Central Nervous System Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis of the brain, spinal cord, or meninges (TUBERCULOSIS, MENINGEAL), most often caused by MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS and rarely by MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS. The infection may be limited to the nervous system or coexist in other organs (e.g., TUBERCULOSIS, PULMONARY). The organism tends to seed the meninges causing a diffuse meningitis and leads to the formation of TUBERCULOMA, which may occur within the brain, spinal cord, or perimeningeal spaces. Tuberculous involvement of the vertebral column (TUBERCULOSIS, SPINAL) may result in nerve root or spinal cord compression. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp717-20)

Also Known As:

Networked: 40 relevant articles (2 outcomes, 1 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Tuberculoma
2.	Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
3.	HIV Infections (HIV Infection)
4.	Tuberculosis (Tuberculoses)
5.	Infarction (Infarctions)

Experts

1.	Friedland, Jon S: 3 articles (01/2021 - 01/2007)
2.	Elkington, Paul T: 2 articles (03/2019 - 01/2007)
3.	Graeber, Manuel B: 2 articles (02/2007 - 01/2007)
4.	Harris, James E: 2 articles (02/2007 - 01/2007)
5.	Horncastle, Donna E: 2 articles (02/2007 - 01/2007)
6.	Jacob, Mboka: 1 article (03/2022)
7.	Mango, Mechris: 1 article (03/2022)
8.	Minja, Frank: 1 article (03/2022)
9.	Saleh, Mwajabu A: 1 article (03/2022)
10.	Tu, Long: 1 article (03/2022)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Central Nervous System Tuberculosis:

1.	Ofloxacin (Ofloxacine)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1989 - "This case demonstrates the efficacy of ofloxacin against central nervous system tuberculosis."
2.	Adenosine DeaminaseIBA 01/15/2021 - "CSF adenosine deaminase levels can be helpful in determining the presence of central nervous system tuberculosis when other systemic signs of disease are lacking."
3.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 10/23/2020 - "We describe 2 cases of HIV-negative patients with corticosteroid-refractory paradoxical reactions of central nervous system tuberculosis. " 01/01/2009 - "Central nervous system tuberculosis and adjuvant corticosteroid therapy." 06/01/2012 - "A life-threatening central nervous system-tuberculosis inflammatory reaction nonresponsive to corticosteroids and successfully controlled by infliximab in a young patient with a variant of juvenile idiopathic arthritis." 01/01/2007 - "The frequency of sequelae at 1 year were noted and the role of various demographic (age, sex, duration of illness, BCG vaccination), clinical (weakness, seizure, extra central nervous system tuberculosis, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, cranial nerve palsy, stage, corticosteroid, drug-induced hepatitis, shunt surgery), and laboratory findings (erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), CSF cell and protein, CT scan evidences of hydrocephalus, basal exudates, infarctions and tuberculoma) at presentation were evaluated employing logistic regression analysis. "
4.	Infliximab (Remicade)FDA Link 10/13/2023 - "Immortal Time Bias for Infliximab in Central Nervous System Tuberculosis." 12/31/2021 - "Infliximab for Paradoxical Reactions in Pediatric Central Nervous System Tuberculosis." 11/17/2023 - "Effectiveness of Adjunctive High-Dose Infliximab Therapy to Improve Disability-Free Survival Among Patients With Severe Central Nervous System Tuberculosis: A Matched Retrospective Cohort Study." 06/01/2012 - "A life-threatening central nervous system-tuberculosis inflammatory reaction nonresponsive to corticosteroids and successfully controlled by infliximab in a young patient with a variant of juvenile idiopathic arthritis."
5.	Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs)IBA 01/01/2021 - "Neutrophil-Mediated Immunopathology and Matrix Metalloproteinases in Central Nervous System - Tuberculosis." 03/18/2019 - "Matrix Metalloproteinases in Pulmonary and Central Nervous System Tuberculosis-A Review." 01/15/2007 - "Monocyte-astrocyte networks regulate matrix metalloproteinase gene expression and secretion in central nervous system tuberculosis in vitro and in vivo."
6.	Thalidomide (Thalomid)FDA Link 01/01/2021 - "Thalidomide, an anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agent, has a potential role in cases with central nervous system tuberculosis (CNS-TB) with paradoxical reactions. " 01/01/2021 - "Efficacy and Safety of Thalidomide in Patients with Complicated Central Nervous System Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." 01/01/2021 - "Thalidomide Use for Complicated Central Nervous System Tuberculosis in Children: Insights From an Observational Cohort." 11/01/2018 - "Clinical perspectives into the use of thalidomide for central nervous system tuberculosis."
7.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)FDA Link 06/01/2005 - "This protein was earlier reported to be present in the blood of patients with extra-central nervous system tuberculosis. " 01/01/2007 - "The frequency of sequelae at 1 year were noted and the role of various demographic (age, sex, duration of illness, BCG vaccination), clinical (weakness, seizure, extra central nervous system tuberculosis, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, cranial nerve palsy, stage, corticosteroid, drug-induced hepatitis, shunt surgery), and laboratory findings (erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), CSF cell and protein, CT scan evidences of hydrocephalus, basal exudates, infarctions and tuberculoma) at presentation were evaluated employing logistic regression analysis. " 01/01/2022 - "Through gene difference analysis, construction of a protein interaction network and tissue specific analysis and other bioinformatics analysis methods, we found out the relatively high expression of important substances in the central nervous system, interferon induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1. Subsequently, the lesion tissue and the resection margin tissue away from the lesion were collected from the 6 cases of central nervous system tuberculosis patients diagnosed from 2019 to 2020, and the pathological manifestations were observed by Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining, and the expression of IFIT1 was verified by immunohistochemistry. "
8.	Rifampin (Rifampicin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2023 - "Angiopep-2 Modified Exosomes Load Rifampicin with Potential for Treating Central Nervous System Tuberculosis." 01/01/2018 - "Successful rapid oral desensitization for dual hypersensitivity to isoniazid and rifampin while treating central nervous system tuberculosis."
9.	Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (Gelatinase B)IBA 02/01/2007 - "Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity is implicated in pathogenesis of central nervous system tuberculosis (CNS-TB). "
10.	CytokinesIBA 05/01/2001 - "Diagnostic value of cytokine measurement in cerebrospinal fluid in children with central nervous system tuberculosis."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 11/23/2011 - "In the present study, we analyzed spontaneous T lymphocyte (PBT) apoptosis in the peripheral blood of children with central nervous system tuberculosis (CNS TB), before and after chemotherapy, and compared the results with healthy controls. " 08/01/1995 - "Paradoxical progression of tuberculous lesions during chemotherapy of central nervous system tuberculosis. " 06/01/2000 - "Around 1% of patients with central nervous system tuberculosis develop intracranial tuberculomas some weeks or months after the beginning of the specific treatment with tuberculostatic chemotherapy. "
2.	Therapeutics 01/01/2023 - "When central nervous system tuberculosis is suspected, further diagnostic testing should be done and therapy started as soon as possible to prevent mortality and morbidity." 06/01/2021 - "Central nervous system tuberculosis (CNS-TB) is the most severe form of the disease especially due to the inability of therapeutics to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). " 01/01/2019 - "We present a series of six cases of children with central nervous system tuberculosis who received anti-tuberculous therapy for a period varying between 23 and 32 months depending on the resolution of lesion seen in neuroradiological scans of the patients. " 01/01/2013 - "There is limited data on pediatric central nervous system tuberculosis (CNSTB) in Saudi Arabia on diagnosis and therapy. " 11/01/1999 - "Paradoxical enlargement of lymph nodes during therapy of central nervous system tuberculosis."
3.	Organ Transplantation 03/01/2022 - "Most literature has reported Central nervous system tuberculosis in patients with immunosuppression such as from HIV infection or solid organ transplantation; however, in endemic areas, CNS tuberculoma should be a differential consideration even for immunocompetent patients presenting with ring enhancing lesion (s). "
4.	Duration of Therapy 01/01/2019 - "While anti-tuberculous therapy is of absolute necessity for the treatment of central nervous system tuberculosis, no clear guidelines exist regarding the duration of therapy in case of persistent tuberculomas. "