Neurocysticercosis

Infection of the brain, spinal cord, or perimeningeal structures with the larval forms of the genus TAENIA (primarily T. solium in humans). Lesions formed by the organism are referred to as cysticerci. The infection may be subacute or chronic, and the severity of symptoms depends on the severity of the host immune response and the location and number of lesions. SEIZURES represent the most common clinical manifestation although focal neurologic deficits may occur. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch27, pp46-50)

Also Known As:

Networked: 934 relevant articles (70 outcomes, 107 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Cysts
2.	Cysticercosis
3.	Seizures (Absence Seizure)
4.	Meningitis
5.	Epilepsy (Aura)

Experts

1.	Garcia, Hector H: 35 articles (01/2022 - 10/2003)
2.	Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru: 31 articles (01/2022 - 11/2000)
3.	Gonzalez, Armando E: 24 articles (01/2022 - 10/2002)
4.	Gilman, Robert H: 23 articles (01/2022 - 10/2002)
5.	Del Brutto, Oscar H: 17 articles (10/2021 - 06/2002)
6.	Bustos, Javier A: 16 articles (01/2022 - 01/2005)
7.	Nash, Theodore E: 14 articles (01/2022 - 10/2002)
8.	Parkhouse, R Michael E: 13 articles (12/2020 - 12/2003)
9.	Pretell, E Javier: 12 articles (01/2022 - 01/2004)
10.	Sciutto, Edda: 12 articles (01/2021 - 12/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Neurocysticercosis:

1.	Albendazole (Albenza)FDA Link 11/01/1989 - "We conclude that albendazole administered according to the 3-day therapeutic scheme proposed above is as highly effective for the treatment of parenchymal brain cysticercosis as the 30-day scheme." 10/01/1988 - "Our results indicated that a short course of albendazole is highly effective for treatment of neurocysticercosis." 04/01/1987 - "We conclude that albendazole is highly effective for the treatment of parenchymal brain cysticercosis. " 08/01/2002 - "Albendazole (ABZ) is effective in the treatment of neurocysticercosis. " 11/01/1995 - "Reports from Mexico suggest that albendazole is effective in the treatment of neurocysticercosis. "
2.	Praziquantel (Biltricide)FDA Link 06/01/1984 - "Computer tomography is a valuable adjunct to the diagnosis and follow up of cerebral cysticercosis and praziquantel was found to be very effective in the treatment of the parasitoses." 01/01/1988 - "A prospective open therapeutic study on volunteers with active neurocysticercosis using pyrazinoisoquinolone (Praziquantel) has shown that it is a safe and effective drug. " 06/01/1997 - "A brief therapeutic regimen of praziquantel, reduced to a single day, has been effective for treatment of neurocysticercosis. " 01/01/1990 - "Standard therapeutic regimens of praziquantel for neurocysticercosis use daily doses of 50 mg/kg for 15-21 days, with prolonged remission being achieved in 60-80% patients. " 09/01/2022 - "Conclusion: Praziquantel is effective and safe in the treatment of patients with neurocysticercosis."
3.	AntigensIBA 07/01/1998 - "The use of antigen-detection tests specific for viable metacestodes has immediate utility in the clinical context, not only providing important information on the viability of the parasites but also leading to an improved understanding of the pathogenesis of neurocysticercosis before and after drug treatment." 03/01/2007 - "The efficacy of whole parasite and vesicular fluid antigen extracts from Taenia solium and Taenia crassiceps cysticerci for immunodiagnosis of neurocysticercosis was evaluated using ELISA on cerebrospinal fluid samples. " 02/01/2018 - "Reciprocal contribution of clinical studies and the HP10 antigen ELISA for the diagnosis of extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis." 08/31/2023 - "For the subset of neurocysticercosis cases with at least one active (ie, vesicular) lesion, sensitivity was above 98% for the TS POC test, the rT24H-ETIB, and the antigen ELISA. " 01/01/2023 - "We report a proof-of-concept study using a dipstick assay to detect Taenia solium antigen in urine samples of 30 patients with subarachnoid neurocysticercosis and 10 healthy control subjects. "
4.	Antiparasitic Agents (Antiparasitics)IBA 01/01/2019 - "The combination of modern diagnostic tests, use of antiparasitic drugs, improved anti-inflammatory treatments, and minimally invasive neurosurgery has improved outcomes in patients with neurocysticercosis. " 12/01/2015 - "If a similar correlation exists in infected humans, this assay may provide a minimally invasive and easy monitoring assay to assess disease evolution and efficacy of antiparasitic treatment in human neurocysticercosis. " 08/01/2023 - "Active-stage neurocysticercosis can be treated with antiparasitic medication, but so far no study on efficacy and safety has been conducted in Africa. " 04/15/2004 - "A trial of antiparasitic treatment for cerebral cysticercosis." 04/15/2004 - "A trial of antiparasitic treatment for cerebral cysticercosis."
5.	Dexamethasone (Maxidex)FDA LinkGeneric 08/18/2008 - "The diagnosis of neurocysticercosis was made, and the patient improved on dexamethasone and a short course of vermicide, to be discharged a week later. " 01/01/1994 - "The treatment of acute neurocysticercosis was made with dexamethasone. " 12/01/1982 - "4. In the treatment of cerebral cysticercosis with praziquantel, it was found that the concomitant oral medication of dexamethasone during the course of treatment was effective for preventing and minimizing the side-effects." 07/01/2003 - "Efficacy of albendazole and short-course dexamethasone treatment in children with 1 or 2 ring-enhancing lesions of neurocysticercosis: a randomized controlled trial." 01/01/2020 - "A diagnosis of neurocysticercosis was made, and the patient was treated with dexamethasone and levetiracetam for 4 days before discharge. "
6.	AntibodiesIBA 03/01/1988 - "Except for the difficulty in detecting antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), IFAT was concluded to be very useful for the serodiagnosis of human neurocysticercosis." 09/01/1997 - "The study was carried out using immunoblotting to detect antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with neurocysticercosis. " 01/15/2020 - "Among various immunological tests available for diagnosis of neurocysticercosis (NCC), only EITB (Electroimmunotransfer blot for detection of anticysticercal antibodies) had gained widespread acceptance. " 01/01/2016 - "Brain CT scans were done, blood serological testing of Neurocysticercosis antibodies, Physical examination and demographic variables were collected. " 07/01/2014 - "The assay utilizes novel nano-sized up-converting phosphor (UCP) reporter particles in combination with a portable lightweight analyzer and detects antibodies in serum samples reactive with bacterial-expressed recombinant (r) T24H, a marker for detecting neurocysticercosis cases. "
7.	EnzymesIBA 01/01/2018 - "Evaluating the Recombinant T24H Enzyme-Linked Immunoelectrotransfer Blot Assay for the Diagnosis of Neurocysticercosis in a Panel of Samples from a Large Community-Based Randomized Control Trial in 60 Villages in Burkina Faso." 04/01/2004 - "Sixteen patients with neurocysticercosis and six with non-CNS lesions were diagnosed by imaging studies (computerized tomography [CT]/magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) and serology (ELISA and/or enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay [EITB]). " 01/01/2022 - "Imaging correlates of serum enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) positivity in patients with parenchymal neurocysticercosis: results from 521 patients." 09/01/2020 - "Evaluation of Taenia solium cyst fluid-based enzyme linked immunoelectro transfer blot for Neurocysticercosis diagnosis in urban and highly endemic rural population of North India." 01/01/2018 - "The enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) assay is the reference serological test for neurocysticercosis (NCC). "
8.	ImmunosorbentsIBA 05/01/2006 - "To study the clinical profile of neurocysticercosis and the utility of serological test using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in patients with ring enhancing lesions in CT scan of brain. " 10/01/2005 - "Diagnosis of neurocysticercosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay." 10/01/2005 - "crassiceps cysticerci (whole parasite-TcraW, membrane-TcraMe and vesicular fluid-TcraVF), for serodiagnosis of neurocysticercosis with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). " 06/01/2002 - "Laboratory diagnosis of human neurocysticercosis: double-blind comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and electroimmunotransfer blot assay." 06/01/2000 - "A quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the immunodiagnosis of neurocysticercosis is described. "
9.	Glycoproteins (Glycoprotein)IBA 01/01/2019 - "Our findings indicate that expression of the diagnostic glycoproteins is developmentally regulated; this is noteworthy since these glycoproteins are considered specific for the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis but nevertheless are present in different structures throughout the development of T. " 01/01/2019 - "Serological diagnosis of neurocysticercosis is performed by Western blot with an enriched fraction of glycoproteins that has been extensively used for clinical diagnosis and epidemiological surveys. " 03/01/2003 - "Similar diagnostic performance for neurocysticercosis of three glycoprotein preparations from Taenia solium metacestodes." 05/01/2000 - "The Lens culinaris-binding glycoproteins from this parasite have been shown to be ideal targets for the development of a highly specific immunoassay for the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis. " 08/01/1999 - "Diagnosis of neurocysticercosis is performed by Western blotting with an enriched fraction of glycoproteins (LLGP). "
10.	Monoclonal AntibodiesIBA 10/27/2016 - "The assay is based on the use of the monoclonal antibody HP10, and when applied to cerebrospinal fluid, correctly identified 34 cases of active extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis, but was negative with 26 samples from treated and cured neurocysticercosis patients and with 20 samples from unrelated neurological diseases. " 01/01/2019 - "Previously we reported the use of a monoclonal antibody-based (HP10) antigen (Ag) detection lateral flow assay (LFA) for the diagnosis of extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis (EP-NCC). " 07/01/2016 - "Anti-Taenia solium monoclonal antibodies for the detection of parasite antigens in body fluids from patients with neurocysticercosis." 06/01/2002 - "An anti-ES monoclonal antibody detected antigens in the CSF from 10 patients with neurocysticercosis, showing the antigenic homology of the ES antigens with those of T. " 06/01/2002 - "Excretory/secretory antigens (ES) from in-vitro cultures of Taenia crassiceps cysticerci, and use of an anti-ES monoclonal antibody for antigen detection in samples of cerebrospinal fluid from patients with neurocysticercosis."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 12/01/2014 - "Intramedullary spinal neurocysticercosis treated successfully with medical therapy." 01/01/1993 - "It is thus indicated that McAb (4F8)-based ELISA might be useful not only for diagnosis of neurocysticercosis, but also for the evaluation of efficacy of anti-Cysticercus therapy." 05/01/1988 - "In this study, effectiveness of each drug for therapy for parenchymal brain cysticercosis was compared. " 12/01/2023 - "A case-control (retrospective and prospective) study on 60 children with solitary intraparenchymal neurocysticercosis, 20 new cases prior to starting cysticidal therapy and other 40 resolved cases was carried out. " 07/31/2021 - "In endemic countries, neurocysticercosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis where there is central nervous system deterioration despite effective therapy for CM."
2.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 01/01/1989 - "The efficacy of the treatment of cerebral cysticercosis was assessed by the frequency of convulsions before and after treatment, and by the disappearance or decreased densities of the cystic lesions at brain CT scanning (6 months follow up). " 05/01/2018 - "Clinical histories and imaging studies from 38 neurocysticercosis patients who had been followed for 18 months after treatment were evaluated. " 08/01/2017 - "Pathology confirmed the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis, and the patient's symptoms resolved after treatment. " 06/01/2014 - "[Comparative study on EEG and neuroimaging of patients with cerebral cysticercosis before and after treatment]." 04/01/2005 - "In the following report, the CT and MR characteristics of this rare form of neurocysticercosis both before and after treatment are described, and the current issues surrounding management are briefly discussed."
3.	Immunotherapy 03/01/1983 - "[Immunotherapy in the symptomatology of cerebral cysticercosis]." 07/01/2015 - "Blood samples from10 anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients, 10 anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients whose physical conditions have improved after 3 months of immunotherapy, 20 virus (meningitis) encephalitis patients, 20 tuberculosis (meningitis) encephalitis patients, 10 purulent (meningitis) encephalitis patients, 20 cerebral cysticercosis patients, 20 ischemic stroke patients, 20 intracerebral hemorrhage patients, 15 neuromyelitis optica patients, 15 multiple sclerosis patients, 15 moyamoya disease patients, and 20 negative controls were collected for real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. "
4.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 08/01/1992 - "This hypothesis raises important questions in assessing the role of chemotherapy in the management of neurocysticercosis as well as in evaluation of clinical trials, most of which have been uncontrolled." 01/01/2020 - "Current approaches to cysticidal drug therapy for neurocysticercosis." 08/01/2019 - "Neurocysticercosis: A new concept and insight into basic and future pharmacotherapy." 10/19/2018 - "To investigate the changes of brain CT imaging in patients with cerebral cysticercosis during the period of anti-cysticercus chemotherapy. " 10/19/2018 - "[Changes of brain CT imaging of cerebral cysticercosis patients during the period of anti-cysticercus chemotherapy]."
5.	Neuroendoscopes 01/01/2015 - "In this study, we try to present our experience of transaqueductal removal of the fourth ventricular neurocysticercosis (FVNCC) with a flexible neuroendoscope. "