Paraparesis

Mild to moderate loss of bilateral lower extremity motor function, which may be a manifestation of SPINAL CORD DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; MUSCULAR DISEASES; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; parasagittal brain lesions; and other conditions.

Also Known As:

Paraparesis, Cerebral; Paraparesis, Chronic Progressive; Paraparesis, Hypotonic; Paraparesis, Spinal; Cerebral Paraparesis; Chronic Progressive Paraparesis; Hypotonic Paraparesis; Parapareses; Progressive Paraparesis, Chronic; Spinal Paraparesis

Networked: 508 relevant articles (42 outcomes, 10 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Neurologic Manifestations (Neurological Manifestations)
2.	Pain (Aches)
3.	Arachnoiditis
4.	Paralysis (Palsy)
5.	Paraplegia (Spastic Paraplegia)

Experts

1.	Coselli, Joseph S: 5 articles (01/2022 - 11/2002)
2.	Kakinohana, Manabu: 4 articles (04/2006 - 11/2002)
3.	Kurimoto, Yoshihiko: 3 articles (03/2022 - 06/2007)
4.	Kölbel, Tilo: 3 articles (01/2022 - 11/2018)
5.	Preventza, Ourania: 3 articles (01/2022 - 07/2014)
6.	Tsilimparis, Nikolaos: 3 articles (01/2022 - 11/2018)
7.	Zhou, Qing: 3 articles (01/2022 - 11/2018)
8.	Kusama-Eguchi, Kuniko: 3 articles (11/2019 - 03/2010)
9.	Lambein, Fernand: 3 articles (11/2019 - 03/2010)
10.	LeMaire, Scott A: 3 articles (11/2019 - 11/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Paraparesis:

1.	SteroidsIBA 06/01/1994 - "Her paraparesis improved again with steroid. " 01/01/2013 - "This case indicates that long-term steroid use has the potential to induce paraparesis. " 06/01/2012 - "Subacute steroid-induced paraparesis: surgical treatment of a devastating "invisible" side effect." 01/01/2020 - "Paraparesis gradually improved following steroid pulse therapy for five days. " 06/01/1994 - "A pulse therapy of steroid improved her vision and paraparesis. "
2.	Warfarin (Coumadin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2018 - "The authors describe the case of a 69-year-old patient taking warfarin in the therapeutic range for a mechanic mitral valve, who developed chest pain with cervical and dorsal radiation, and experienced sudden paraparesis of the limbs. " 11/01/2013 - "We describe the case of a 76-year-old man on warfarin therapy who presented with severe lower back pain and flaccid paraparesis. " 08/01/2014 - "The paraparesis score was significantly improved in the rivaroxaban-pretreated group compared with the warfarin-pretreated group. " 01/01/2014 - "Paraparesis and intracerebral hemorrhage volume were significantly improved in the dabigatran-pretreated group compared with the warfarin-pretreated group. " 12/25/2016 - "Despite attempts to reverse the effects of warfarin with vitamin K administration, the paraparesis progressed to paraplegia, necessitating urgent surgical removal of the hematoma. "
3.	GlucocorticoidsIBA 01/01/1982 - "Remission of the paraparesis coincident with glucocorticoid replacement has not been reported previously." 11/01/2019 - "Our results implicated increased glucocorticoid and neuroinflammation in the motor dysfunction (paraparesis) exhibited by the stress loaded rat models of neurolathyrism." 02/01/1993 - "After cyclophosphamide and glucocorticoid therapy, both her acute deficits and chronic paraparesis improved. " 12/01/2016 - "A 19-yr-old captive male Syrian bear ( Ursus arctos syriacus) presented with a right hind limb lameness that progressed to nonambulatory paraparesis over the course of 2 wk. When night enclosure confinement and a short course of glucocorticoids and antibiotics did not lead to improvement, radiographs were performed, followed by cerebrospinal fluid analysis and myelography, revealing a dynamic spinal cord compression at the level of T2-T3. "
4.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 01/01/2020 - "We describe the case of a 53-year-old man with a history of progressive paraparesis that worsened abruptly after an epidural corticosteroid injection. " 12/01/2006 - "A female who was treated with oral corticoids for more than 4 years developed progressive paraparesis over the course of 2 years. " 04/20/2023 - "We present the case of a young female patient, treated in the last two months with corticosteroids and antifungal drug for pulmonary aspergillosis, who developed progressive paraparesis. " 01/01/2020 - "Acute Paraparesis after Epidural Corticosteroid Injection Revealing Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistula in a HIV Patient." 02/01/2003 - "He suffered recurrent paraparesis, at times with a sensory level indicating spinal cord compression, which responded to corticosteroid therapy. "
5.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 06/01/2009 - "The patient was discharged from the hospital with mild paraparesis and continuing antibiotic therapy recommended." 08/06/2005 - "Soon after the start of antibiotic therapy the paraparesis began to improve and after four weeks the patient had made a complete recovery. " 07/01/2022 - "The cat's clinical condition deteriorated rapidly despite appropriate antibiotic treatment and it was euthanased 2 weeks after initial presentation due to development of severe paraparesis and ataxia. " 01/01/2016 - "Even after an acute onset of paraparesis or quadriparesis, appropriate antibiotic therapy and prompt surgery can provide reasonably good outcomes in these patients. " 02/01/1978 - "Based on the results obtained from 4 cases of postoperative severe meningitis presented here, the authors concluded as follows: 1) Special care must be taken for intrathecal injection of antibiotics because of causing paralytic ileus, convulsion and paraparesis of the lower limbs. "
6.	Methotrexate (Mexate)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2018 - "Paraparesis in PsA patient in treatment with methotrexate. " 12/01/2018 - "Complete clinical and functional recovery following low-dose methotrexate related paraparesis in a patient with compound c.1298A>C AND c.677C>T MTHFR polymorphism: A case report." 08/01/1999 - "Reported are three children who developed progressive paraparesis after intrathecal methotrexate administration followed by complete or partial recovery. " 09/16/2019 - "During the three courses of chemotherapy with high-dose methotrexate (MTX) with leucovorin rescue, he developed a right abducens palsy, left oculomotor palsy, left facial palsy, right trigeminal sensory disturbance, and paraparesis. " 01/01/2002 - "A 3-year-old girl with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) in remission developed lower extremity paraparesis and areflexia 15 days after receiving intrathecal methotrexate, cytarabine, and hydrocortisone. "
7.	Cytarabine (Cytosar-U)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/1977 - "Paraparesis following intrathecal cytosine arabinoside: a case report with neuropathologic findings." 01/01/2002 - "A 3-year-old girl with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) in remission developed lower extremity paraparesis and areflexia 15 days after receiving intrathecal methotrexate, cytarabine, and hydrocortisone. " 05/01/2011 - "Paraplegia and paraparesis from intrathecal methotrexate and cytarabine contaminated with trace amounts of vincristine in China during 2007."
8.	Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)FDA LinkGeneric 12/15/1997 - "Cyclophosphamide (CY) administration to induce immunosuppression in the Fuk line-inoculated rats increased the frequency of paraparesis (70%), but decreased the frequency of tumors (20%). " 02/01/1993 - "After cyclophosphamide and glucocorticoid therapy, both her acute deficits and chronic paraparesis improved. " 07/01/2022 - "This was a retrospective case series of patients of refractory post TB arachnoiditis leading to paraparesis and vision loss who received cyclophosphamide as an adjuvant therapy along with standard ATT and corticosteroids. "
9.	Intravenous Immunoglobulins (IVIG)FDA Link 09/01/2004 - "The adynamic ileus resolved and the paraparesis improved with gastric aspiration and intravenous immunoglobulin administration, only to worsen eighty days later. " 12/15/2018 - "With intensive care treatment, respiratory support, steroids, and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), patient survived with residual flaccid paraparesis. "
10.	Penicillins (Penicillin)FDA Link 05/01/1991 - "Complete recovery followed a course of high-dose intravenous penicillin therapy, emphasizing the treatable nature of this cause of paraparesis." 10/24/1987 - "With antibiotics (penicillin G 20 millions units per day for 10 days, followed by latamoxef 1.5 g per day for 3 months) and prednisone (50 mg per day for 2 months), the cerebellar signs disappeared, the paraparesis improved and the CSF abnormalities disappeared; blood and CSF anti-Borrelia antibody levels decreased. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 12/01/2019 - "The patient was commenced on antiretroviral therapy and paraparesis started resolving." 09/01/2013 - "The therapy brought some improvement but paraparesis of lower extremities remained. " 10/01/2012 - "He developed paraparesis 2 weeks after commencing adjuvant therapy. " 01/01/2001 - "Coagulopathy induced spinal haemorrhage should be included in the differential diagnosis of acute paraparesis in patients with co-existent haematological disorders or undergoing anticoagulation therapy. " 11/15/1991 - "Flaccid paraparesis developed before therapy was started. "
2.	Laminectomy 07/01/2019 - "Dorsal laminectomy at T3/4 resulted in resolution of paraparesis and marked improvement in coordination and strength. " 09/01/2001 - "Laminectomy and partial excision were performed, and the paraparesis improved. " 01/01/2017 - "She was operated immediately with wide laminectomy and posterior instrumentation because of the paraparesis of both lower extremities. " 01/01/2014 - "Herniation of the thoracic cord, documented on MR, may produce symptomatic paraparesis which may resolve following laminectomy with ventral dural repair." 02/01/2006 - "Transient paraparesis after laminectomy for thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and ossification of the ligamentum flavum."
3.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 09/01/2002 - "The patient exhibited flaccid paraparesis of the lower extremities (without sensory or vegetative signs), followed by a worsening after further chemotherapy, due to pulmonary metastatization. " 10/01/1999 - "Postoperatively her paraparesis resolved, and good control over the disease was achieved by chemotherapy. " 01/01/1993 - "After chemotherapy, these abnormalities resolved, as did the paraparesis and incontinence." 08/01/1983 - "This provides a sufficient explanation for many cases of paraparesis following intrathecal chemotherapy." 08/01/1983 - "Paraparesis following intrathecal chemotherapy."
4.	Decompression 11/08/2023 - "She required decompression and instrumented occipitocervical stabilization, suffering from residual paraparesis. " 07/01/2015 - "The third surgery was posterior decompression of the spinal cord due to the rapidly escalating paraparesis. " 07/01/2012 - "There was one paraparesis in the anteroposterior group necessitating urgent re-decompression, with a full recovery. " 08/01/2010 - "Transient paraparesis after anterior decompression in a patient with ossification of the cervical posterior longitudinal ligament." 02/01/2008 - "Two-staged decompression for thoracic paraparesis due to the combined ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and the ligamentum flavum: a case report."
5.	Radiotherapy 08/01/1989 - "Radiation therapy of the spinal cord was performed, and the paraparesis gradually improved. " 07/01/1986 - "Immediate surgical treatment, either alone or combined with radiation therapy, may prevent paraparesis in patients with incipient cord compression. " 05/01/1990 - "These results were most significant in patients with paraparesis, where 47% of those who received combined therapy improved compared to 17% (P = .06) and 9% (P = .009) in the surgical and radiotherapy groups, respectively. " 01/01/2015 - "In cases of progressive paraparesis, there should be immediate surgical intervention in the case of denovo disease, followed by combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy procedures. " 01/01/2014 - "Surgical decompression and radiotherapy are effective approaches for the treatment of paraparesis due to EMH. "