Hyperhomocysteinemia

Condition in which the plasma levels of homocysteine and related metabolites are elevated (>13.9 μmol/l). Hyperhomocysteinemia can be familial or acquired. Development of the acquired hyperhomocysteinemia is mostly associated with vitamins B and/or folate deficiency (e.g., PERNICIOUS ANEMIA, vitamin malabsorption). Familial hyperhomocysteinemia often results in a more severe elevation of total homocysteine and excretion into the urine, resulting in HOMOCYSTINURIA. Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, osteoporotic fractures and complications during pregnancy.

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Networked: 2678 relevant articles (81 outcomes, 341 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Chronic Kidney Failure (Chronic Renal Failure)
2.	Cardiovascular Diseases (Cardiovascular Disease)
3.	Thrombophilia
4.	Memory Disorders (Memory Loss)
5.	Atherosclerosis

Experts

1.	Tyagi, Suresh C: 48 articles (07/2015 - 01/2003)
2.	Tyagi, Neetu: 33 articles (10/2014 - 07/2005)
3.	Janel, Nathalie: 27 articles (02/2015 - 03/2003)
4.	Wyse, Angela T S: 22 articles (10/2014 - 12/2002)
5.	Lentz, Steven R: 22 articles (01/2014 - 09/2002)
6.	Sen, Utpal: 21 articles (11/2015 - 10/2006)
7.	Blom, Henk J: 20 articles (09/2015 - 08/2002)
8.	Herrmann, Wolfgang: 18 articles (12/2012 - 01/2002)
9.	O, Karmin: 18 articles (02/2012 - 11/2002)
10.	Rozen, Rima: 17 articles (04/2015 - 01/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Hyperhomocysteinemia:

1.	Folic Acid (Vitamin M)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2007 - "Does lowering hyperhomocysteinemia by folic acid beneficial for oculo-Behcet's disease? " 06/01/2005 - "Thus, folic acid had a dual effect in that it reduced hyperhomocysteinemia and sE-selectin which showed a significant reduction on folate supplementation for 15 days." 03/01/2005 - "Folic acid supplementation also significantly decreased the incidence of damaged vessels due to hyperhomocysteinemia. " 01/01/2009 - "Our study showed that IV pharmacologic dose of Vit B12 alone is as effective as low-dose folic acid in correcting hyperhomocysteinemia in chronic HD patients, and combining both drugs in low doses may have added effects." 10/01/2004 - "These studies also attempt to address the impact, if any, of folate therapy in the reduction of cardiovascular risk, and to demonstrate if hyperhomocysteinemia is actually an independent risk factor that can be effectively treated."
2.	HomocysteineIBA 07/01/2000 - "These results suggest that plasma homocysteine is a potential risk factor of restenosis after PTCA, and therapeutic strategy targeted against hyperhomocysteinemia may be beneficial for preventing restenosis." 03/01/2003 - "Nutritional or pharmacologic interventions have been proposed in the treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia, while the results of large clinical trials designed to assess if lowering homocysteine levels is effective in reducing cardiovascular risk, are pending." 12/01/2014 - "Eligible studies should compare the prevalence of the MTHFR C677T mutation or hyperhomocysteinemia or the homocysteine levels between BCS or non-cirrhotic PVT patients and healthy controls or between cirrhotic patients with and without PVT. " 01/01/2013 - "There is an obvious contrast between the data from the epidemiological studies on hyperhomocysteinemia and the negative results of the homocysteine-lowering clinical trials. " 10/05/2012 - "This study established a pregnant rat model of hyperhomocysteinemia, in which blood plasma homocysteine concentrations were twice or three times greater than that of normal pregnant rats. "
3.	VitaminsIBA 05/01/2007 - "Future studies should be performed to investigate the interactions between maternal hyperhomocysteinemia, B-vitamin intake, related polymorphisms and the risk of CLP and CHDs." 09/01/2005 - "In conclusion, in contrast to North Europe studies, MTRRAA genotype is a genetic determinant of moderate hyperhomocysteinemia associated with CAD in a French population without vitamin fortification." 07/01/2005 - "Measurement of the various forms of these vitamins may be useful for the study of hyperhomocysteinemia as well as for the assessment of vitamin status. " 07/11/2000 - "Definitive guidelines for the management of hyperhomocysteinemia await the completion of randomized trials to establish the effect of vitamin supplementation on CAD events. " 05/01/1998 - "Effect of B-group vitamins and antioxidant vitamins on hyperhomocysteinemia: a double-blind, randomized, factorial-design, controlled trial."
4.	Methionine (L-Methionine)FDA Link 01/01/2006 - "The IEC method is more time-consuming but less expensive in reagent cost and allows simultaneous determination of plasma methionine concentration which may help to explain the underlying mechanism responsible for hyperhomocysteinemia." 01/01/2014 - "The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of hyperhomocysteinemia induction by methionine supplementation considering different levels and periods of exposure in mice. " 07/05/2012 - "The results of the present study demonstrate the relevance of ANXII in vivo and suggest that methionine-induced hyperhomocysteinemia may reverse hyperfibrinolysis in APL." 08/01/2010 - "Postoral methionine load hyperhomocysteinemia was found in 4.5% of subjects before therapy vs. 98.5% at the end of study period (P = 0.001). " 03/01/2006 - "We performed a placebo-controlled, blinded, crossover trial to examine whether AGE reduces macro- and microvascular endothelial dysfunction during acute hyperhomocysteinemia induced by an oral methionine challenge in healthy subjects. "
5.	Vitamin B 12 (Cyanocobalamin)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2006 - "A large number of women from the present study had hyperhomocysteinemia and were deficient in vitamin B12. " 11/01/2004 - "The vitamin B (12) level associated with hyperhomocysteinemia was lower in pregnant subjects than in nonpregnant subjects in this study, indicating that pregnant women require vitamin B (12) supplementation." 07/01/2004 - "Despite the small sample in this study, we suggest that low vitamin B12 and, consequently, hyperhomocysteinemia are important risk factors for NTDs in our population." 01/01/2014 - "The patient's vitamin B12 level was normal; however, hyperhomocysteinemia was present. " 08/01/2013 - "Hyperhomocysteinemia was associated with cobalamin deficiency in Shar-Peis (P=0.009). "
6.	MelatoninIBA 03/01/2008 - "In conclusion, administration of melatonin throughout pregnancy reduces the effects of hyperhomocysteinemia on the development of fetal brain; therefore, it might be beneficial in preventing persistent congenital malformations." 04/01/2005 - "Melatonin lowered plasma hcy levels and could potentially be beneficial in prevention of neurodegeneration caused by mild hyperhomocysteinemia." 01/01/2003 - "It also shows that melatonin could potentially be beneficial in prevention of neurodegeneration caused by hyperhomocysteinemia." 03/01/2008 - "Treatment with melatonin during pregnancy improved learning deficits and prevented the reduction of glial and neuronal markers induced by hyperhomocysteinemia. " 03/01/2008 - "In this study, we examined whether administration of melatonin inhibits maternal hyperhomocysteinemia-induced cognitive deficits in offspring. "
7.	CollagenIBA 04/01/2010 - "RLX may ameliorate hyperhomocysteinemia-induced detrimental cross-linking in rabbits with OVX and may improve bone strength via the amelioration of collagen cross-links." 09/01/2009 - "In this review, I describe that diabetes and hyperhomocysteinemia are crucial determinants of detrimental crosslinking of bone collagen that have been reported in the literature." 12/01/2006 - "We hypothesized that hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy)-induced oxidative stress lead to vascular stiffness, in part due to endothelial-myofibroblast differentiation and alteration of collagen homeostasis in the extracellular matrix (ECM). " 04/18/2006 - "Hyperhomocysteinemia may increase cardiomyocyte diameter, cardiac smaller arteriolar wall thickness and left ventricular wall strain; decrease microvascular number; induce interstitial and perivascular collagen deposition, directly and indirectly affect on cardiac remodeling and systolic function. " 03/01/2006 - "Postulated mechanisms of hyperhomocysteinemia (Hhe) overlap with proposed mechanisms of adverse cardiac remodeling such as altered collagen metabolism and oxidant stress. "
8.	Serine (L-Serine)FDA Link 01/01/2011 - "GAA-induced hyperhomocysteinemia was partially suppressed by methionine alone, but no interacting effect of methionine and serine was detected. " 07/01/2003 - "In the second study (protocol B), hyperhomocysteinemia was treated in 37 patients with intravenous folinic acid given alone or with serine and compared with matching placebos. " 01/01/2011 - "Hyperhomocysteinemia induced by choline deprivation was not suppressed by methionine alone and was only partially suppressed by serine alone, whereas it was completely suppressed by a combination of methionine and serine, suggesting a synergistic effect of methionine and serine. " 12/01/2008 - "High-casein diet suppresses guanidinoacetic acid-induced hyperhomocysteinemia and potentiates the hypohomocysteinemic effect of serine in rats." 10/01/2006 - "The hyperhomocysteinemia induced by a dietary addition of 1% methionine was significantly suppressed by the concurrent addition of 1% glycine or 1.4% serine to the same degree. "
9.	Fibrinogen (Factor I)FDA Link 10/01/2001 - "Moreover, plasmatic risk indicators, such as hyperhomocysteinemia and elevated concentrations of factors II, VIII, IX, XI and fibrinogen, have also been documented. " 03/01/2010 - "Hyperhomocysteinemia incidence seems high among PD patients and despite significant relationship between fibrinogen and Hcy in our study, it is essential to evaluate the link between Hcy levels and inflammation. " 02/01/2015 - "Moreover, structure of fibrinogen is modified by glycation and homocysteinylation in hyperglycemia and hyperhomocysteinemia conditions. " 07/01/2012 - "Our results indicate that aronia extract reduced the biotoxicity action of Hcys and HTL on hemostatic properties of fibrinogen or plasma, suggesting its possible protective properties in hyperhomocysteinemia - induced cardiovascular diseases. " 04/01/2012 - "Viral load was associated with serum CRP and fibrinogen levels; steatosis with metabolic syndrome, HOMA-IR, hyperhomocysteinemia and liver fibrosis. "
10.	Vitamin B Complex (B Vitamins)IBA 12/01/2012 - "Moreover, hyperhomocysteinemia was treatable by the administration of B-vitamins, even if the cause was genetic. " 08/01/2012 - "B vitamins are necessary for Hcy metabolism and their deficiencies cause hyperhomocysteinemia and neurodegeneration. " 08/01/2006 - "A subgroup of schizophrenic patients with hyperhomocysteinemia might benefit from the simple addition of B vitamins." 08/01/2006 - "Low intakes and decreased absorption of the B-vitamins are the most common causes of hyperhomocysteinemia, which is very prevalent in elderly people. " 02/01/2006 - "Community-dwelling older men, who are likely to be deficient in B12 or have hyperhomocysteinemia, may be most likely to benefit from treatment with B vitamins."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Renal Dialysis (Hemodialysis) 05/01/2006 - "Recent studies give contradictory data regarding the role of hyperhomocysteinemia (hyperHcy) in cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. " 01/01/2002 - "The study was carried out in 100 patients on hemodialysis who were divided into two groups: 72 patients with mild (20.74 mumol/l +/- 3.75) and 28 patients with moderate hyperhomocysteinemia (38.81 mumol/l +/- 9.81). " 01/01/2013 - "Patients on hemodialysis have a high prevalence of mild to moderate hyperhomocysteinemia. " 01/01/2013 - "In the patients on programmed hemodialysis, Hc concentrations were significantly higher than in apparently healthy individuals; there was a preponderance of mild (49.5%) and moderate (43.1%) hyperhomocysteinemia. " 10/01/2011 - "High prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia is common in hemodialysis (HD) patients and could contribute to worsen the cardiovascular risk. "
2.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 07/15/2014 - "Hyperhomocysteinemia and assessment of its associated factors in renal transplant recipients: a single-center study in northern Iran." 01/01/2006 - "Recent studies show that clinically stable renal transplant recipients have an increased prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia (hyperHcy), but the mechanism of this disorder has not yet been elucidated. " 01/01/2000 - "Few studies suggest that hyperhomocysteinemia may be a cardiovascular risk factor in renal transplant recipients. " 01/01/2000 - "Renal transplant recipients have disproportionately high rates of arteriosclerotic outcomes, and recent studies provided controlled evidence that clinically stable renal transplant recipients have an excess prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia. " 03/01/2011 - "A high prevalence of moderate hyperhomocysteinemia was observed in renal transplant recipients. "
3.	Transplants (Transplant) 11/01/2005 - "The objective of this study was to establish the prevalence demographic, and clinical and analytical factors related to hyperhomocysteinemia among renal transplant patients. " 08/01/2002 - "The present study evaluated the influence of hyperhomocysteinemia on graft patency after infrainguinal bypass surgery. " 08/01/2002 - "The influence of hyperhomocysteinemia on graft patency after infrainguinal bypass surgery in the Dutch BOA Study." 03/01/2001 - "Further studies are needed to correlate treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia with clinical endpoints, such as the time to development of transplant vasculopathy and long-term survival, and to define the most appropriate targets for therapy." 12/01/1998 - "The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of another risk factor, hyperhomocysteinemia, on graft outcome. "
4.	Heart Transplantation (Grafting, Heart) 01/01/2011 - "Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), a putative independent risk factor for the development of atherotrombosis in the general population, represents a very common finding in orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) patients. " 10/01/2003 - "Hyperhomocysteinemia in heart transplantation: from bench to bedside." 10/01/2004 - "Hyperhomocysteinemia and deep vein thrombosis in orthotopic heart transplantation: a case report." 09/01/2003 - "Hyperhomocysteinemia in patients with heart failure referred for cardiac transplantation: preliminary observations." 03/01/2001 - "Graft coronary disease is a major cause of mortality in long-term survivors of heart transplantation, and hyperhomocysteinemia may be one of its causes. "
5.	Intraperitoneal Injections 07/01/2010 - "We previously showed that inhibiting BHMT in mice by intraperitoneal injection of S-(alpha-carboxybutyl)-DL-homocysteine (CBHcy) results in hyperhomocysteinemia. " 09/26/2014 - "To create hyperhomocysteinemia, male Wistar rats (Pasteur Institute-Algiers) were received daily intraperitoneal injections of dl-homocysteine (0.6-1.2μM/g body weight) for 3weeks. " 10/01/2006 - "The hyperhomocysteinemia induced by an intraperitoneal injection with methionine was also suppressed by concurrent injection with glycine or serine, although the effect of serine was significantly greater than that of glycine. "