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Nocturnal Paroxysmal Dystonia

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A parasomnia characterized by paroxysmal episodes of choreoathetotic, ballistic, dystonic movements, and semipurposeful activity. The episodes occur during non-rapid eye movement sleep and typically recur several times per night. (Neurology 1992 Jul;42(7 Suppl 6):61-67; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p391)

Also Known As:

Dystonia, Hypnogenic Paroxysmal; Dystonia, Nocturnal Paroxysmal; Dystonia, Sleep-Related; Dystonias, Hypnogenic Paroxysmal; Dystonias, Nocturnal Paroxysmal; Dystonias, Sleep-Related; Hypnogenic Paroxysmal Dystonias; Nocturnal Paroxysmal Dystonias; Paroxysmal Dystonia, Hypnogenic; Paroxysmal Dystonia, Nocturnal; Paroxysmal Dystonias, Hypnogenic; Paroxysmal Dystonias, Nocturnal; Sleep Related Dystonia; Sleep-Related Dystonias; Dystonia, Nocturnal, Paroxysmal; Hypnogenic Paroxysmal Dystonia; Sleep-Related Dystonia

Networked: 16 relevant articles (0 outcomes, 1 trials/studies)

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Epilepsy (Aura)
2.	Dyskinesias (Dyskinesia)
3.	Stroke (Strokes)
4.	Panic Disorder (Panic Attack)
5.	Movement Disorders (Movement Disorder)

Experts

1.	Liang, Shuli: 1 article (01/2015)
2.	Tai, Junli: 1 article (01/2015)
3.	Zhang, Shaohui: 1 article (01/2015)
4.	Yu, Xiaoman: 1 article (01/2015)
5.	Teive, Hélio A Ghizoni: 1 article (12/2006)
6.	Piovesan, Elcio J: 1 article (12/2006)
7.	Kowacs, Pedro A: 1 article (12/2006)
8.	Werneck, Lineu C: 1 article (12/2006)
9.	Zavala, Jorge A: 1 article (12/2006)
10.	López-Agreda, J M: 1 article (05/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Nocturnal Paroxysmal Dystonia:

1.	neodymium pyrocatechin disulfonate (NPD)IBA 09/01/1997 - "We made a polygraphic study of 6 patients with nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia (NPD) in which the cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) parameters were compared with those of a group of age- and sex-matched controls. " 05/16/2002 - "Nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia (NPD) is a disorder which appears during sleep. " 01/01/2001 - "Nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia (NPD) is a rare disorder characterized by attacks of short-lived dystonic, tonic and choreoatetoid movements occurring mainly during sleep. " 09/01/2000 - "Nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia (NPD) is the term used to describe motor attacks characterized by complex behavior, with dystonic-dyskinetic or ballic movements arising from NREM sleep. " 03/01/2000 - "The nature and nosology of nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia (NPD) have been controversial. "
2.	Familial paroxysmal dystoniaIBA 05/01/1997 - "Among paroxysmal dyskinesias were individualized three entities: paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis, paroxysmal choreoathetosis of Mount and Reback, hypnogenic paroxysmal dystonia. " 01/01/1991 - "In recent years, a differentiation has been made between two syndromes that are characterized by brief abnormal paroxysmal movements occurring principally at night: 1, hypnogenic paroxysmal dystonia (HPD), sometimes considered a particular form of dystonia similar to paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis, and 2, mesiofrontal epilepsy. "
3.	Type A Botulinum Toxins (Botulinum A Toxin)FDA Link 12/01/2006 - "Botulinum-A toxin in the treatment of painful post-stroke nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia triggered by periodic limb movements of sleep: case report."
4.	Anticonvulsants (Antiepileptic Drugs)IBA 03/01/1997 - "We report the case of a patient with nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia (NPD) meeting not only the diagnostic criteria described by Lugaresi et al. in 1981, but also presenting with features suggestive of underlying epilepsy as well as other differences from the diagnostic criteria originally described for NPD, such as short- and long-lasting episodes and poor response to antiepileptic drugs. "
5.	Paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesiaIBA 01/21/2015 - "Paroxysmal movement disorders include kinesigenic choreoathetosis, nonkinesigenic choreoathetosis or dyskinesia (PNKD), exercise-induced choreoathetosis, and hypnogenic paroxysmal dystonia. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 05/01/1987 - "Hypnogenic paroxysmal dystonia with panic attacks responsive to drug therapy."