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Migraine with Aura (Familial Hemiplegic Migraine)

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A subtype of migraine disorder, characterized by recurrent attacks of reversible neurological symptoms (aura) that precede or accompany the headache. Aura may include a combination of sensory disturbances, such as blurred VISION; HALLUCINATIONS; VERTIGO; NUMBNESS; and difficulty in concentrating and speaking. Aura is usually followed by features of the COMMON MIGRAINE, such as PHOTOPHOBIA; PHONOPHOBIA; and NAUSEA. (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)

Also Known As:

Familial Hemiplegic Migraine; Hemiplegic Migraine, Familial; Classical Migraine; Migraine, Classical; Complicated Migraine; Acute Onset Aura Migraine; Basilar Artery Migraine; Basilar Migraine; Migraine Aura without Headache; Migraine with Acute Onset Aura; Migraine with Prolonged Aura; Migraine with Typical Aura; Migraine, Prolonged Aura; Typical Aura without Headache; Basilar Migraines; Basilar Type Migraine; Familial Hemiplegic Migraines; Migraine with Auras; Migraine, Basilar; Migraine, Basilar Artery; Migraine, Basilar-Type; Migraine, Complicated; Prolonged Aura Migraine; Basilar-Type Migraine; Classic Migraine; Migraine, Classic

Networked: 658 relevant articles (35 outcomes, 88 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Nervous System Diseases: 6158
- Central Nervous System Diseases: 1649
  - Brain Diseases: 2114
    - Headache Disorders: 626
      - Primary Headache Disorders: 158
        Migraine Disorders: 9777
        Migraine with Aura: 658
        familial type 2 Hemiplegic migraine: 14

Related Diseases

1.	Migraine Disorders (Migraine)
2.	Headache (Headaches)
3.	Epilepsy (Aura)
4.	Migraine without Aura (Common Migraine)
5.	Pain (Aches)

Experts

1.	van den Maagdenberg, Arn M J M: 35 articles (08/2015 - 09/2003)
2.	Ferrari, Michel D: 30 articles (08/2015 - 09/2003)
3.	Pietrobon, Daniela: 13 articles (01/2015 - 02/2002)
4.	Olesen, Jes: 10 articles (08/2015 - 05/2002)
5.	Griffiths, Lyn R: 10 articles (02/2015 - 02/2004)
6.	Goadsby, Peter J: 9 articles (05/2015 - 03/2002)
7.	Frants, Rune R: 9 articles (03/2014 - 09/2003)
8.	van den Maagdenberg, A M J M: 7 articles (09/2015 - 09/2004)
9.	Ayata, Cenk: 7 articles (08/2015 - 04/2011)
10.	Koenderink, Jan B: 7 articles (12/2013 - 05/2005)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Migraine with Aura:

1.	FlunarizineIBA 01/01/1989 - "Flunarizine i.v. in the acute treatment of common or classical migraine attacks--a placebo-controlled double blind trial." 05/01/1985 - "This was supported by a study in twenty patients with classical migraine who were, after a drug-free running-in phase, orally treated with either placebo or flunarizine (10 mg at night) for three to four months. " 03/01/1985 - "This was supported by a study in 20 patients with classical migraine who were, after a drug free run-in phase, orally treated with either placebo or flunarizine (10 mg at night) for 3 to 4 months. " 11/01/1992 - "[Severe case of basilar migraine treated with flunarizine]." 01/01/1986 - "Effect of flunarizine on regional cerebral blood flow in common and complicated migraine. "
2.	ginkgolide BIBA 05/01/2009 - "Efficacy of Ginkgolide B in the prophylaxis of migraine with aura." 05/01/2009 - "In a multicentric, open, preliminary trial, we evaluated the use of ginkgolide B, a herbal constituent extract from Ginkgo biloba tree leaves, in the prophylactic treatment of migraine with aura (MA). " 06/01/2010 - "Finally, ginkgolide B has proved significantly effective in controlling migraine with aura and pediatric migraine in uncontrolled studies that need a confirmation." 05/01/2013 - "In this open trial we evaluated the possible efficacy of Ginkgolide B in the treatment of acute aura in a group of patients suffering from migraine with aura, considering in particular the effect of the treatment on aura duration. " 01/01/2015 - "Recent studies show anxiolytic properties of ginkgolide A, migraine with aura treatment by ginkgolide B, a reduction in ischemia-induced glutamate excitotoxicity by bilobalide, and an alternative antihypertensive property of quercetin, among others. "
3.	Verapamil (Calan)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/2006 - "Treatment for presumptive migraine with aura with verapamil nearly eradicated symptoms in both patients. " 11/13/2001 - "Familial hemiplegic migraine and its abortive therapy with intravenous verapamil." 09/01/1992 - "Intravenous verapamil in acute migraine with prolonged aura." 11/01/2006 - "Oral verapamil is recommended for patients with familial hemiplegic migraine and may be effective in patients with sporadic hemiplegic migraine. " 12/01/2004 - "The present review deals with recent scientific studies according to which: The SHM prevalence is estimated to be 0.005%; SHM patients have clinical symptoms identical to patients with familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) and significantly different from patients with migraine with typical aura (typical MA); SHM affected had no increased risk of migraine without aura (MO), but a highly increased risk of typical MA compared to the general population; SHM patients only rarely have mutations in the FHM gene CACNA1A; SHM attacks in some cases can be treated with Verapamil. "
4.	zolmitriptan (Zomig)FDA Link 07/01/2002 - "Zolmitriptan is effective in the treatment of migraine associated with menses and migraine with aura. " 08/01/1999 - "Zolmitriptan is effective in the treatment of migraine associated with menses and migraine with aura. " 05/01/2012 - "Our study suggests that frovatriptan is superior to zolmitriptan in the immediate treatment of patients with migraine with aura, and it is capable of maintaining its acute analgesic effect over 48 h." 05/01/2012 - "The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of frovatriptan 2.5 mg and zolmitriptan 2.5 mg in the treatment of migraine with aura. " 05/01/2012 - "Frovatriptan versus zolmitriptan for the acute treatment of migraine with aura: a subgroup analysis of a double-blind, randomized, multicenter, Italian study."
5.	Ion Channels (Ion Channel)IBA 04/01/2005 - "Genetic studies have begun to provide plausible targets for the basic molecular defect in terms of ion channels, albeit thus far in the rare condition of familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM). " 06/01/2004 - "Studies of gene associations, neuromuscular transmission, cerebellar functions, neuronal excitability and metabolism and certain drug effects suggest indeed that ionic channels play a pathogenic role in migraine with aura patients. " 10/01/2012 - "Acid-sensing ion channel 1: a novel therapeutic target for migraine with aura." 05/01/2008 - "Finally, the three identified ion-channel genes that can cause familial hemiplegic migraine provide very strong evidence of genetics. " 10/01/2001 - "Familial hemiplegic migraine: a ion channel disorder."
6.	Sumatriptan (Imigran)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/1992 - "The efficacy of the selective 5HT1-like agonist sumatriptan in acute treatment of classical migraine (i.e. " 05/01/1999 - "Prolonged migraine aura without headache arrested by sumatriptan. " 09/01/1994 - "One hundred seventy-one patients (88 receiving 6 mg sumatriptan, 83 receiving placebo) treated a single attack of migraine with typical aura at home, by self-injection. " 05/12/1993 - "Subcutaneous sumatriptan 4 mg is an effective and well-tolerated acute treatment in adult patients with moderate to severe common or classical migraine. " 01/25/1993 - "[Sumatriptan (Imigran) and migraine with aura--is the price still too high?]."
7.	MagnesiumIBA 06/01/2002 - "In the migraine with aura group patients receiving magnesium sulphate presented a statistically significant improvement of pain and of all associated symptoms compared with controls. " 06/01/2002 - "Our data support the idea that magnesium sulphate can be used for the treatment of all symptoms in migraine with aura, or as an adjuvant therapy for associated symptoms in patients with migraine without aura." 06/01/2002 - "Intravenous magnesium sulphate in the acute treatment of migraine without aura and migraine with aura. " 06/01/2002 - "This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study assesses the effect of magnesium sulphate on the pain and associated symptoms in patients with migraine without aura and migraine with aura. " 10/01/2011 - "There was no significant difference between the mean level of serum magnesium in patients with migraine with aura and without aura, however, there was a significant linear relationship between the amount of serum magnesium and the frequency of headache. "
8.	frovatriptan (Allegro)FDA Link 05/01/2012 - "Our study suggests that frovatriptan is superior to zolmitriptan in the immediate treatment of patients with migraine with aura, and it is capable of maintaining its acute analgesic effect over 48 h." 05/01/2012 - "The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of frovatriptan 2.5 mg and zolmitriptan 2.5 mg in the treatment of migraine with aura. " 01/01/2015 - "Efficacy of frovatriptan as compared to other triptans in migraine with aura." 05/01/2012 - "Frovatriptan versus zolmitriptan for the acute treatment of migraine with aura: a subgroup analysis of a double-blind, randomized, multicenter, Italian study."
9.	Propranolol (Inderal)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/1987 - "Children aged 6 to 12 years with classic migraine who had no previous specific treatment were randomized into propranolol (at 3 mg/kg/d) or placebo groups for a 3-month period and then crossed over for 3 months. " 03/01/1982 - "An occurrence of complicated migraine during propranolol therapy." 01/01/1981 - "Basilar artery migraine in a child: excellent response to propranolol." 03/01/1980 - "Considerations on the use of propranolol in complicated migraine." 06/29/1974 - "Propranolol seems to be an effective prophylactic for common and classic migraine but the antimigraine properties of the various beta-blocking agents probably differ."
10.	CalciumIBA 12/01/1997 - "Familial hemiplegic migraine: involvement of a calcium neuronal channel." 05/01/1985 - "Flunarizine, a slow-channel calcium blocker, appeared to be effective in the prophylactic treatment of common and classic migraine in 29 out-patients included in a double-blind clinical trial. " 03/09/2011 - "Our present study investigated the molecular basis of this effect in wild-type (WT) mice and Ca(V)2.1 α1 R192Q mutant knock-in (KI) mice expressing a human mutation causing familial hemiplegic migraine type 1. Single-cell calcium imaging of WT cultures revealed functional BK receptors in neurons only, suggesting a paracrine action by BK to release a soluble mediator responsible for its effects on SGCs. " 06/01/2004 - "In familial hemiplegic migraine, new mutations have been described in chromosome 1q23, leading to a haploinsufficiency of the sodium/potassium pump, producing an increase in intracellular calcium, similar to the CACNA1A mutation. " 09/01/2001 - "Many patients with familial hemiplegic migraine have a missense mutation in the P/Q calcium channel, so that this form of migraine, at least, is associated with a demonstrable calcium channelopathy. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 03/01/2005 - "Recurrence of migraine with aura due to tacrolimus therapy in a liver transplant recipient successfully treated with sirolimus substitution." 03/01/2005 - "We report the case of a female liver transplant recipient who developed a recurrence of severe migraine with aura while on tacrolimus therapy with subsequent remission of headache following discontinuation of tacrolimus and substitution with sirolimus therapy. "
2.	Intravenous Infusions 10/01/2010 - "Fourteen patients suffering exclusively from migraine with typical aura (MA) and 11 healthy volunteers received a continuous intravenous infusion of 1.5 µg/min CGRP over 20 minutes. " 09/01/1999 - "In order to clarify whether the same is true for migraine with aura, in the present study we examined the headache response to intravenous infusion of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) (0.5 microg/kg/min for 20 min) in 12 sufferers of migraine with aura. " 08/01/2004 - "Based on the work of the Copenhagen Group we administered an intravenous infusion of 0.5 microg/kg/min glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) to 44 migraineurs, 23 migraine without aura, 21 migraine with aura, and to 12 healthy controls. "
3.	Resuscitation 01/01/1985 - "Clinical trials utilizing Mg as a therapeutic tool to treat refractory arrhythmias, digitalis toxicity-associated arrhythmias, myocardial infarctions, diabetic angiopathy, transient ischemic attacks, cerebral resuscitation, hypertension and 'classical' migraine are under way, and to an extent have been successful. "
4.	Ambulatory Care (Outpatient Care) 08/01/2006 - "Of 423 patients reporting tension/stress headache at study entry, 84% (n = 357) were diagnosed at the clinic visit as fulfilling IHS criteria for migraine without aura or migraine with aura, and 65% (n = 276) were diagnosed with migraine only (i.e., with no other concurrent headache diagnosis). "
5.	Decompression 01/01/2011 - "At our institution during 2008-2009, 101 patients underwent PFO closure: 81 patients (80%) underwent PFO closure for cerebrovascular events, 12 patients (12%) for migraine with aura, eight patients for systemic embolisation (8%), three patients (3%) for decompression illness and one patient underwent PFO closure for platypnea-orthodexia syndrome. " 02/01/2001 - "While conducting research in divers with decompression illness, it was our impression that divers with a large shunt often had a history of migraine with aura in everyday life and after dives. " 03/09/2011 - "Several pathologies have been related to PFO as paradoxical embolism, migraine with aura and decompression illness in divers. " 04/01/2006 - "Pulmonary hypertension and entities like decompression illness, migraine with aura or plathypnea-orthodeoxia have been found to have a higher prevalence of PFO with RLSh. " 06/01/2015 - "Divers with a history of cerebral, spinal, inner-ear or cutaneous decompression illness, migraine with aura, a family history of PFO or atrial septal defect and those with other forms of congenital heart disease are considered to be at higher risk. "