Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome

An idiopathic syndrome characterized by the formation of granulation tissue in the anterior cavernous sinus or superior orbital fissure, producing a painful ophthalmoplegia. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p271)

Also Known As:

Networked: 120 relevant articles (1 outcomes, 2 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Inflammation
2.	Migraine Disorders (Migraine)
3.	Paralysis (Palsy)
4.	Pain (Aches)
5.	Orbital Pseudotumor

Experts

1.	Versino, Maurizio: 2 articles (06/2010 - 01/2009)
2.	Colnaghi, Silvia: 2 articles (06/2010 - 01/2009)
3.	Gladstone, Jonathan P: 2 articles (08/2007 - 08/2004)
4.	Sommer, C: 2 articles (10/2004 - 05/2003)
5.	Lee, Jong-Myong: 1 article (01/2016)
6.	Koh, Eun-Jeong: 1 article (01/2016)
7.	Park, Jung-Soo: 1 article (01/2016)
8.	He, Yanjin: 1 article (06/2015)
9.	Li, Xiaorong: 1 article (06/2015)
10.	Hao, Rui: 1 article (06/2015)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome:

1.	SteroidsIBA 03/01/1999 - "As she improved on high doses of steroids a diagnosis of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (THS) seemed to be indicated. " 09/01/2007 - "Therapy for Tolosa-Hunt syndrome are systemic steroids. " 08/01/1975 - "The clinical picture associated with the venographic findings and response to steroids are characteristic of the Tolosa-Hunt syndrome." 06/16/2012 - "Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (THS) is an idiopathic condition involving unilateral eye pain with involvement of oculomotor nerves which responds well to treatment with steroids. " 01/01/2011 - "Recurrent multiple cranial neuropathies, neuroimaging findings, and long-lasting headache that responded to steroids indicated Tolosa-Hunt syndrome, further confirmed by extensive investigation and a long follow-up to exclude other causes. "
2.	painful OphthalmoplegiaIBA 12/01/1989 - "Neurological and radiological studies in painful ophthalmoplegia: Tolosa-Hunt syndrome and orbital pseudotumour." 06/01/2015 - "A total of 22 patients diagnosed with painful ophthalmoplegia and Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (THS) in our hospital were retrospectively studied. " 03/01/2015 - "Corrections to "Validation of ICHD-3 beta diagnostic criteria for 13.7 Tolosa-Hunt syndrome: analysis of 77 cases of painful ophthalmoplegia"." 11/01/2014 - "Painful ophthalmoplegia: a case of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome." 02/01/2013 - "We describe a patient with a subacute presentation of painful ophthalmoplegia, ultimately diagnosed as Tolosa-Hunt syndrome, a rare inflammatory process of the cavernous sinus. "
3.	MethylprednisoloneFDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2010 - "A prospective multicentre study to evaluate the consistency of the IHS diagnostic criteria, the usefulness of brain MRI for the diagnosis, follow-up and treatment management, and the outcome after high dosage 6-methylprednisolone therapy, in subjects with Tolosa-Hunt syndrome."
4.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 10/01/2004 - "Tolosa Hunt syndrome is judged to be caused by a granulomatous infiltration in the cavernous sinus, treatment consists in corticosteroids. " 09/01/2002 - "Tolosa-Hunt syndrome was suspected, and the patient was treated with high-dose corticosteroids. " 06/01/1973 - "The condition described here is responsive to corticosteroids and it is also inferred that there may be a clinicopathological spectrum encompassing both the Tolosa Hunt syndrome and pseudotumour of the orbit." 08/01/2007 - "Inflammatory conditions such as Tolosa-Hunt syndrome and orbital pseudotumor are highly responsive to corticosteroids but should be diagnoses of exclusion." 08/01/2004 - "Inflammatory conditions such as Tolosa-Hunt syndrome and orbital pseudotumor are highly responsive to corticosteroids, but should be diagnoses of exclusion."
5.	Prednisolone (Predate)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/1995 - "Under tentative diagnosis of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (THS), oral prednisolone 60 mg was given daily. " 11/01/1993 - "Tolosa-Hunt syndrome was diagnosed and high dose prednisolone was given. " 02/01/1990 - "Diagnosis of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome was made on the basis of neurological symptoms, roentgenographic findings and responsiveness to prednisolone. " 04/01/1993 - "Under the diagnosis of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome, she had been placed on prednisolone (30 mg/day) in another hospital, leading to exacerbation of her neurologic manifestations. "
6.	GadoliniumIBA 06/01/2006 - "A fat-suppressed (selective partial inversion recovery, SPIR) gadolinium-enhanced MRI favours the detection of inflammatory pathological tissue inside the right cavernous sinus, and in this patient it suggested a diagnosis of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. " 07/01/1992 - "We concluded that Tolosa-Hunt syndrome may be accompanied by damage of other cranial nerves in its course and that repeated gadolinium-enhanced MRIs are necessary for diagnosis and observation of the patients." 06/01/2011 - "Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an inflammatory pseudotumor of the right cavernous sinus after intravenous gadolinium administration, indicating a rare idiopathic inflammatory disorder of the cavernous sinus, i.e., Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. " 05/01/2000 - "The Tolosa-Hunt syndrome consists of a painful ophthalmoplegia related to a granulomatous inflammatory process in the cavernous sinus, which may be documented by cerebral magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium enhancement. "
7.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 12/01/2005 - "There have been reported cases with bacterial infection resulting pseudo Tolosa-Hunt syndrome, which have good response to antibiotics treatment with excellent prognosis. " 08/01/1981 - "A tentative diagnosis of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome was made after an unproductive search for a cause for this woman's painful ophthalmoplegia and unsuccessful treatment of ophthalmoplegia with antibiotics or diet therapy for mild hyperglycemia. "
8.	tebufenozide (Mimic)IBA 04/01/2001 - "However, the extracranial manifestations of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (THS) may mimic several of these symptoms. " 09/06/2003 - "Lymphomas involving the cavernous sinus may mimic a Tolosa-Hunt syndrome and hence delay diagnosis. "
9.	Gadolinium DTPA (Magnevist)FDA Link 04/01/1995 - "Gadopentetate dimeglumine-enhanced MR in the diagnosis of the Tolosa-Hunt syndrome."
10.	Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA)IBA 07/01/1993 - "Two patients with recurrent painful ophthalmoplegia due to granulomatous involvement of the intracavernous sinus (Tolosa-Hunt syndrome) had circulating anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies with a granular cytoplasmic immunofluorescence pattern during a flare-up of the disease. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Radiotherapy 04/01/2005 - "Long-term cure of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome after low-dose focal radiotherapy." 12/01/2000 - "Radiotherapy in a case of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome."
2.	Renal Dialysis (Hemodialysis) 01/01/1993 - "Tolosa-Hunt syndrome complicated with chronic hemodialysis."
3.	Diet Therapy (Therapy, Diet) 08/01/1981 - "A tentative diagnosis of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome was made after an unproductive search for a cause for this woman's painful ophthalmoplegia and unsuccessful treatment of ophthalmoplegia with antibiotics or diet therapy for mild hyperglycemia. "
4.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 03/01/2003 - "Tolosa-Hunt syndrome: MRI before and after treatment."