Central Cord Syndrome

A syndrome associated with traumatic injury to the cervical or upper thoracic regions of the spinal cord characterized by weakness in the arms with relative sparing of the legs and variable sensory loss. This condition is associated with ischemia, hemorrhage, or necrosis involving the central portions of the spinal cord. Corticospinal fibers destined for the legs are spared due to their more external location in the spinal cord. This clinical pattern may emerge during recovery from spinal shock. Deficits may be transient or permanent.

Also Known As:

Networked: 59 relevant articles (6 outcomes, 6 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Spinal Cord Injuries (Spinal Cord Injury)
2.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma)
3.	Spinal Stenosis (Stenosis, Spinal)
4.	Spinal Injuries (Spinal Injury)
5.	Pathologic Constriction (Stenosis)

Experts

1.	Aarabi, Bizhan: 4 articles (01/2021 - 10/2010)
2.	Fehlings, Michael G: 4 articles (09/2017 - 10/2010)
3.	Bertelli, Jayme Augusto: 2 articles (05/2022 - 10/2012)
4.	Jiang, Jianyuan: 2 articles (01/2021 - 07/2020)
5.	Lyu, Feizhou: 2 articles (01/2021 - 07/2020)
6.	Zheng, Chaojun: 2 articles (01/2021 - 07/2020)
7.	Zhu, Yu: 2 articles (01/2021 - 07/2020)
8.	Arnold, Paul M: 2 articles (09/2017 - 10/2015)
9.	Harrop, James S: 2 articles (09/2017 - 10/2015)
10.	Singh, Anoushka: 2 articles (09/2017 - 10/2015)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Central Cord Syndrome:

1.	BaclofenFDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2009 - "Conclusion. Although the main indication for intrathecal baclofen therapy is spasticity, improved urodynamics can be an additional benefit in central cord syndrome spinal cord injury." 10/01/2009 - "Objective. To report a case of improved urodynamics in a central cord syndrome spinal cord injury after intrathecal baclofen therapy. " 10/01/2009 - "Normalization of central cord syndrome spinal cord injury urodynamics after intrathecal baclofen therapy: a case report."
2.	MethylprednisoloneFDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2017 - "Controversies in management relevant to clinicians including the timing of surgical decompression, methylprednisolone administration, blood pressure augmentation, intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring, and the role of surgery in central cord syndrome and pediatric SCI are also covered in detail. " 01/01/2018 - "The analgesic effect of intravenous methylprednisolone on acute neuropathic pain with allodynia due to central cord syndrome: a retrospective study."
3.	Therapeutic UsesIBA 08/01/2010 - "[Therapeutic effect of staged surgery for central cord syndrome of the cervical spine]."
4.	Neuroprotective AgentsIBA 03/01/2015 - "We aimed to examine a serum-based NfL immunoassay as predictor of the clinical outcome in SCI. Longitudinal measurement of serum NfL was performed in patients with central cord syndrome (CCS, n=4), motor-incomplete SCI (iSCI, n=10), motor-complete SCI (cSCI, n=13) and healthy controls (HC, n=67), and correlated with clinical severity, neurological outcome, and neuroprotective effect of the drug minocycline. "
5.	Vitamin B 12 (Cyanocobalamin)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2012 - "Its toxic side effects can mask vitamin B12 and folate deficiency and central cord syndrome. "
6.	Minocycline (Cyclops)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2015 - "We aimed to examine a serum-based NfL immunoassay as predictor of the clinical outcome in SCI. Longitudinal measurement of serum NfL was performed in patients with central cord syndrome (CCS, n=4), motor-incomplete SCI (iSCI, n=10), motor-complete SCI (cSCI, n=13) and healthy controls (HC, n=67), and correlated with clinical severity, neurological outcome, and neuroprotective effect of the drug minocycline. "
7.	Methicillin (Metin)FDA Link 01/01/2007 - "The patient presented with acute central cord syndrome and lower-extremity paraplegia after completing a 6-week course of intravenous antibiotics for methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and osteomyelitis of the thoracic spine. "
8.	Indicators and Reagents (Reagents)IBA 02/01/2006 - "Prevertebral HI on T2 MR imaging may be a possible indicator of instability in patients with central cord syndrome after hyperextension injury."
9.	Folic Acid (Vitamin M)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2012 - "Its toxic side effects can mask vitamin B12 and folate deficiency and central cord syndrome. "
10.	ElementsIBA 09/01/2010 - "To analyze the features of stress distribution in the cervical cord under different injury conditions using finite element model of the cervical cord and to improve the understanding of the possible pathogenesis of acute central cord syndrome. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Decompression 09/01/2017 - "Based on GRADE, a strong recommendation is worded as "we recommend," whereas a weak recommendation is presented as "we suggest." Conclusions from the systematic review included (1) isolated studies reported statistically significant and clinically important improvements following early decompression at 6 months and following discharge from inpatient rehabilitation; (2) in one study on acute central cord syndrome without instability, a marginally significant improvement in total motor scores was reported at 6 and 12 months in patients managed with early versus late surgery; and (3) there were no significant differences in length of acute care/rehabilitation stay or in rates of complications between treatment groups. " 08/01/2010 - "Staged surgery is effective for treatment of central cord syndrome of the cervical spine, and the effect of the surgery is not related to the patients' age or the range of decompression." 10/27/2023 - "The optimal decompression time for patients presenting with acute traumatic central cord syndrome (ATCCS) has been debated, and a high level of evidence is lacking. " 10/01/2010 - "There are currently no standards regarding the role and timing of decompression in acute traumatic central cord syndrome. " 10/01/2010 - "Early decompression (within 24 hours) should be considered as part of the therapeutic management of any patient with SCI, particularly those with cervical SCI. Very early decompression (within 12 hours) should be considered for a patient with an incomplete cervical SCI (with the possible exception of central cord syndrome)."
2.	Surgical Decompression 07/15/2020 - "Early Surgical Decompression Ameliorates Dysfunction of Spinal Motor Neuron in Patients With Acute Traumatic Central Cord Syndrome: An Ambispective Cohort Analysis." 10/27/2023 - "Early versus late surgical decompression for patients with acute traumatic central cord syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis." 04/01/2023 - "In cases of central cord syndrome without radiological evidence of instability, there is a tendency towards early surgical decompression, but the timing is still extremely variable. " 01/01/2023 - "Additionally, we have reviewed further concepts that stem from "time is spine," including earlier cutoffs less than 24 h and the challenging entity of central cord syndrome, as well as the emerging concept of adequate surgical decompression. " 11/01/2022 - "Early vs Late Surgical Decompression for Central Cord Syndrome."
3.	Therapeutics 09/01/2003 - "Central cord syndrome may be associated with severe pain, resistant to conventional pain therapy regimens. " 01/01/2018 - "Central cord syndrome (CCS) may be associated with severe neuropathic pain that often resists to conventional pain therapy regimens and affects the patients' quality of life (QoL) seriously. " 10/01/2009 - "Conclusion. Although the main indication for intrathecal baclofen therapy is spasticity, improved urodynamics can be an additional benefit in central cord syndrome spinal cord injury." 10/01/2009 - "Objective. To report a case of improved urodynamics in a central cord syndrome spinal cord injury after intrathecal baclofen therapy. " 10/01/2009 - "Normalization of central cord syndrome spinal cord injury urodynamics after intrathecal baclofen therapy: a case report."
4.	Laminoplasty 06/01/2005 - "In the present study, we reviewed the safety and short-term neurological outcome after expansile cervical laminoplasty in the treatment of acute central cord syndrome. " 06/01/2005 - "Acute traumatic central cord syndrome--experience using surgical decompression with open-door expansile cervical laminoplasty." 01/01/2023 - "A literature review covering all indexed studies published between 2013 and 2023 was performed using keywords to identify the patient group of interest (spinal cord injury, SCI, spinal cord trauma, cervical, thoracic, lumbar, thoracolumbar),central cord syndrome (CCS) and the interventions (laminectomy, laminoplasty, decompression, duroplasty). " 12/01/2022 - "Cervical laminoplasty may be indicated in patients with cervical myelopathy due to cervical stenosis in the setting of spondylosis, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, congenital stenosis, and traumatic central cord syndrome. "
5.	Laminectomy 08/01/1995 - "The significance of dorsal migration of the cord after extensive cervical laminectomy for patients with traumatic central cord syndrome." 10/01/1982 - "We report five cases of a central cord syndrome that appeared as a delayed surgical complication several days after decompressive laminectomy with the patient in the sitting position. " 10/01/1982 - "Central cord syndrome as a delayed postoperative complication of decompressive laminectomy." 10/15/2005 - "To present the first case of a central cord syndrome occurring after adequate decompression, and review the mechanics of the cervical spinal cord injury and postoperative biomechanical and anatomic changes occurring after cervical decompressive laminectomy. " 01/01/2023 - "A literature review covering all indexed studies published between 2013 and 2023 was performed using keywords to identify the patient group of interest (spinal cord injury, SCI, spinal cord trauma, cervical, thoracic, lumbar, thoracolumbar),central cord syndrome (CCS) and the interventions (laminectomy, laminoplasty, decompression, duroplasty). "