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Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage

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Bleeding within the SKULL induced by penetrating and nonpenetrating traumatic injuries, including hemorrhages into the tissues of CEREBRUM; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM; as well as into the epidural, subdural and subarachnoid spaces of the MENINGES.

Also Known As:

Intracranial Hemorrhage, Traumatic; Intracranial Hematoma, Traumatic; Hematoma, Traumatic Intracranial; Hematomas, Traumatic Intracranial; Hemorrhage, Traumatic Intracranial; Hemorrhages, Traumatic Intracranial; Intracranial Hematomas, Traumatic; Intracranial Hemorrhages, Traumatic; Traumatic Intracranial Hematoma; Traumatic Intracranial Hematomas; Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhages; Hemorrhage, Intracranial, Traumatic

Networked: 43 relevant articles (3 outcomes, 3 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Reperfusion Injury
2.	Hypothermia
3.	Craniocerebral Trauma (Head Injury)
4.	Chronic Subdural Hematoma
5.	Hemorrhage

Experts

1.	Nishijima, Daniel K: 8 articles (04/2014 - 03/2010)
2.	Holmes, James F: 7 articles (04/2014 - 03/2010)
3.	Shahlaie, Kiarash: 2 articles (04/2014 - 08/2013)
4.	Chettipally, Uli K: 2 articles (02/2013 - 06/2012)
5.	Clinical Research in Emergency Services and Treatment (CREST) Network: 2 articles (02/2013 - 06/2012)
6.	Rauchwerger, Adina S: 2 articles (02/2013 - 06/2012)
7.	Ballard, Dustin W: 2 articles (02/2013 - 06/2012)
8.	Offerman, Steven R: 2 articles (02/2013 - 06/2012)
9.	Reed, Mary E: 2 articles (02/2013 - 06/2012)
10.	Vinson, David R: 2 articles (02/2013 - 06/2012)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage:

1.	Warfarin (Coumadin)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2012 - "Absolute rates at all sites and both fatal and traumatic intracranial hemorrhages were lower with dabigatran than with warfarin. " 06/01/2012 - "Fewer traumatic intracranial hemorrhages occurred among those assigned to dabigatran (11 patients with each dose) compared with warfarin (24 patients; P<0.05 for both dabigatran doses versus warfarin). " 06/01/2012 - "Delayed traumatic intracranial hemorrhage is rare and occurred only in patients receiving warfarin. " 01/01/2011 - "The acute management of patients on warfarin with spontaneous or traumatic intracranial hemorrhage continues to be debated in the medical literature. " 06/01/2009 - "A promising new alternative for the rapid reversal of warfarin coagulopathy in traumatic intracranial hemorrhage."
2.	Factor VIIa (Activated Factor VII)IBA 03/01/2010 - "The efficacy of factor VIIa in emergency department patients with warfarin use and traumatic intracranial hemorrhage." 03/01/2010 - "The objective was to compare outcomes in emergency department (ED) patients with preinjury warfarin use and traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (tICH) who did and did not receive recombinant activated factor VIIa (rFVIIa) for international normalized ratio (INR) reversal. "
3.	Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin (Heparin, Low Molecular Weight)IBA 09/01/2012 - "Although low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is effective in VTE prophylaxis, its use for patients with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage remains controversial. "
4.	clopidogrel (Plavix)FDA Link 07/01/2014 - "To assess the prevalence of immediate and the cumulative incidence of delayed traumatic intracranial hemorrhage in patients using warfarin or clopidogrel." 07/01/2014 - "Traumatic intracranial hemorrhage in patients using warfarin or clopidogrel." 08/01/2013 - "Older adults with preinjury warfarin or clopidogrel use and mild traumatic intracranial hemorrhage may be at an increased risk for unfavorable long-term neurological outcomes compared with similar patients without preinjury use of these medications." 08/01/2013 - "The objective was to compare neurological outcomes at 6 months in older patients with preinjury warfarin or clopidogrel use and mild traumatic intracranial hemorrhage with those without prior use of these medications. " 06/01/2012 - "Although there may be unmeasured confounders that limit intergroup comparison, patients receiving clopidogrel have a significantly higher prevalence of immediate traumatic intracranial hemorrhage compared with patients receiving warfarin. "
5.	Urea (Carbamide)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/1962 - "[The experimental studies of the application of urea on acute traumatic intracranial hemorrhages]."
6.	Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2003 - "There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency or types of traumatic intracranial hemorrhage between patients who had received aspirin prophylaxis and those who had not. " 10/01/2003 - "A surprising number of the patients who arrived with GCS Score 15 were found to have traumatic intracranial hemorrhage, as revealed by CT scanning (11.5% of patients in the aspirin-treated group and 16.5% of patients in the control group). " 10/01/2003 - "The CT scans revealed evidence of traumatic intracranial hemorrhage in 27 (24.5%) patients in the aspirin-treated group and in 31 patients (25.6%) in the control group. " 12/01/2013 - "Platelet transfusion is increasingly used in patients with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) on aspirin therapy to minimize the progression of ICH. " 01/01/2012 - "[The effect of platelet transfusion on traumatic intracranial hemorrhage among patients treated with aspirin]."
7.	Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors (Antiplatelet Drugs)IBA 10/01/2010 - "We studied traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (TICH) in patients ≥55 years of age on anticoagulation and antiplatelet agents in a stable population. " 03/01/2005 - "Recent literature on elderly patients with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage receiving preinjury antiplatelet agents shows a mortality rate of 47%. " 03/01/2005 - "Effects of antiplatelet agents on outcomes for elderly patients with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage." 06/01/2012 - "Preinjury use of antiplatelet agents (e.g., clopidogrel and aspirin) is a risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality for patients with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (tICH). "
8.	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)IBA 01/01/2013 - "This case suggested that the delayed exacerbation of edema following traumatic intracranial hemorrhage was possibly induced by secretory factors such as VEGF and MMP-9 released from within and around the hematoma. "
9.	N-Methylaspartate (NMDA)IBA 11/01/1990 - "These experiments also indicate that competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists may be clinically useful after traumatic intracranial hematomas."
10.	SodiumIBA 01/01/2013 - "Patients were excluded if they received more than 1 L of 6% HES within 24 hours of screening or had one of the following:dialysis-dependent or impending dialysis renal failure,computed tomography evidence of non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) or severe traumatic ICH, creatinine of more than 3.9 mg/dL or urine output of less than 10 mL/hour for 12 hours, sodium of more than 160 meq/L, or chloride of more than 130 meq/L. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Craniotomy 06/01/2009 - "Use of anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis (ever) ranged from 60% for traumatic intracranial hemorrhage after decompressive craniotomy to 90% for traumatic spinal injury. " 10/01/2012 - "The authors hypothesized that cooling before evacuation of traumatic intracranial hematomas protects the brain from reperfusion injury and, if so, further hypothesized that hypothermia induction before or soon after craniotomy should be associated with improved outcomes. "
2.	Critical Care 04/01/2014 - "The objective of this study is to derive a clinical decision instrument with a sensitivity of at least 95% (with upper and lower bounds of the 95% confidence intervals [CIs] within a 5% range) to identify adult emergency department patients with mild traumatic intracranial hemorrhage who are at low risk for requiring critical care resources during hospitalization and thus may not need admission to the ICU. " 04/01/2014 - "We derived a clinical decision instrument that identifies a subset of patients with mild traumatic intracranial hemorrhage who are at low risk for acute critical care intervention and thus may not require ICU admission. " 04/01/2014 - "A total of 600 patients with mild traumatic intracranial hemorrhage were enrolled; 116 patients (19%) had a critical care intervention. " 05/01/2013 - "Moreover, a large proportion of patients admitted to the ICU never required a critical care intervention, indicating the potential to improve use of critical care resources in patients with minor traumatic intracranial hemorrhage." 05/01/2013 - "Overall, 847 of 888 patients (95%) with minor traumatic intracranial hemorrhage who were admitted to the ICU did not receive a critical care intervention during hospitalization (range between sites 80% to 100%). "
3.	Platelet Transfusion (Blood Platelet Transfusions) 02/03/2015 - "The AABB cannot recommend for or against platelet transfusion for patients receiving antiplatelet therapy who have intracranial hemorrhage (traumatic or spontaneous). " 06/01/2012 - "Utility of platelet transfusion in adult patients with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage and preinjury antiplatelet use: a systematic review." 12/01/2013 - "Platelet transfusion is increasingly used in patients with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) on aspirin therapy to minimize the progression of ICH. " 01/01/2012 - "[The effect of platelet transfusion on traumatic intracranial hemorrhage among patients treated with aspirin]."
4.	Decompression 02/01/2004 - "Patients suffering from traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (TICH) may experience an episode of catastrophic intraoperative hypotension (IHT), after decompression of the brain. " 02/01/1987 - "[Chronic subdural hematoma after external decompression in traumatic intracranial hematoma. " 06/01/1986 - "Chronic subdural hematoma associated with external decompression for acute traumatic intracranial hematoma--report of two cases."
5.	Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) 03/05/1996 - "A morphometrical analysis of retinal hemorrhages was performed in cases of physical child abuse including the shaken baby syndrome and in controls (severe head injury, intravital brain death, non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage, SIDS including cardiopulmonary resuscitation). "