Neurocysticercosis

Infection of the brain, spinal cord, or perimeningeal structures with the larval forms of the genus TAENIA (primarily T. solium in humans). Lesions formed by the organism are referred to as cysticerci. The infection may be subacute or chronic, and the severity of symptoms depends on the severity of the host immune response and the location and number of lesions. SEIZURES represent the most common clinical manifestation although focal neurologic deficits may occur. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch27, pp46-50)

Also Known As:

Networked: 561 relevant articles (44 outcomes, 73 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Seizures (Seizure)
2.	Cysts
3.	Cysticercosis
4.	Infection
5.	Intracranial Hypertension

Experts

1.	Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru: 17 articles (12/2015 - 11/2000)
2.	Garcia, Hector H: 17 articles (08/2014 - 10/2003)
3.	Ito, Akira: 13 articles (09/2015 - 09/2002)
4.	Gilman, Robert H: 12 articles (05/2014 - 10/2002)
5.	Teale, Judy M: 11 articles (04/2013 - 03/2003)
6.	Takayanagui, Osvaldo M: 10 articles (10/2015 - 01/2002)
7.	Gonzalez, Armando E: 10 articles (05/2014 - 10/2002)
8.	Costa-Cruz, Julia Maria: 10 articles (11/2013 - 07/2005)
9.	Tsang, Victor C W: 9 articles (05/2014 - 10/2002)
10.	Husain, Nuzhat: 8 articles (11/2015 - 01/2004)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Neurocysticercosis:

1.	Albendazole (Albenza)FDA Link 11/01/1989 - "We conclude that albendazole administered according to the 3-day therapeutic scheme proposed above is as highly effective for the treatment of parenchymal brain cysticercosis as the 30-day scheme." 10/01/1988 - "Our results indicated that a short course of albendazole is highly effective for treatment of neurocysticercosis." 04/01/1987 - "We conclude that albendazole is highly effective for the treatment of parenchymal brain cysticercosis. " 08/01/2002 - "Albendazole (ABZ) is effective in the treatment of neurocysticercosis. " 11/01/1995 - "Reports from Mexico suggest that albendazole is effective in the treatment of neurocysticercosis. "
2.	Praziquantel (Biltricide)FDA Link 01/01/1988 - "A prospective open therapeutic study on volunteers with active neurocysticercosis using pyrazinoisoquinolone (Praziquantel) has shown that it is a safe and effective drug. " 07/01/1999 - "Fifteen-day praziquantel therapy for parenchymal neurocysticercosis has been shown to be effective. " 06/01/1997 - "A brief therapeutic regimen of praziquantel, reduced to a single day, has been effective for treatment of neurocysticercosis. " 01/01/1990 - "Standard therapeutic regimens of praziquantel for neurocysticercosis use daily doses of 50 mg/kg for 15-21 days, with prolonged remission being achieved in 60-80% patients. " 04/01/1989 - "[Remission of a case of intraparenchymal neurocysticercosis following treatment with praziquantel]."
3.	AntigensIBA 07/01/1998 - "The use of antigen-detection tests specific for viable metacestodes has immediate utility in the clinical context, not only providing important information on the viability of the parasites but also leading to an improved understanding of the pathogenesis of neurocysticercosis before and after drug treatment." 03/01/2007 - "The efficacy of whole parasite and vesicular fluid antigen extracts from Taenia solium and Taenia crassiceps cysticerci for immunodiagnosis of neurocysticercosis was evaluated using ELISA on cerebrospinal fluid samples. " 09/01/2015 - "Comparative Study of Paired Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid Samples from Neurocysticercosis Patients for the Detection of Specific Antibody to Taenia solium Immunodiagnostic Antigen." 10/01/2013 - "Antigen detection, and in a lesser degree strong antibody reactions, can predict viable neurocysticercosis. " 07/01/2013 - "They are considered potential antigens for the immunodiagnosis of neurocysticercosis. "
4.	Dexamethasone (Maxidex)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2008 - "The diagnosis of neurocysticercosis was made, and the patient improved on dexamethasone and a short course of vermicide, to be discharged a week later. " 01/01/1994 - "The treatment of acute neurocysticercosis was made with dexamethasone. " 07/01/2003 - "Efficacy of albendazole and short-course dexamethasone treatment in children with 1 or 2 ring-enhancing lesions of neurocysticercosis: a randomized controlled trial." 01/01/2009 - "Intraventricular neurocysticercosis managed with albendazole and dexamethasone." 02/01/1997 - "Therapy for neurocysticercosis: pharmacokinetic interaction of albendazole sulfoxide with dexamethasone."
5.	Glycoproteins (Glycoprotein)IBA 03/01/2003 - "Similar diagnostic performance for neurocysticercosis of three glycoprotein preparations from Taenia solium metacestodes." 06/01/2002 - "The aim of this work was to evaluate a Taenia solium glycoproteins-based enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay in children with neurocysticercosis. " 05/01/2000 - "The Lens culinaris-binding glycoproteins from this parasite have been shown to be ideal targets for the development of a highly specific immunoassay for the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis. " 08/01/1999 - "Diagnosis of neurocysticercosis is performed by Western blotting with an enriched fraction of glycoproteins (LLGP). " 08/01/1994 - "In this paper we report the purification of GP24, one of the seven specific and highly antigenic Taenia solium glycoproteins previously identified by Western blot (WB) with serum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and saliva samples from patients with neurocysticercosis (NC). "
6.	lentil lectinIBA 01/01/2002 - "Detection of seven specific bands by immunoblot (IB) using glycoproteins (GPs) purified by lentil-lectin affinity chromatography has been the gold-standard for neurocysticercosis (NCC) serodiagnosis since 1989. " 05/01/2014 - "One of the most well-characterized tests for diagnosing neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) assay developed at the CDC, which uses lentil lectin-bound glycoproteins (LLGP) extracted from Taenia solium cysticerci. " 06/01/2011 - "To evaluate the performance of two antigenic preparations (vesicular fluid - VF and a glycoprotein fraction, LLa-Gp fraction, purified from a whole parasite extract by lentil lectin affinity chromatography) from Taenia solium cysticerci for the immunodiagnosis of neurocysticercosis. " 06/01/2011 - "Evaluation of two Taenia solium cysticercal antigenic preparations (vesicular fluid and a glycoprotein fraction with affinity for lentil lectin) for the immunodiagnosis of neurocysticercosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)." 01/01/2010 - "One of the best-characterized tests for the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis is the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay, developed at the CDC, which uses lentil lectin-purified glycoproteins (LLGPs) extracted from Taenia solium cysticerci. "
7.	AntibodiesIBA 01/01/2012 - "This study aimed to evaluate 5 enzyme immunoassays for detecting human antibodies against Taenia solium in human serum and for the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis (NCC): DRG™, RIDASCREEN™, NOVATECH™, CYPRESS™, and IVD™. " 09/01/2004 - "The aim of the present study was to standardize and evaluate dot-Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Dot-ELISA), a simple and rapid test for the detection of cysticercus antibodies in the serum for the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis (NCC). " 09/01/1997 - "The study was carried out using immunoblotting to detect antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with neurocysticercosis. " 07/01/2015 - "The plant-derived Helios2A vaccine was recognized by antibodies in the cerebral spinal fluid from neurocysticercosis patients and elicited specific antibodies in BALB/c immunized mice. " 07/01/2014 - "The assay utilizes novel nano-sized up-converting phosphor (UCP) reporter particles in combination with a portable lightweight analyzer and detects antibodies in serum samples reactive with bacterial-expressed recombinant (r) T24H, a marker for detecting neurocysticercosis cases. "
8.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 08/01/2013 - "Corticosteroids for neurocysticercosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials." 04/09/2013 - "A literature search of Medline, EMBASE, LILACS, and the Cochrane Database from 1980 to 2008, updated in 2012, resulted in the identification of 10 Class I or Class II trials of cysticidal drugs administered with or without corticosteroids in the treatment of neurocysticercosis. " 03/01/1982 - "[Effect of corticoids in the acute phase of neurocysticercosis: preliminary note]." 08/01/2011 - "This article revisits the mechanisms of action, rationale, evidence of benefit, safety and problems of corticosteroids in the context of neurocysticercosis, as well as alternative anti-inflammatory strategies to limit the damage caused by inflammation in the CNS." 09/01/2004 - "Third cranial nerve palsy from midbrain neurocysticercosis: repeated exacerbation on tapering corticosteroids."
9.	AnthelminticsIBA 01/01/2010 - "Randomized controlled trials comparing anthelmintics with placebo, no anthelmintic, or other anthelmintic regimen for people with neurocysticercosis. " 01/01/2010 - "Randomized controlled trials comparing anthelmintics with placebo, no anthelmintic, or other anthelmintic regimen for people with neurocysticercosis. " 01/01/2012 - "Cases of neurocysticercosis respond to anti-epileptic drugs without addition of anthelmintics. " 01/01/2012 - "Pharmacokinetic variability of anthelmintics: implications for the treatment of neurocysticercosis." 01/01/2010 - "To assess the effectiveness and safety of anthelmintics for people with neurocysticercosis. "
10.	Prednisolone (Predate)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2010 - "One was a 7-year-old boy who was prescribed prednisolone for treatment of neurocysticercosis. " 07/01/2011 - "The child was symptomatic for 5 years and improved dramatically within 2 days of starting definitive therapy for neurocysticercosis (albendazole and prednisolone)." 10/01/2015 - "The debut study was aimed to develop Lactic acid (LA)-conjugated solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN-LA) bearing albendazole (ALB) and prednisolone (PRD) for effective management of neurocysticercosis (NCC). " 10/09/1995 - "Randomized clinical trial of treatment of patients with newly identified active neurocysticercosis with oral prednisolone alone (27 patients), praziquantel with prednisolone (54 patients), or albendazole with prednisolone (57 patients). " 04/09/2013 - "Albendazole plus either dexamethasone or prednisolone should be considered for adults and children with neurocysticercosis, both to decrease the number of active lesions on brain imaging studies (Level B) and to reduce long-term seizure frequency (Level B). "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 07/04/2006 - "Randomized trials of cysticidal drug therapy for neurocysticercosis that met predefined criteria designed to allow characterization of the disease and objective evaluation of therapy. " 01/08/2013 - "The effectiveness of anthelminthic and corticosteroid drug therapy in parenchymal neurocysticercosis is well established. " 03/01/1997 - "Chemotherapy for neurocysticercosis was born logically because of the scant success of surgery, which is generally palliative, not curative. " 01/01/2006 - "Role of chemotherapy of taeniasis in prevention of neurocysticercosis."
2.	Neuroendoscopes 01/01/2015 - "In this study, we try to present our experience of transaqueductal removal of the fourth ventricular neurocysticercosis (FVNCC) with a flexible neuroendoscope. "
3.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 04/01/2005 - "In the following report, the CT and MR characteristics of this rare form of neurocysticercosis both before and after treatment are described, and the current issues surrounding management are briefly discussed." 01/01/2015 - "Resolution of urticarial vasculitis after treatment of neurocysticercosis." 03/01/2003 - "Follow-up of neurocysticercosis patients after treatment using an antigen detection ELISA." 03/01/1995 - "In a prospective study, 17 Brazilian patients with parenchymatous neurocysticercosis were monitored for a period of 12 months after treatment with praziquantel. " 03/01/1995 - "Clinical and immunologic follow-up study of patients with neurocysticercosis after treatment with praziquantel."
4.	Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt 07/01/2008 - "Reversible parkinsonism following ventriculoperitoneal shunt in a patient with obstructive hydrocephalus secondary to intraventricular neurocysticercosis." 07/01/1991 - "The Authors report a case of neurocysticercosis treated with praziquantel and ventriculoperitoneal shunt. " 06/01/2000 - "Report of a girl with the epileptic, hydrocephalic and encephalitic form of neurocysticercosis, diagnosed by cerebrospinal fluid and computed tomography exams, during her second year of life and an evolution with multiple types of seizures, prolonged periods of intracranial hypertension due to obstruction in the ventriculoperitoneal shunt, psychomotor regression and blindness until she was 10 years old, when the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome was diagnosed. " 01/01/2014 - "This case of acute hydrocephalus was found to be caused by isolated intraspinal neurocysticercosis and was treated by ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement and surgical removal of the intraspinal lesions (which were histologically confirmed as neurocysticercosis), followed by administration of dexamethasone and albendazole. "
5.	Nursing Care 01/01/1970 - "[Nursing care of patients with neurocysticercosis]." 09/01/1969 - "[Nursing care of paiients with neurocysticercosis]."