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Venous Thrombosis (Deep-Vein Thrombosis)

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The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein.

Also Known As:

Deep-Vein Thrombosis; Deep Venous Thrombosis; Thrombosis, Deep-Vein; Thrombosis, Venous; Deep-Venous Thrombosis; Deep Vein Thromboses; Deep Venous Thromboses; Deep-Vein Thromboses; Deep-Venous Thromboses; Phlebothromboses; Thromboses, Deep Vein; Thromboses, Deep Venous; Thromboses, Deep-Vein; Thromboses, Deep-Venous; Thromboses, Venous; Thrombosis, Deep Venous; Thrombosis, Deep-Venous; Vein Thromboses, Deep; Vein Thrombosis, Deep; Venous Thromboses; Venous Thromboses, Deep; Venous Thrombosis, Deep; Deep Vein Thrombosis; Phlebothrombosis; Thrombosis, Deep Vein

Networked: 11976 relevant articles (633 outcomes, 1389 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Cardiovascular Diseases: 37259
- Vascular Diseases: 10289
  - Embolism and Thrombosis: 69
    - Thrombosis: 46697
      - Venous Thrombosis: 11976
        Retinal Vein Occlusion: 1230
        Thrombophlebitis: 1225
        Budd-Chiari Syndrome: 844
        Postthrombotic Syndrome: 100
        Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis: 86

Related Diseases

1.	Pulmonary Embolism
2.	Thrombosis (Thrombus)
3.	Stroke (Strokes)
4.	Hemorrhage
5.	Venous Thromboembolism

Experts

1.	Rosendaal, F R: 77 articles (10/2015 - 01/2000)
2.	Rosendaal, Frits R: 74 articles (03/2015 - 01/2002)
3.	Henke, Peter K: 32 articles (11/2015 - 11/2002)
4.	Wakefield, Thomas W: 30 articles (04/2015 - 11/2002)
5.	Büller, Harry R: 28 articles (04/2015 - 04/2002)
6.	Prins, Martin H: 28 articles (02/2015 - 04/2002)
7.	Palareti, Gualtiero: 23 articles (11/2015 - 09/2002)
8.	Prandoni, Paolo: 23 articles (02/2015 - 04/2002)
9.	Bertina, R M: 23 articles (10/2010 - 03/2000)
10.	Rosing, Jan: 21 articles (08/2014 - 07/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Venous Thrombosis:

1.	Heparin (Liquaemin)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/1988 - "The purpose of this prospective, randomized study was to evaluate the efficacy of low-dose heparin, alone or in combination with electric stimulation, in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in C2 to T11 motor complete and incomplete-preserved motor, nonfunctional spinal cord injured patients. " 01/01/1991 - "Native heparin was very effective in models of arterial and venous thrombosis as well as in a model demonstrating the effect on endothelial stability in rats. " 01/01/1984 - "Although the results are not statistically significant, this study suggests that a single dose of heparin given intravenously during operation is a safe and effective means of prophylaxis against deep-vein thrombosis in patients who undergo general surgical procedures. " 02/26/1982 - "Further studies with larger numbers of patients are required in order to show a significant reduction in the incidence of post-operative deep vein thrombosis in hip surgery patients receiving low-dose adjusted heparin." 08/15/1998 - "The administration of subcutaneous heparin according to a weight-based algorithm allows the rapid achievement of effective and safe anticoagulation in patients with deep venous thrombosis."
2.	Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin (Heparin, Low Molecular Weight)IBA 04/01/1999 - "The results have been very encouraging and suggest that the use of subcutaneous LMWH in highly selected, uncomplicated venous thrombosis patients is as safe and effective as intravenous UFH, and that most patients can be treated as outpatient or be discharged early. " 01/01/1997 - "This study confirmed that a very low dose of 1750 anti-Xa IU daily of this new LMWH is as effective as 10,000 IU of UFH for preventing postoperative deep vein thrombosis. " 05/15/1997 - "In recent years low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) have proven to be effective and safe both for prophylactic (3) and therapeutic treatment (4) of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). " 01/01/1994 - "[Comparative study of the efficacy of a low dose of antivitamin K and a preventive dose of low molecular weight heparin in the prevention of relapses of deep venous thrombosis after curative treatment in the aged subject]." 02/01/1997 - "Evidence from randomized clinical trials demonstrates that LMWH is effective in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in high-risk orthopedic patients. "
3.	Warfarin (Coumadin)FDA LinkGeneric 10/13/1997 - "Treatment with warfarin was most effective in preventing recurrent arterial and venous thrombosis. " 01/01/2004 - "In low risk patients who have not previously failed warfarin, moderate intensity anticoagulation (target international normalized ratio [INR] 2.5) is as effective as, and safer than, high intensity anticoagulation (INR 3.5), at least for patients with venous thrombosis. " 11/21/1987 - "The lack of disturbance of normal haemostasis at the time of operation together with a significant reduction in deep vein thrombosis may encourage surgeons to introduce minidose prophylaxis with warfarin." 10/01/1989 - "Finally, recent studies have shown that lower doses of warfarin than previously recommended are protective against recurrent venous thrombosis and have a reduced risk of hemorrhagic complications." 04/01/1994 - "This pilot study compared the efficacy of a fixed 2 mg/d dose of warfarin versus an adjusted higher dose of warfarin for 1 month after discharge to prevent the development of proximal leg deep venous thrombosis among recently discharged orthopedic patients. "
4.	Enoxaparin (Lovenox)FDA LinkGeneric 07/15/1994 - "To determine the most effective and safe dose of enoxaparin to prevent deep venous thrombosis in high-risk surgical patients. " 10/22/2005 - "Pentasaccharide, an indirect anti-Xa, has proved effective in curing deep-vein thrombosis and more effective than enoxaparin for prophylactic treatment after orthopedic surgery. " 07/15/1994 - "After surgery, enoxaparin, 40 mg once daily or 30 mg every 12 hours, is more effective than a regimen of 10 mg once daily to prevent deep venous thrombosis in patients having elective hip replacement surgery. " 04/02/1992 - "We conclude that a fixed dose regimen of enoxaparin, started post-operatively, is an effective and safe regimen for reducing the frequency of deep vein thrombosis after major knee surgery." 01/01/1990 - "This study indicates that fixed-dose enoxaparin begun post-operatively is effective and safe for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis in patients undergoing elective hip replacement."
5.	fibrin fragment D (D-dimer)IBA 01/01/2003 - "Because of its high negative predictive value, D-Dimer is an important parameter in the exclusion of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) but it produces a high number of false-positive results. " 01/01/2002 - "Quantitative d-dimer levels may be very helpful in establishing the diagnosis of venous thrombosis. " 02/01/1999 - "D-dimer positive patients had significantly greater frequencies of venous thromboses (21.9% vs 4.8%, p = 0.035). " 10/17/1998 - "To investigate the efficacy of using a rapid plasma D-dimer test as an adjunct to compression ultrasound for diagnosing clinically suspected deep vein thrombosis. " 10/01/2012 - "D-dimer (DD) assays are effective for the exclusion of deep-vein thrombosis (DVT), but point-of-care (POC) DD assays have not been fully evaluated. "
6.	AnticoagulantsIBA 06/01/2013 - "However, most distal, deep venous thrombosis in isolation is not life-threatening, so the added efficacy of anticoagulant agents at this stage has to be weighed against the risks of hemorrhagic complications, especially in the early postoperative period." 02/01/1999 - "Although the in vivo potency of the compound was not striking, the results support the utility of FXa inhibition in venous thrombosis and demonstrate the utility of this experimental model for evaluating the efficacy of novel anticoagulants." 05/01/2011 - "Antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs are effective for the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis but patients continue to experience major cardiovascular events despite their use. " 04/01/1994 - "This improved model of venous thrombosis more closely resembles the clinical situation and is applicable for testing anticoagulants." 10/01/2001 - "Several clinical trials concluded that LMWHs provide an effective and safe alternative to oral anticoagulants in the secondary prevention of deep vein thrombosis. "
7.	Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)FDA LinkGeneric 09/24/1977 - "In 6 studies there is no significant reduction in the incidence of deep vein thrombosis in general surgical and orthopedic patients after acetylsalicylic acid prevention. " 01/01/1986 - "Among the various anti-aggregating agents only aspirin may be effective in the prevention of venous thrombosis." 02/01/2000 - "A prospective, randomized controlled trial was used to compare the efficacy of the arteriovenous (AV) impulse system and aspirin in reducing venous thrombosis after fracture to the femoral neck. " 01/01/2000 - "The reported efficacy of aspirin for prevention of venous thrombosis is consistent with the prediction that certain platelet defects may increase the risk of venous thrombosis. " 01/01/2015 - "The aim of this study was to review the literature with regard to the various mechanisms of the newly discovered effects of aspirin in the prevention of the initiation and development of venous thrombosis. "
8.	Thrombin FDA Link 01/01/2015 - "No study has reported an assessment of the effects of PLTP on blood clotting reactions, such as reflected in thrombin generation assays, or on the association of venous thrombosis (VTE) risk with PLTP activity. " 02/01/2014 - "Thus, the aim of the present study is to investigate the type of an inherited anti-thrombin deficiency mutation in a 25-year-old Malay woman who presented with deep vein thrombosis in her first pregnancy. " 01/01/2013 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate thrombin generation in African-Caribbeans compared with whites in patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and healthy volunteers. " 03/15/2002 - "Randomized trial of different regimens of heparins and in vivo thrombin generation in acute deep vein thrombosis." 10/01/2015 - "Oral direct thrombin inhibitor as an alternative in the management of cerebral venous thrombosis: a series of 15 patients."
9.	Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator (Urokinase)FDA Link 08/01/1996 - "Bolus urokinase (Abbokinase ) is effective for initial treatment of deep venous thrombosis but is associated with a high rate of rigors. " 06/05/2012 - "To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of urokinase infusion therapy via a transradial approach for transcatheter superior mesenteric artery (SMA) in patients with acute extensive portal and superior mesenteric venous thrombosis. " 02/01/1995 - "Urokinase might be an effective and safe treatment for central venous thrombosis in neonates. " 03/01/2001 - "The thrombolytic efficacy of urokinase correlated with the chronicity of deep venous thrombosis in our model. " 11/01/1998 - "In this study, we establish a protocol for the administration of urokinase for postoperative venous thrombosis. "
10.	Dalteparin (Dalteparin Sodium)FDA Link 07/01/2000 - "Intravenous or subcutaneous dalteparin is as effective as intravenous UFH when given once or twice daily in the initial management of established deep vein thrombosis (DVT). " 08/01/1996 - "Extensive clinical studies have been conducted to compare the antithrombotic efficacy of dalteparin sodium with that of UFH in surgical thromboprophylaxis, treatment of established deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and the anticoagulation of patients undergoing haemodialysis and haemofiltration. " 12/01/1996 - "Swedish Venous Thrombosis Dalteparin Trial Group." 06/01/2005 - "Dalteparin and other low-molecular-weight heparins are frequently used for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis and for other indications. " 12/01/2001 - "Adjusted per capita costs of deep-vein thrombosis prophylaxis during the rehabilitation stay were $129 lower among subjects treated with dalteparin. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Catheters 02/01/2008 - "Adjunctive pharmacomechanical catheter-directed deep venous thrombosis (DVT) thrombolysis is best indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with phlegmasia cerulea dolens, acute inferior vena cava (IVC) occlusion, and acute iliofemoral DVT after careful clinical assessment and a balanced discussion with the patient. " 05/01/2013 - "Contemporary catheter-based treatments of deep vein thrombosis have proven to be safe and effective in selected patients. " 06/01/2011 - "Acute iliofemoral venous thrombosis in patients with atresia of the inferior vena cava can be treated successfully with catheter-directed thrombolysis." 06/01/2002 - "A high level of biocompatibility of the materials used to manufacture the existing venous access devices has not eliminated catheter-induced venous thrombosis. " 11/17/1983 - "Although data from the literature shows a high incidence of venous thrombosis due to central catheters, we only found 3 positive results in our series of 37 patients (8%). "
2.	Arthroplasty 01/01/1996 - "In 4 recent studies on prolonged prophylaxis, it was consistently shown that prophylaxis with low molecular weight heparins for 1 month significantly reduced the frequency of deep venous thrombosis compared with conventional prophylaxis during hospitalisation in patients undergoing elective hip arthroplasty." 01/01/1995 - "Recent studies in total hip and total knee arthroplasty have documented a statistically significant reduction in deep venous thrombosis using these devices. " 01/01/1987 - "These data demonstrate that CPM after knee arthroplasty enables patients to recover motion more quickly and affords some protection against deep vein thrombosis." 10/11/1993 - "We determined the relative efficacy of various agents or combinations of agents in the prophylaxis of deep venous thrombosis after elective hip arthroplasty. " 04/01/2004 - "Prolonged prophylaxis up to 30 to 35 days postoperatively in total hip arthroplasty may offer additional protection against venous thrombosis. "
3.	Thrombectomy 06/01/2011 - "Combined surgical thrombectomy and endovascular treatment for patients with acute symptomatic iliofemoral venous thrombosis is an effective and safe technique with low morbidity and good clinical results." 01/01/1988 - "Venous thrombectomy with temporary AVF is effective treatment for ilio-femoral venous thrombosis, particularly in younger females with an obvious precipitating cause e.g. " 05/01/1980 - "1. Venous thrombectomy is an effective and safe operation and should be continued to be utilized in the management of iliofemoral venous thrombosis. " 02/01/2011 - "Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy is a safe and effective treatment for acute massive lower extremity deep venous thrombosis and shows promising clinical mid-term results." 08/01/2014 - "The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of percutaneous aspiration thrombectomy (PAT) followed by standard anticoagulant therapy, with anticoagulation therapy alone, for the treatment of acute proximal lower extremity deep vein thrombosis. "
4.	Hip Replacement Arthroplasty (Total Hip Replacement) 11/01/1996 - "Intraoperative and postoperative intermittent pneumatic compression, combined with the use of a regional anesthetic, was found to be highly effective in the prevention of proximal deep venous thrombosis after total hip replacement. " 02/01/1997 - "ABSTRACTA prospective, randomized, double-blind trial was performed in total hip replacement patients to document the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after hospital discharge, and to assess the efficacy of sustained antithrombotic prophylaxis. " 02/01/1997 - "A prospective, randomized, double-blind trial was performed in total hip replacement patients to document the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after hospital discharge, and to assess the efficacy of sustained antithrombotic prophylaxis. " 09/01/1998 - "Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) have been shown to be effective in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after major orthopaedic surgery, such as total hip replacement (THR). " 01/01/1985 - "The efficacy of three prophylactic regimens against deep venous thrombosis was assessed in 135 patients who were more than thirty-nine years old and had a total hip replacement. "
5.	Compression Stockings 06/01/1984 - "The efficacy of graduated compression stockings in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after major gynaecological surgery was investigated in a controlled randomized prospective trial in 196 patients who were greater than 35 years of age. " 03/01/1989 - "Above-knee graduated compression stockings are effective in preventing postoperative deep vein thrombosis, but are more expensive and less acceptable than below-knee stockings. " 06/01/1984 - "The efficacy of graduated compression stockings in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis after major gynaecological surgery." 02/01/2006 - "Class I or II below knee compression stockings are effective in the prevention of lower limb venous thrombosis." 08/01/1998 - "The use of compression stockings seems to be effective in the prevention of venous thrombosis, at least in moderate risk surgical patients. "