Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia (Watermelon Stomach)

A distinct vascular lesion in the PYLORIC ANTRUM that is characterized by tortuous dilated blood vessels (ectasia) radiating outward from the PYLORUS. The vessel pattern resembles the stripes on the surface of a watermelon. This lesion causes both acute and chronic GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE.

Also Known As:

Networked: 148 relevant articles (18 outcomes, 2 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia (Watermelon Stomach)
2.	Hemorrhage
3.	Liver Cirrhosis (Hepatic Cirrhosis)
4.	Systemic Scleroderma (Systemic Sclerosis)
5.	Angiodysplasia

Experts

1.	Kortan, Paul: 3 articles (06/2014 - 06/2005)
2.	Yamazaki, Katsu: 3 articles (07/2012 - 06/2005)
3.	Akaike, Jun: 3 articles (07/2012 - 06/2005)
4.	Sato, Takahiro: 3 articles (07/2012 - 06/2005)
5.	Lee, Desiree Ji Re: 2 articles (07/2015 - 04/2015)
6.	Canziani, Maria Eugênia: 2 articles (07/2015 - 04/2015)
7.	Cendoroglo, Miguel: 2 articles (07/2015 - 04/2015)
8.	Pestana, José Osmar Medina: 2 articles (07/2015 - 04/2015)
9.	Fragata, Juliana: 2 articles (07/2015 - 04/2015)
10.	Draibe, Sergio: 2 articles (07/2015 - 04/2015)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia:

1.	Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/2010 - "Cyclophosphamide: a novel treatment of gastric antral vascular ectasia associated with systemic sclerosis?" 10/01/2015 - "Intravenous cyclophosphamide as a therapeutic option for severe refractory gastric antral vascular ectasia in systemic sclerosis." 08/01/2009 - "Improvement of severe systemic sclerosis-associated gastric antral vascular ectasia following immunosuppressive treatment with intravenous cyclophosphamide." 08/01/2009 - "We describe 3 patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) with severe, transfusion-dependent gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) refractory to laser ablation who showed remarkable clinical and endoscopic improvement following intravenous (IV) pulse cyclophosphamide (CYC) treatment. " 08/01/2001 - "Gastric antral vascular ectasia in systemic sclerosis: complete resolution with methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide."
2.	imatinib (Gleevec)FDA Link 11/01/2015 - "Imatinib is generally well tolerated, but gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) remains a rare but significant complication of imatinib therapy. " 11/01/2015 - "Imatinib-induced gastric antral vascular ectasia in three patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia." 05/01/2012 - "Gastric antral vascular ectasia in a patient with GIST after treatment with imatinib: case report and literature review." 05/01/2012 - "We present a previously unreported adverse effect of imatinib, gastric antral vascular ectasia, in a 74-year-old woman with gastrointestinal stromal tumor in remission treated with adjuvant imatinib. " 11/01/2015 - "[Watermelon stomach: Chronic renal failure and/or imatinib?]."
3.	Octreotide (Sandostatin)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/1998 - "Unsuccessful octreotide treatment of the watermelon stomach." 11/01/1999 - "We treated 17 patients (seven had isolated angiodysplasia, seven had multiple upper and lower gastrointestinal angiodysplasia, and three had watermelon stomach) with octreotide (0. " 11/01/1999 - "To determine the efficacy of octreotide in patients with long-standing gastrointestinal bleeding due to acquired angiodysplasia and watermelon stomach, resistant to previous treatments and not suitable for surgery because of old age and/or concomitant disorders. " 11/01/1999 - "Octreotide is a safe drug that may be useful to control the recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding due to acquired angiodysplasia and watermelon stomach, especially in patients who are not candidates for surgery due to old age and/or concomitant disorders."
4.	Tranexamic Acid (AMCA)FDA Link 07/01/2009 - "Pharmacotherapy for gastric antral vascular ectasia: dramatic response to tranexamic acid." 05/01/1998 - "Tranexamic acid may be a useful treatment for refractory bleeding due to gastric antral vascular ectasia in patients with cirrhosis." 05/01/1998 - "Tranexamic acid for severe bleeding gastric antral vascular ectasia in cirrhosis."
5.	Thalidomide (Thalomid)FDA Link 01/01/2014 - "Evidence that thalidomide is effective in recurrent bleeding from watermelon stomach associated with liver cirrhosis." 04/01/2006 - "Treatment of chronic transfusion-dependent gastric antral vascular ectasia (watermelon stomach) with thalidomide."
6.	NeodymiumIBA 01/01/2006 - "Efficacy of neodymium:YAG laser therapy for gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) following hematopoietic cell transplant." 01/01/2006 - "We determined the incidence of severe bleeding from gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) after myeloablative hematopoietic cell transplant and the outcomes after treatment with endoscopic neodymium:YAG laser photocoagulation. " 07/01/1997 - "The case of a patient who underwent repeated sessions of neodymium: yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser therapy over a five-year period for the treatment of the watermelon stomach is presented. "
7.	Hemoglobins (Hemoglobin)IBA 01/01/1992 - "Pigmented vascular lesions such as angioma or watermelon stomach are ideally suited for laser therapy using a wavelength preferentially absorbed by hemoglobin. " 04/01/2009 - "To determine the efficacy of Argon Plasma Coagulation (APC) in terms of improvement in hemoglobin level and disappearance of telangiectasia as endoscopic treatment for Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia (GAVE) and Diffuse Antral Vascular Ectasia (DAVE) syndrome in liver cirrhosis. "
8.	Blue rubber bleb nevus syndromeIBA 06/01/1992 - "It has been effective for sporadic vascular malformations, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu disease), radiation proctocolitis, the blue rubber-bleb nevus syndrome, and diffuse gastric antral vascular ectasia (the watermelon stomach). "
9.	Diffuse systemic sclerosisIBA 04/01/2013 - "Gastric antral vascular ectasia and its clinical correlates in patients with early diffuse systemic sclerosis in the SCOT trial." 04/01/2013 - "To describe the prevalence and clinical correlates of endoscopic gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE; "watermelon stomach") in early diffuse systemic sclerosis (SSc). "
10.	IronIBA 08/15/2008 - "Our series indicates that watermelon stomach should be considered when unexplained iron-deficiency anaemia occurs in SSc patients. " 01/01/2004 - "It is suggested that the diagnostic possibility of Gastric antral vascular ectasia should be considered in any elderly patient, more so in females, with persistent unexplained Iron deficiency anaemia." 04/01/1994 - "Eight patients (six women and two men) were found to have iron deficiency anaemia due to diffuse gastric antral vascular ectasia. " 06/23/1986 - "Antral vascular ectasia is a rarely described condition; it is a cause of blood loss and iron deficiency anaemia, particularly in the elderly. " 01/01/2010 - "Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) syndrome is an uncommon but well-described cause of recurrent upper gastrointestinal bleeding or iron deficiency anaemia. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Argon Plasma Coagulation 03/01/2004 - "Argon plasma coagulation is a safe and effective alternative to the currently available endoscopic modalities of treatment for gastric antral vascular ectasia." 06/01/2001 - "Our results show that argon plasma coagulation is an effective and safe treatment for gastrointestinal blood loss due to GAVE syndrome (watermelon stomach). " 11/01/2014 - "The traditional endoscopic treatment for gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is argon plasma coagulation, but results are not always positive. " 03/01/2011 - "Long-term effect of argon plasma coagulation (APC) in the treatment of gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE)." 07/11/2009 - "Due to its easy use and low complication rates, argon plasma coagulation (APC) it is most common method of endoscopic treatment for gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE). "
2.	Solid-State Lasers 01/01/2004 - "Nd:YAG laser induces long-term remission in transfusion-dependent patients with watermelon stomach." 02/01/1995 - "This study reports on the first EUS description of watermelon stomach, as well as the clinical, endoscopic, and EUS response to Nd:YAG laser therapy. " 05/01/1996 - "[The endoscopic Nd-YAG laser treatment of the "watermelon stomach"]." 02/01/1995 - "Three patients with watermelon stomach, diagnosed by endoscopy and histology, were studied with EUS before and after Nd:YAG laser treatment. " 02/01/1995 - "To date, the endosonographic (EUS) appearance of watermelon stomach is unknown, and few reports have described the effectiveness of Nd:YAG lasers in the treatment of this condition. "
3.	Laser Coagulation 09/01/1996 - "Laser coagulation is safe and effective treatment for anaemia due to watermelon stomach and should be considered as first line therapy." 04/01/2000 - "Histological estimation of the efficacy of endoscopic laser coagulation therapy for diffuse antral vascular ectasia." 06/01/1989 - "Laser coagulation for watermelon stomach appears to be safe and efficacious and may be a therapeutic alternative for this disorder." 04/01/2000 - "We present the case of a 72-year-old woman with successful control of repeated episodes of bleeding from diffuse antral vascular ectasia (DAVE) by laser coagulation therapy. "
4.	Ligation 07/01/2013 - "Band ligation of gastric antral vascular ectasia is a safe and effective endoscopic treatment." 06/01/2015 - "Gastric antral vascular ectasia: a prospective study of treatment with endoscopic band ligation." 03/16/2013 - "Massive gastric antral vascular ectasia successfully treated by endoscopic band ligation as the initial therapy." 03/01/2012 - "[Endoscopic band ligation, for gastric antral vascular ectasia: report of two cases]." 05/01/2009 - "Endoscopic band ligation for the treatment of gastric antral vascular ectasia."
5.	Transplants (Transplant) 05/01/2015 - "Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation for APC refractory gastric antral vascular ectasia using the HALO90 system in a kidney transplant candidate." 09/01/1996 - "Bleeding from gastric antral vascular ectasia in marrow transplant patients." 03/01/2015 - "Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant for systemic sclerosis improves anemia from gastric antral vascular ectasia." 07/01/2013 - "Post-transplant gastric antral vascular ectasia after intra-venous busulfan regimen." 01/01/2006 - "Efficacy of neodymium:YAG laser therapy for gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) following hematopoietic cell transplant."