of transient ischemic attacks or amaurosis fugax."
3.	SteroidsIBA 09/01/2023 - "Following an intranasal steroid injection, the patient experienced an episode of amaurosis fugax in her right eye lasting several minutes. " 06/01/2003 - "The authors' current recommendation is that intravenous steroids should be given to patients with established visual loss or amaurosis fugax." 01/01/2019 - "Complete remission of transient monocular blindness was achieved after steroid pulse therapy. "
4.	Clopidogrel (Plavix)FDA Link 10/01/2013 - "Clopidogrel effective for frequent transient monocular blindness caused by vulnerable plaque."
5.	nilotinibFDA Link 08/27/2018 - "A 66-year-old woman with chronic myeloid leukaemia in nilotinib-induced remission was diagnosed with amaurosis fugax, caused by carotid stenosis. "
6.	Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/1979 - "Recent trials in the United States and Canada have demonstrated a positive clinical benefit from the employment of aspirin in patients suffering from transient cerebral ischaemic attacks and amaurosis fugax. " 07/01/1998 - "If misdiagnosed as amaurosis fugax, patients may undergo unnecessary investigations and inappropriate treatment with aspirin." 06/01/1994 - "Amaurosis fugax: prognosis and the role of acetylsalicylic acid." 01/01/1987 - "However, in six patients treated with aspirin, including three with previous platelet hyperaggregability, there was no change in the frequency of their attacks implying that the observed platelet abnormalities were not the cause of the amaurosis fugax." 05/01/1986 - "Patients with amaurosis fugax responded as well to aspirin as those with hemisphere events. "
7.	Ticlopidine (Ticlid)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/1985 - "Ticlopidine at doses of 500 mg and subsequently of 250 mg per day was administered and the attacks of "amaurosis fugax" briskly stopped. " 03/01/1985 - "[Ticlopidine and amaurosis fugax: results of treatment in a case with very frequent and typical attacks]." 01/01/1997 - "Two treatments, based on either ticlopidine or indobufen at their optimal individual daily dose (median dose: 250 and 200 mg/day, respectively), were compared in an open randomized multicenter trial in patients at risk of cerebral ischemia (men and women, aged 39 to 80 years, who had experienced in the month before entry into the study transient ischemic attack or amaurosis fugax or minor stroke). " 06/01/1994 - "Ticlopidine, an antiplatelet agent, when compared with aspirin has been found to reduce the risk of stroke in high-risk patients, ie, those with recent transient ischemic attack, reversible ischemic neurological deficit, amaurosis fugax, or minor stroke. "
8.	Estrogens (Estrogen)FDA Link 07/01/2005 - "In cases selected by the absence of abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging, significant ipsilateral internal carotid artery plaque, atrial fibrillation, or cardiac thrombus, we speculate that amaurosis fugax can be caused by reversible (by anticoagulation) retinal artery thrombi associated with heritable thrombophilia and/or hypofibrinolysis, often augmented by estrogen-driven acquired thrombophilia." 01/01/2012 - "The purpose of this research was to assess associations of thrombophilia with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), and amaurosis fugax (AF); to evaluate outcomes of normalizing high homocysteine; and to study CRVO, CRAO, and AF developing in estrogens/estrogen agonists in women subsequently shown to have thrombophilia. "
9.	Oral ContraceptivesIBA 07/01/1989 - "None of the patients in this group had had a stroke, and the clinical status at follow-up was not found to correlate with the duration of the visual loss (amaurosis fugax versus ocular infarction), frequency (single versus recurrent episodes), sex, presence of headache or heart disease, cigarette smoking, use of oral contraceptives, or abnormal findings on echocardiograms or laboratory studies. " 10/01/1993 - "In young patients episodes of amaurosis fugax usually correspond to processes not related with atherosclerosis of the extracranial vessels such as migraine, cardiac embolism, vasospasm, vasculitis, oral contraceptives or hematologic disease. "
10.	Interleukin-16 (Interleukin 16)IBA 10/01/2015 - "The aim of this study was to determine whether IL-16 measured in human carotid plaques was associated with symptoms (eg, stroke, transient ischemic attack, or amaurosis fugax), markers of plaque stability, and postoperative cardiovascular events. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 04/01/2010 - "This paper is focused on disease Amaurosis Fugax (AF), indicating the necessary urgent therapy in attack of illnesses. " 11/01/2000 - "In a 37 year old woman with recurrent right hemispheric transitory ischaemic attacks, a non-disabling minor stroke, and recurrent right amaurosis fugax despite antithrombotic therapy, cerebral angiography disclosed a long segment narrowing, distal, high grade (95%) stenosis of the right ICA and a long narrowing, distal high grade (70%) stenosis of the left ICA. " 01/01/2019 - "Complete remission of transient monocular blindness was achieved after steroid pulse therapy. " 12/01/1995 - "We report a patient with ocular ischemic syndrome, which may have had vasospasm as a contributing cause, since the patient also developed amaurosis fugax despite daily aspirin therapy. " 01/01/1985 - "In three cases, micro-emboli originating from a stump or an ulcerated ipsilateral common carotid artery and migrating through well-developed ECA collateral channels explained delayed episodes of ipsilateral TIAs or amaurosis fugax, which disappeared in two cases after adequate anticoagulant therapy was introduced. "
2.	Carotid Endarterectomy 04/01/2007 - "We thus postulated that a hemodynamic mechanism played an important role in the development of the amaurosis fugax which disappeared after carotid endarterectomy." 10/11/2001 - "The effect of carotid endarterectomy in patients who present with transient monocular blindness has not been determined. " 01/01/1994 - "Two patients with occlusion of the internal carotid artery who were experiencing repeated episodes of transient monocular blindness in the ipsilateral eye were successfully treated with external carotid endarterectomy. " 01/01/1994 - "External carotid endarterectomy for amaurosis fugax in the presence of internal carotid artery occlusion." 05/01/1992 - "When patients present with symptoms of amaurosis fugax and have demonstrable carotid bifurcation disease, carotid endarterectomy is recommended. "
3.	Endarterectomy (Thromboendarterectomy) 10/01/1988 - "ECA endarterectomy is a safe and effective operation in treating symptomatic patients with ICA occlusion, especially those with transient monocular blindness or unilateral occlusive disease. " 10/11/2001 - "The effect of endarterectomy was assessed in patients with transient monocular blindness. " 10/02/2000 - "Right-sided endarterectomy was performed because of amaurosis fugax. " 01/01/1993 - "Surgery was advised to correct amaurosis fugax, to increase external-internal collateral supply in order to avoid cerebral ischaemia and prior to contralateral ICA endarterectomy. " 10/01/1987 - "The other two experienced amaurosis fugax for 2-3 weeks at 2 and 24 weeks; scanning showed that the sites of both endarterectomies had become occluded. "
4.	Contraindications 05/01/2003 - "This protocol appears effective in cases of probable embolus in a young patient with no contraindications and when flow is not reestablished (amaurosis fugax), or when the required 6-hour time delay is respected."
5.	Secondary Prevention 01/01/2003 - "Randomised long term secondary prevention trials with concealed treatment allocation, treatment for > 1 month, starting within 6 months after presentation of a arterial vascular disease were selected (coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, retinopathy, nephropathy, peripheral arterial disease, stroke, TIA, amaurosis fugax). " 01/01/1997 - "The antithrombotic therapy with acetylsalicylic acid is a fundamental of secondary prevention of vascular events, especially in nonfatal myocardial infarction, instable angina pectoris, stroke and in patients with amaurosis fugax. "