Rhodamine 123

A fluorescent probe with low toxicity which is a potent substrate for P-glycoprotein and the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter. It is used to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells and to measure the efflux activity of P-glycoprotein in both normal and malignant cells. (Leukemia 1997;11(7):1124-30)

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Networked: 249 relevant articles (2 outcomes, 29 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Molnár, Joseph: 6 articles (12/2010 - 03/2004)
2.	Amaral, Leonard: 3 articles (04/2014 - 10/2009)
3.	Spengler, Gabriella: 3 articles (04/2014 - 10/2009)
4.	Ferreira, Maria-José U: 3 articles (10/2009 - 11/2005)
5.	Ng, K Y: 3 articles (11/2001 - 12/2000)
6.	Liu, Y: 3 articles (11/2001 - 12/2000)
7.	Wang, Fang: 2 articles (12/2015 - 03/2012)
8.	To, Kenneth Kin Wah: 2 articles (12/2015 - 03/2012)
9.	Vishwakarma, Ram A: 2 articles (05/2015 - 05/2015)
10.	Bharate, Jaideep B: 2 articles (05/2015 - 05/2015)

Related Diseases

1.	Acute Myeloid Leukemia (Acute Myelogenous Leukemia) 02/01/1998 - "Acute myeloid leukemia cells with low P-glycoprotein expression and high rhodamine 123 efflux capacity display high clonogenicity." 01/01/2002 - "In vivo use of all-trans retinoic acid prior to induction chemotherapy improves complete remission rate and increases rhodamine 123 uptake in patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia." 12/01/2001 - "In this study comparing the directly conjugated anti-Pgp monoclonal antibodies UIC2-PE and 15D3-PE to the unconjugated anti-Pgp mAb MRK16, we analyzed cell lines, normal peripheral blood cells, and bone marrow cells from pediatric patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia; all samples were also analyzed for Pgp function using rhodamine 123 in order to correlate results from antibody staining with functional activity. " 07/01/1997 - "In this study tumor cell P-170 expression was assessed in 29 patients suffering from acute leukemia (17 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 12 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)) using three different techniques: flow cytometry measuring rhodamine 123 (Rh123) efflux (functional level), immunocytochemistry (protein level) and RT-PCR (mRNA level). "
2.	Acute Kidney Injury (Acute Renal Failure) 10/01/1998 - "In addition to the decrease in renal clearance, a decrease in the biliary clearance of rhodamine 123 was also observed in rats with acute renal failure. " 10/01/1998 - "Total plasma, renal, and tubular secretory clearances of rhodamine 123 were significantly lower for rats with acute renal failure than for control rats. " 10/01/1998 - "These results imply that rhodamine 123 is secreted via P-glycoprotein in renal tubules and that the renal secretory clearance of rhodamine 123 was reduced after acute renal failure, probably because of impairment of P-glycoprotein." 10/01/1998 - "To clarify renal handling of rhodamine 123, a substrate for P-glycoprotein, in normal and diseased states, in-vivo clearance studies were performed with normal rats and rats with glycerol-induced acute renal failure. " 10/01/1998 - "Renal excretion of rhodamine 123, a P-glycoprotein substrate, in rats with glycerol-induced acute renal failure."
3.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 09/01/1994 - "This new method has been applied to study the molecular environment of rhodamine 123 (R123) in sensitive (K562, CEM) and multidrug-resistant (K562-R, CEM/VLB100) tumor cells. " 08/01/2013 - "Selected cells strongly expressed CD13, CD133, CD90, and CD326, efflux rhodamine 123 and formed tumor spheres in suspension. " 01/01/2011 - "Previous results showed that ultrasound (US) exposure could make MDR cancer cells become more sensitive to anticancer drugs, and the physical parameters of US exposure could adjust the uptake and retention of rhodamine 123 in MDR cells. " 07/01/2009 - "In addition, both compounds were at least 10-fold more cytotoxic than rhodamine 123 against a panel of cell lines of different tissue origin and similar to rhodamine 123, exhibited more cytotoxicity against cancer cells compared with immortalized normal epithelial cells of the same organ type. " 11/12/2008 - "The selected P388 cell sublines and ascitic tumor-derived cells were characterized for Pgp expression and functional activity (RT-PCR, Western Blot, rhodamine 123 accumulation) as well as Dox resistance (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay). "
4.	Breast Neoplasms (Breast Cancer) 03/11/1994 - "We used multidrug-resistant Chinese hamster fibroblasts and human breast cancer cells expressing Pgp to study the roles of Cl- (and also Na+ and HCO3-/CO2) on Pgp-mediated efflux of the fluorescent dye rhodamine 123 (R123). " 01/01/2011 - "In this study, Western blot and Rhodamine 123 were used to monitor the relative P-glycoprotein expression in human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7/WT and MCF-7/ADR. " 11/01/1990 - "Action of gossypol and rhodamine 123 on wild type and multidrug-resistant MCF-7 human breast cancer cells: 31P nuclear magnetic resonance and toxicity studies." 09/01/2004 - "Arginine482 to threonine mutation in the breast cancer resistance protein ABCG2 inhibits rhodamine 123 transport while increasing binding." 01/01/2013 - "Herein, we simultaneously administer a passive diffusion marker ((14)C-AIB) and a tracer subject to P-gp efflux (rhodamine 123) into a murine preclinical model of brain metastases of breast cancer. "
5.	Carcinoma (Carcinomatosis) 03/01/2004 - "We present here a confocal fluorescence microscopy study of mitochondria in sensitive and resistant carcinoma cells by using two potentiometric probes of mitochondria, rhodamine 123 (R123) and dimethylaminostyryl-methylpyridiniumiodine. " 04/01/2001 - "The presence of MDR was assessed in vitro in drug-resistant HT-29(mdr1) colon carcinoma cells and in nonresistant HT-29(par) cells by JSB-1 immunohistochemistry, uptake of the fluorescent dye Rhodamine 123, and quantitative measurement of 99mTc-MIBI accumulation. " 06/01/1995 - "Differential sorting of bone marrow/carcinoma cell mixtures with respect to rhodamine 123 fluorescence intensity resulted in the removal of 95-99% of the "contaminating carcinoma cells." The recovered bone marrow cells were fully viable as ascertained by their ability to form splenic colonies. " 06/01/1995 - "More important, when normal bone marrow cells and carcinoma cell lines are mixed to simulate carcinoma-contaminated bone marrow, individual cell populations continue to exhibit characteristic and identifiable relative differences (10-20 times) in rhodamine 123 uptake. " 06/01/1995 - "When the relative differences in rhodamine 123 uptake are quantified, carcinoma cell lines demonstrated a 7.4-21 times greater uptake of rhodamine 123 than normal mouse bone marrow cells. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	P-Glycoprotein
2.	Tretinoin (Retinoic Acid)
3.	Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
4.	Messenger RNA (mRNA)
5.	Daunorubicin (Cerubidine)
6.	Argon
7.	Coloring Agents (Dyes)
8.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)
9.	rhodamine 6G
10.	Reactive Oxygen Species (Oxygen Radicals)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
2.	Lasers (Laser)
3.	Photochemotherapy (Photodynamic Therapy)
4.	Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT)
5.	Gas Lasers