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Milrinone (Primacor)

A positive inotropic cardiotonic agent with vasodilator properties. It inhibits cAMP phosphodiesterase type 3 activity in myocardium and vascular smooth muscle. Milrinone is a derivative of amrinone and has 20-30 times the inotropic potency of amrinone.

Also Known As:

Primacor; Corotrop; Corotrope; Milrinone Lactate; Sanofi Brand of Milrinone Lactate; Sanofi Synthelabo Brand of Milrinone; Sanofi Synthelabo Brand of Milrinone Lactate; Sanofi Winthrop Brand of Milrinone Lactate; Win-47203; Lactate, Milrinone; Win 47203; Win47203; (3,4'-Bipyridine)-5-carbonitrile, 6-dihydro-2-methyl-6-oxo-

Networked: 583 relevant articles (81 outcomes, 104 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Gheorghiade, Mihai: 10 articles (05/2008 - 03/2002)
2.	O'Connor, Christopher M: 7 articles (05/2008 - 03/2002)
3.	McNamara, Patrick J: 6 articles (01/2016 - 06/2006)
4.	Califf, Robert M: 6 articles (05/2008 - 03/2002)
5.	Leimberger, Jeffrey D: 6 articles (05/2008 - 01/2003)
6.	Felker, G Michael: 6 articles (12/2006 - 01/2003)
7.	Cheung, Po-Yin: 5 articles (08/2015 - 07/2008)
8.	Wang, Shih-Min: 5 articles (07/2013 - 03/2005)
9.	Liu, Ching-Chuan: 5 articles (07/2013 - 03/2005)
10.	Adams, Kirkwood F: 5 articles (05/2008 - 03/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Heart Failure 09/01/1994 - "Milrinone is an inotropic and vasodilator agent proven to be effective in the treatment of heart failure. " 01/01/1987 - "Milrinone, a potent positive inotropic and vasodilating agent, has shown promise in the clinical treatment of congestive heart failure, but significant controversy about its mechanism of action exists. " 09/01/1983 - "Milrinone is a potent cardioactive agent which should be beneficial in the treatment of acute and chronic congestive heart failure." 08/01/2000 - "Although phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) activity is abundant in human cardiovascular tissues, and acute PDE3 inhibition, with agents such as milrinone, was beneficial in heart failure patients, prolonged treatments were associated with time-dependent reductions in hemodynamic effects and increased mortality. " 02/01/1993 - "Improved hemodynamic effects and the good safety/acceptability of the drug indicate that milrinone is a treatment of choice in cardiac failure."
2.	Pulmonary Hypertension (Ayerza Syndrome) 09/01/2010 - "Although it is a very small sample of patients, we conclude that the combination of inhaled and intravenous milrinone could be an effective treatment of secondary pulmonary hypertension in high-risk cardiac valve surgery patient. " 12/01/2005 - "After inhalation for ten minutes, milrinone induced a significant reduction of mean pulmonary arterial pressure (32.7 +/- 9.1 vs 37.7 +/- 7.5 mmHg, P = 0.01), pulmonary vascular resistance index (296 +/- 150 vs 396 +/- 151 dyn.sec(-1).cm(-5).m(2), P = 0.02) and transpulmonary gradient (10.6 +/- 5.5 vs 15 +/- 4.9, P = 0.01) only in patients with significant pulmonary hypertension. " 04/01/2015 - "Milrinone has been proposed as an effective treatment for pulmonary hypertension (PH) and right ventricular (RV) dysfunction. " 04/01/2000 - "We conclude that milrinone is effective in the management of pulmonary hypertension following CPB in children who underwent TOF repair." 01/01/2013 - "An open label study of milrinone in neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn was conducted. "
3.	Intracranial Vasospasm 01/01/2015 - "High dose IV milrinone therapy for symptomatic DCI after SAH can lead to rapid neurological improvement with dramatic early angiographic improvement of cerebral vasospasm. " 02/01/1997 - "Milrinone is effective in preventing chronic cerebral vasospasm in a canine model of experimental chronic cerebral vasospasm. " 02/01/2011 - "Intra-arterial milrinone was a safe and effective treatment of cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal SAH." 01/01/2009 - "The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intra-arterial Milrinone in patients with symptomatic refractory cerebral vasospasm. " 02/01/1997 - "The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of milrinone on chronic experimental cerebral vasospasm. "
4.	Hypotension (Low Blood Pressure) 06/01/2006 - "Infants who received milrinone did not develop systemic hypotension; in fact, there was a nonsignificant trend toward improved blood pressure. " 02/01/2007 - "Systemic arterial hypotension and vasopressor requirements with milrinone use at inotropic doses were not observed at the doses used for the study. " 09/01/2014 - "Dose reduction of milrinone due to hypotension occurred in only 4 admissions (0.5%). " 08/01/2014 - "We conclude that milrinone is useful for induced hypotension in elderly patients during spinal surgery." 08/01/2014 - "To determine the effect of milrinone on induced hypotension during spinal surgery in elderly patients. "
5.	Ischemia 06/01/1991 - "Control ergometry revealed ischemia; however, during exercise with intravenous milrinone, ischemia was eliminated. " 07/01/1999 - "To determine the role of beta adrenergic stimulation before ischemia, a dose-response study was undertaken with isoprotelenol and milrinone at 37 degrees C. " 02/01/2014 - "In group M (n = 10), milrinone (5 µg/kg) was administered before ischemia. " 01/01/2009 - "During ischemia, nebulized milrinone (n = 6) or saline (n = 6) was inhaled. " 03/01/2008 - "We demonstrated that the pre-emptive administration of milrinone before ischemia was associated with less ischemic hemodynamic effects, without worsening the ischemic metabolic process. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Amrinone (Amrinon)
2.	Dobutamine
3.	Type 3 Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases
4.	olprinone
5.	esmolol (Brevibloc)
6.	Nitroprusside (Sodium Nitroprusside)
7.	Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
8.	Brain Natriuretic Peptide (Natrecor)
9.	Vasodilator Agents (Vasodilators)
10.	N(1)-methyl-2-lysergic acid diethylamide (MIL)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Intravenous Infusions
2.	Cardiopulmonary Bypass (Heart-Lung Bypass)
3.	Ligation
4.	Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass (Coronary Artery Bypass, Off Pump)
5.	Off-Label Use