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Vestibular Neuronitis (Vestibular Neuritis)

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Idiopathic inflammation of the VESTIBULAR NERVE, characterized clinically by the acute or subacute onset of VERTIGO; NAUSEA; and imbalance. The COCHLEAR NERVE is typically spared and HEARING LOSS and TINNITUS do not usually occur. Symptoms usually resolve over a period of days to weeks. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p304)

Also Known As:

Vestibular Neuritis; Acute Peripheral Vestibulopathy; Acute Vestibular Neuritis; Episodic Recurrent Vertigo; Recurrent Vestibular Neuritis; Recurrent Vestibulopathy; Subacute Vestibular Neuritis; Vestibular Nerve Inflammation; Vestibular Nerve Neuritis; Vestibular Neuropathy; Acute Peripheral Vestibulopathies; Acute Vestibular Neuritides; Epidemic Neurolabyrinthitides; Episodic Recurrent Vertigos; Inflammation, Vestibular Nerve; Inflammations, Vestibular Nerve; Nerve Inflammation, Vestibular; Nerve Inflammations, Vestibular; Nerve Neuritides, Vestibular; Nerve Neuritis, Vestibular; Neuritides, Acute Vestibular; Neuritides, Recurrent Vestibular; Neuritides, Subacute Vestibular; Neuritides, Vestibular; Neuritides, Vestibular Nerve; Neuritis, Acute Vestibular; Neuritis, Recurrent Vestibular; Neuritis, Subacute Vestibular; Neuritis, Vestibular Nerve; Neurolabyrinthitides, Epidemic; Neurolabyrinthitis, Epidemic; Neuronitides, Vestibular; Neuropathies, Vestibular; Neuropathy, Vestibular; Peripheral Vestibulopathies, Acute; Peripheral Vestibulopathy, Acute; Recurrent Vertigo, Episodic; Recurrent Vertigos, Episodic; Recurrent Vestibular Neuritides; Recurrent Vestibulopathies; Subacute Vestibular Neuritides; Vertigo, Episodic Recurrent; Vertigos, Episodic Recurrent; Vestibular Nerve Inflammations; Vestibular Nerve Neuritides; Vestibular Neuritides; Vestibular Neuritides, Acute; Vestibular Neuritides, Recurrent; Vestibular Neuritides, Subacute; Vestibular Neuritis, Acute; Vestibular Neuritis, Recurrent; Vestibular Neuritis, Subacute; Vestibular Neuronitides; Vestibular Neuropathies; Vestibulopathies, Acute Peripheral; Vestibulopathies, Recurrent; Vestibulopathy, Acute Peripheral; Vestibulopathy, Recurrent; Epidemic Neurolabyrinthitis; Neuritis, Vestibular; Neuronitis, Vestibular

Networked: 150 relevant articles (16 outcomes, 12 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Vertigo (Positional Vertigo)
2.	Nausea
3.	Meniere Disease (Menieres Disease)
4.	Dizziness (Lightheadedness)
5.	Bell Palsy (Bell's Palsy)

Experts

1.	Strupp, Michael: 13 articles (09/2014 - 07/2004)
2.	Brandt, Thomas: 13 articles (07/2013 - 07/2004)
3.	Dieterich, Marianne: 4 articles (07/2013 - 07/2004)
4.	Gacek, Richard R: 4 articles (01/2013 - 02/2002)
5.	Strupp, M: 3 articles (09/2013 - 10/2001)
6.	Zhang, Hua: 2 articles (02/2015 - 04/2014)
7.	Yu, Lisheng: 2 articles (02/2015 - 04/2014)
8.	Shi, Dongmei: 2 articles (02/2015 - 04/2014)
9.	Yuan, Qing: 2 articles (02/2015 - 04/2014)
10.	Ke, Xingxing: 2 articles (02/2015 - 04/2014)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Vestibular Neuronitis:

1.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 07/01/2013 - "In acute vestibular neuritis, recovery of the peripheral vestibular function can be improved by treatment with oral corticosteroids. " 11/01/2009 - "Recovery from vestibular neuritis is due to a combination of (a) peripheral restoration of labyrinthine function, usually incomplete but can be improved by early treatment with corticosteroids, which cause a recovery rate of 62% within 12 months; (b) mainly somatosensory and visual substitution; and (c) central compensation, which can be improved by vestibular exercise." 07/01/2009 - "In vestibular neuritis recovery of the peripheral vestibular function can be improved by treatment with oral corticosteroids. " 02/01/2006 - "Peripheral vestibular disorders: In vestibular neuritis recovery of the peripheral vestibular function can be improved by treatment with oral corticosteroids. " 07/01/2013 - "Corticosteroids improve recovery from acute vestibular neuritis (one controlled, several noncontrolled studies); the risk of recurrence is 2-12%. "
2.	Betahistine (Serc)IBA 02/01/2013 - "Although progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of most peripheral vestibular disorders, more state-of-the-art trials are needed on the treatment of bilateral vestibulopathy to prove the efficacy of balance training, of vestibular neuritis (in terms of recovery of peripheral vestibular function and central compensation), of vestibular paroxysmia to prove the effects of carbamazepine, and of Menière's disease to find the optimal dosage of betahistine." 12/01/2015 - "Clinical studies and meta-analyses demonstrated that betahistine is effective and safe in the treatment of Ménière's disease, BPPV (benign paroxysmal positional vertigo), vestibular neuronitis, and other types of peripheral vertigo. " 01/01/2008 - "Betahistine was significantly more often prescribed for "unspecified" dizziness, vestibular neuritis, and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo; but not for Meniere's disease. " 06/01/2012 - "Comparison of the therapeutic efficacy of a fixed low-dose combination of cinnarizine and dimenhydrinate with betahistine in vestibular neuritis: a randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority study." 07/01/2011 - "Thus, although progress has been made in the treatment of vestibular neuritis, some forms of pathological nystagmus, and EA 2, controlled, masked trials are still needed to evaluate treatments for many vestibular and ocular motor disorders, including betahistine for Ménière's disease, oxcarbazepine for vestibular paroxysmia, or metoprolol for vestibular migraine."
3.	Benign paroxysmal positional vertigoIBA 10/01/2012 - "Some of the important recent advances include: (1) improved imaging of the brain and inner ear, (2) development of new eye movement recording and analysis techniques, (3) development of new tests of otolith function, (4) particle repositioning maneuvers for all types of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, and (5) improved bedside diagnosis and treatment of vestibular neuritis. " 05/01/2014 - "The aim of this study was to present the demographic, pathogenetic and clinical features of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) secondary to vestibular neuritis (VN). " 03/01/2015 - "The ability to detect spontaneous nystagmus is useful in vestibular diagnosis, both in support of a diagnosis of vestibular neuritis and in avoiding false positive diagnoses of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo." 05/01/2014 - "Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo secondary to vestibular neuritis." 01/01/2013 - "We studied whether mental rotation is impaired in patients suffering from two different forms of unilateral vestibular disorders (vestibular neuritis - VN - and Benign Paroxysmal positional Vertigo - BPPV) with respect to healthy matched controls (C). "
4.	Carbamazepine (Tegretol)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/2013 - "Although progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of most peripheral vestibular disorders, more state-of-the-art trials are needed on the treatment of bilateral vestibulopathy to prove the efficacy of balance training, of vestibular neuritis (in terms of recovery of peripheral vestibular function and central compensation), of vestibular paroxysmia to prove the effects of carbamazepine, and of Menière's disease to find the optimal dosage of betahistine." 09/01/2013 - "Considerable advances have been made in the pharmacotherapy of vertigo disorders during the last 10 years, including cortisone for the treatment of acute vestibular neuritis, betahistine as a high-dose long-term treatment for Menière's disease, carbamazepine to treat vestibular paroxysmia and aminopyridine for down- and upbeat nystagmus and episodic ataxia type 2. " 01/01/2013 - "Considerable advances have been made in the treatment of vertigo disorders in the last 10 years, e.g., cortisone for the treatment of acute vestibular neuritis, betahistine as a high-dosage, long-term treatment for Menière's disease, carbamazepine to treat vestibular paroxysmia and aminopyridine for downbeat nystagmus and episodic ataxia type 2." 07/01/2009 - "In vestibular neuritis, recovery of the peripheral vestibular function can be improved by oral corticosteroids; in Menière's disease, there is first evidence that high-dose, long-term administration of betahistine reduces attack frequency; carbamazepine or oxcarbamazepine is the treatment of first choice in vestibular paroxysmia, a disorder mainly caused by neurovascular cross-compression; the potassium channel blocker aminopyridine provides a new therapeutic principle for treatment of downbeat nystagmus, upbeat nystagmus, and episodic ataxia type 2." 03/01/2011 - "Examples of such causal therapy include aminopyridines for downbeat nystagmus and episodic ataxia type 2; carbamazepine for vestibular paroxysmia, paroxsymal dysarthria and ataxia in multiple sclerosis, and superior oblique myokymia; betahistine, dexamethasone, and gentamicin for Menière's disease; gabapentin and memantine for different forms of acquired and congenital nystagmus; corticosteroids for acute vestibular neuritis and Cogan's syndrome; metoprolol and topiramate for vestibular migraine; and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as paroxetine for phobic postural vertigo. "
5.	Methylprednisolone FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2004 - "Methylprednisolone, starting at 100 mg/d and tapering to 10 mg over 3 weeks, is an effective treatment for vestibular neuritis. " 05/19/2008 - "Methylprednisolone significantly improves the recovery of peripheral vestibular function in patients with vestibular neuritis. " 10/01/2001 - "(3) Preliminary results of an interim analysis from an ongoing randomized, prospective study showed that methylprednisolone (plus an antiviral agent?) may be useful for improving peripheral vestibular function in vestibular neuritis." 07/22/2004 - "We performed a prospective, randomized, double-blind, two-by-two factorial trial in which patients with acute vestibular neuritis were randomly assigned to treatment with placebo, methylprednisolone, valacyclovir, or methylprednisolone plus valacyclovir. " 11/25/2004 - "Methylprednisolone, valacyclovir, or both for vestibular neuritis."
6.	valacyclovir (valaciclovir)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2004 - "Steroid is effective for vestibular neuritis, valacyclovir is not." 07/01/2012 - "Prophylactic valacyclovir in a patient with recurrent vestibular disturbances secondary to vestibular neuritis." 07/22/2004 - "We performed a prospective, randomized, double-blind, two-by-two factorial trial in which patients with acute vestibular neuritis were randomly assigned to treatment with placebo, methylprednisolone, valacyclovir, or methylprednisolone plus valacyclovir. " 11/25/2004 - "Methylprednisolone, valacyclovir, or both for vestibular neuritis." 11/25/2004 - "Methylprednisolone, valacyclovir, or both for vestibular neuritis."
7.	CortisoneIBA 02/01/2005 - "In the treatment of vestibular neuritis two studies showed that cortisone treatment was effective for restoring labyrinthine function. " 01/01/2007 - "Cortisone is useful, for example, for acute vestibular neuritis to improve the restitution of the labyrinthine function. " 02/01/2005 - "These include potassium channel blockers for the treatment of downbeat nystagmus, early cortisone treatment to improve recovery of the labyrinth function in vestibular neuritis, and intratympanic gentamicin treatment for Meniere's disease. " 09/01/2013 - "Considerable advances have been made in the pharmacotherapy of vertigo disorders during the last 10 years, including cortisone for the treatment of acute vestibular neuritis, betahistine as a high-dose long-term treatment for Menière's disease, carbamazepine to treat vestibular paroxysmia and aminopyridine for down- and upbeat nystagmus and episodic ataxia type 2. " 01/01/2013 - "Considerable advances have been made in the treatment of vertigo disorders in the last 10 years, e.g., cortisone for the treatment of acute vestibular neuritis, betahistine as a high-dosage, long-term treatment for Menière's disease, carbamazepine to treat vestibular paroxysmia and aminopyridine for downbeat nystagmus and episodic ataxia type 2."
8.	Dexamethasone (Maxidex)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2015 - "The Effect of Intravenous Dexamethasone on the Nausea Accompanying Vestibular Neuritis: A Preliminary Study." 11/01/2015 - "We undertook a preliminary assessment of the efficacy of administering intravenous dexamethasone (DEX) for relieving the nausea and dizziness accompanying vestibular neuritis (VN). " 08/15/2010 - "Treatment of vertigo includes the Epley maneuver (canalith repositioning) and vestibular rehabilitation for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, intratympanic dexamethasone or gentamicin for Meniere disease, and steroids for vestibular neuritis. " 03/01/2011 - "Examples of such causal therapy include aminopyridines for downbeat nystagmus and episodic ataxia type 2; carbamazepine for vestibular paroxysmia, paroxsymal dysarthria and ataxia in multiple sclerosis, and superior oblique myokymia; betahistine, dexamethasone, and gentamicin for Menière's disease; gabapentin and memantine for different forms of acquired and congenital nystagmus; corticosteroids for acute vestibular neuritis and Cogan's syndrome; metoprolol and topiramate for vestibular migraine; and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as paroxetine for phobic postural vertigo. "
9.	Dimenhydrinate (DMH)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2012 - "Comparison of the therapeutic efficacy of a fixed low-dose combination of cinnarizine and dimenhydrinate with betahistine in vestibular neuritis: a randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority study."
10.	Cinnarizine (Cinna)IBA 06/01/2012 - "Comparison of the therapeutic efficacy of a fixed low-dose combination of cinnarizine and dimenhydrinate with betahistine in vestibular neuritis: a randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority study."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 08/01/2010 - "The authors retrospectively studied 2 cases of vascular compressive vestibular neuropathy about clinical characteristics, auditory tests, vestibular tests and imaging examine results, pharmacotherapy results and reviewed the related documents. " 01/01/2014 - "To review the current knowledge of the aetiology of vestibular neuritis including viral infections, vascular occlusion, and immunomediated mechanisms and to discuss the pathogenesis with relevance to pharmacotherapy. " 09/01/2013 - "Considerable advances have been made in the pharmacotherapy of vertigo disorders during the last 10 years, including cortisone for the treatment of acute vestibular neuritis, betahistine as a high-dose long-term treatment for Menière's disease, carbamazepine to treat vestibular paroxysmia and aminopyridine for down- and upbeat nystagmus and episodic ataxia type 2. "
2.	Hearing Aids (Hearing Aid) 01/18/2012 - "Regarding the ear, we will discuss the role of nasal corticoids in Eustachian tube dysfunction, the treatment of vestibular neuronitis, the role of the bone-anchored hearing aid, or the vestibular implant. "
3.	Eye Protective Devices (Goggles) 09/30/2014 - "Third, the intensity of the peripheral vestibular spontaneous nystagmus-in 6 patients with acute vestibular neuritis-with the Frenzel goggles and the Fresnel-based device with the 4-fold magnification was compared. "
4.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 11/01/2002 - "Twenty-three patients (10 men, 13 women, mean age 45.57 years, mean length of disease 99.48 days, mean treatment 38.61 days), with vertigo due to vestibular neuritis, underwent VAT testing before and after treatment with 5 mg of flunarizine daily. "