Conduct Disorder (Conduct Disorders)

A repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated. These behaviors include aggressive conduct that causes or threatens physical harm to other people or animals, nonaggressive conduct that causes property loss or damage, deceitfulness or theft, and serious violations of rules. The onset is before age 18. (From DSM-IV, 1994)

Also Known As:

Networked: 677 relevant articles (37 outcomes, 124 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)
2.	Oppositional Defiant Disorder
3.	Schizophrenia (Dementia Praecox)
4.	Substance-Related Disorders (Drug Abuse)
5.	Anxiety Disorders (Anxiety Disorder)

Experts

1.	Masi, Gabriele: 13 articles (12/2021 - 01/2006)
2.	Iacono, William G: 9 articles (01/2020 - 08/2002)
3.	Bucholz, Kathleen K: 9 articles (01/2017 - 07/2002)
4.	Goldstein, Risë B: 9 articles (01/2017 - 09/2006)
5.	Grant, Bridget F: 9 articles (01/2017 - 09/2006)
6.	Milone, Annarita: 8 articles (12/2021 - 01/2006)
7.	Ehlers, Cindy L: 7 articles (01/2022 - 12/2007)
8.	Banaschewski, Tobias: 7 articles (12/2019 - 03/2003)
9.	Findling, Robert L: 7 articles (09/2014 - 01/2004)
10.	Steiner, Hans: 7 articles (10/2011 - 10/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Conduct Disorder:

1.	Risperidone (Risperdal Consta)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2000 - "To examine whether risperidone is superior to placebo in the treatment of youths with conduct disorder. " 01/01/2017 - "Risperidone has been documented to be effective in the management of behavior problems, aggression, and conduct disorder in children. " 04/13/2011 - "The aim of this study is to obtain preliminary data about the efficacy and tolerability of risperidone treatment in otherwise typically developing preschool children with conduct disorder and severe behavioral problems. " 02/01/2008 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of risperidone and psychosocial treatment as compared to psychosocial treatment alone in reducing disruptive behavior in adolescents with persistent conduct disorder (CD). " 01/01/2003 - "Risperidone in children and adolescents with conduct disorder: a single-center, open-label study."
2.	LithiumIBA 04/01/1995 - "Lithium appears to be an effective treatment for some severely aggressive children with conduct disorder. " 11/01/1993 - "Lithium administration has been effective in treating severe aggression in children and adolescents with Conduct Disorder. " 07/01/2000 - "Lithium is a safe and effective short-term treatment for aggression in inpatients with conduct disorder, although its use is associated with adverse effects." 01/01/2009 - "Effectiveness of lithium in children and adolescents with conduct disorder: a retrospective naturalistic study." 07/01/2000 - "A double-blind placebo-controlled study of lithium in hospitalized aggressive children and adolescents with conduct disorder."
3.	Valproic Acid (Depakote)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2006 - "This study examines the efficacy of a specific compound, divalproex sodium (DVPX), on the various levels of psychopathology, utilizing a previous study in which 71 youth with conduct disorder were enrolled in a randomized controlled 7-week clinical trial. " 10/01/2003 - "We aimed to test the efficacy of divalproex sodium for the treatment of conduct disorder. " 10/01/2011 - "To investigate response to Divalproex sodium (DVPX) with respect to Reactive/Affective/Defensive/Impulsive (RADI) and Proactive/Instrumental/Premeditated (PIP) aggression among adolescent males with conduct disorder (CD), using results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. " 12/01/2005 - "Predictors of response to divalproex treatment for conduct disorder were identified, despite the small sample size in this study. " 10/01/2003 - "This preliminary study in a most difficult population suggests a role for divalproex sodium in the treatment of conduct disorder. "
4.	Quetiapine Fumarate (Seroquel)FDA Link 04/01/2008 - "The aim of this study was to examine whether quetiapine is superior to placebo in the treatment of adolescents with conduct disorder. " 10/01/2013 - "The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of quetiapine monotherapy in adolescents with BD comorbid with conduct disorder (CD). " 02/01/2007 - "The aim of this study was to describe the long-term safety and effectiveness of quetiapine in conduct disorder (CD). " 02/01/2007 - "A 26-week open-label study of quetiapine in children with conduct disorder." 04/01/2008 - "This methodologically controlled pilot study provides data that quetiapine may have efficacy in the treatment of adolescents with conduct disorder. "
5.	Methylphenidate (Ritalin)FDA LinkGeneric 03/02/2007 - "a) Girls have certain specific clinical manifestations within the three common symptoms; b) methylphenidate is equally effective in both sexes; c) only boys display other disorders such as negativism and conduct disorders; and d) the brains of males and females are quite similar, but symptoms are expressed differently depending on environments and levels." 10/01/2007 - "Effects of methylphenidate and behavior modification on the social and academic behavior of children with disruptive behavior disorders: the moderating role of callous/unemotional traits." 05/01/2005 - "Patients presenting comorbidities (ie conduct disorder, -anxiety, depression) as well as a history of previous treatment with methylphenidate were also eligible to participate. " 10/01/1991 - "Methylphenidate and hospitalized adolescents with conduct disorder: Dose effects on classroom behavior, academic performance, and impulsivity." 01/01/1999 - "There is no evidence that methylphenidate reduces symptoms of conduct disorder in adolescents or of dissocial personality disorder in young adults, because no studies have evaluated methylphenidate in these conditions. "
6.	Clozapine (Clozaril)FDA LinkGeneric 02/28/2019 - "Clozapine in the Treatment of Aggression in Conduct Disorder in Children and Adolescents: A Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Trial." 01/01/2021 - "When conduct disorder is present, clozapine is the optimal treatment." 02/01/2013 - "Clozapine in severe conduct disorder." 01/01/2021 - "This study is the first to examine the effect of clozapine in violent schizophrenia patients with conduct disorder. " 02/28/2019 - "Clozapine and risperidone are effective for short-term treatment of aggression in children and adolescents with conduct disorder. "
7.	Explosive Agents (Explosives)IBA 03/01/2005 - "Its efficacy as a mood stabilizer has been established, and there have been studies outlining its efficacy as an agent effective in the treatment of conduct disorder, disruptive behavior disorders, aggression and explosive disorder. " 01/01/1991 - "The children were diagnosed as having conduct disorder with a profile of severe aggressive and explosive behavior; their ages ranged from 5.08 to 12.92 yrs (mean, 9.23 yrs). " 07/01/1984 - "They all had a DSM-III diagnosis of conduct disorder-- undersocialized , aggressive, with a profile of highly explosive and aggressive behavior. " 09/01/2020 - "The participants with the highest levels of challenging behaviors had higher levels of adaptive behavior, higher frequency of intermittent explosive/conduct disorder, but lower frequency of epilepsy and cerebral palsy. " 05/01/2000 - "Twenty outpatient children and adolescents (ages 10-18) with a disruptive behavior disorder (oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder) met the specific criteria for explosive temper and mood lability. "
8.	Haloperidol (Haldol)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2021 - "Olanzapine's superiority over haloperidol was also more pronounced in patients with conduct disorder. " 01/01/2021 - "In patients with conduct disorder, clozapine was four times more likely than haloperidol to result in lower violence; in patients without conduct disorder, it was three times more likely to do so. " 01/01/2021 - "Clozapine's greater antiaggressive efficacy over haloperidol was substantially more pronounced in patients with conduct disorder than in patients without conduct disorder. " 07/01/1984 - "The efficacy and safety of haloperidol, lithium carbonate, and placebo were critically assessed in 61 treatment-resistant, hospitalized children aged 5.2 to 12.9 years with diagnoses of conduct disorder, aggressive type. " 01/01/1984 - "Cognitive effects of haloperidol and lithium in aggressive conduct-disorder children."
9.	4-aminospiroperidolIBA 01/01/2020 - "The current study extends previous work by testing whether ASPD (as well as a history of early conduct disorder) and NEM are related to marital quality trajectories in a sample of 450 Mexican-origin couples followed over 9 years. " 03/01/2023 - "AsPD is stable over time from adolescence, with evidence of conduct disorder (CD) before 15 years. " 01/01/2022 - "Within these two samples 1148 (16%) individuals met ASPD criteria, 1932 (27%) met adult ASPD but not childhood conduct disorder (CD) (i.e., AABS). " 01/01/2020 - "Patients fulfilling both the adult ASPD criteria and the conduct disorder criteria had similar latent trait distributions as patients fulfilling only the adult ASPD criteria. " 01/01/2016 - "Additionally, there was a significantly stronger relationship between childhood maltreatment and juvenile conduct disorder than between childhood maltreatment and ASPD or psychopathy. "
10.	Oxytocin (Pitocin)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2018 - "In the present study, we relied on a recently devised experimental model of conduct disorder in mice to test the potential efficacy of intranasal oxytocin administration. " 01/01/2019 - "We found that empathy was increased after oxytocin administration compared to placebo and this effect was specific to individuals with high callous-unemotional traits. " 10/01/2017 - "Two-way analysis of variance showed a significant effect of conduct disorder and oxytocin on ICU-TR but not ICU-SR [F(1,59) = 6.53; F(1,59) = 6.08], and a significant interaction only for ICU-TR [F(1,59) = 2.89]. " 12/01/2015 - "Salivary oxytocin in adolescents with conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits." 05/01/2015 - "Oxytocin and callous-unemotional traits: towards a social-cognitive approach to forensic analysis."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 04/01/2022 - "Applying Dialogical Methods for Investigations of Happening of Change (DIHC), this study investigated how children who had been diagnosed with an oppositional defiant or conduct disorder participated in a collaborative post-therapy research interview and talked about their experiences of family therapy. " 01/01/2019 - "Parent-Child Interaction Therapy Adapted for Preschoolers with Callous-Unemotional Traits: An Open Trial Pilot Study." 04/01/2002 - "Meta-analytical studies of Parent Management Training and Cognitive-behavioural Therapy for the child have demonstrated that these interventions affect conduct disorder in children positively. " 01/01/2002 - "Studies suggest a lack of significant long-term benefit to behavioral therapy when the conduct disorder is of any significant severity or when delivered in community settings. " 01/01/2022 - "Effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy and social skills training in management of conduct disorder."
2.	Neurofeedback 09/01/2021 - "Studies on the efficacy of neurofeedback training on reducing symptoms such as impulsivity, hostility, and psychopathy indicate that neurofeedback training can be a promising treatment alternative for children with severe conduct disorder." 09/01/2021 - "The keywords used included CU traits, conduct disorder, child psychopathy, empathy, electrophysiology, criminal behavior, neuropsychology, neurofeedback training, and so on. " 09/01/2021 - "Review of Neuropsychological and Electrophysiological Correlates of Callous-unemotional Traits in Children: Implications for EEG Neurofeedback Intervention." 01/01/2024 - "Exploring real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging neurofeedback in adolescents with disruptive behavior disorder and callous unemotional traits."
3.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 03/01/1999 - "Although the children with a conduct disorder also showed improvement after treatment, their CBCL scores remained high. " 01/01/2006 - "Inhalant use among adolescent males in treatment for substance and behavior problems may predict more severe conduct disorder symptoms after treatment." 10/01/1995 - "37 Mothers of children with conduct disorder who had received Parent Management Training (PMT) were interviewed using the Adult Attachment Interview, 13-43 months after treatment. "
4.	Role Playing (Playing, Role) 01/01/2020 - "Behavioral parent training (BPT) programs are considered the gold standard for intervening in early-onset conduct disorders.1 Our understanding of the disorder etiology has evolved from a focus on the coercive parent-child interaction to include more complex considerations, including gene-environment interactions.2 Refining our understanding of prevention and early intervention for these common and costly disorders is an important public health priority, because an estimated 3% of children and their families are affected, compromising adolescent and adult outcomes.2 As detailed in a recent review, the five most well-established BPTs, including the Incredible Years Series, contain common elements (use of didactics; modeling; role playing; and homework practice) and theoretical underpinnings (eg, social learning; attachment).3 Furthermore, they share the common bond of academic mentorship in the 1960s and 1970s. "
5.	Secondary Prevention 10/01/2008 - "The aim of this study is to investigate the predictors of clinical status and service use of a representative sample of children who participated in an innovative multicomponent intervention called Scallywags, a secondary prevention programme for young children at risk of developing conduct disorder. " 10/01/2009 - "We specifically advocate for: 1) more prospective epidemiological studies of relationships between alcohol and other drug use disorders and anxiety and mood disorders; 2) greater use of twin study designs to disentangle shared genetic and environmental contributions to comorbidity; 3) prospective neuroimaging studies of the effects of early and sustained alcohol and drug use on the developing adolescent brain; 4) a greater focus on the effects on comorbidity of primary and secondary prevention interventions for substance use, anxiety, affective and conduct disorders among children and adolescents; and 5) better evaluations of the impact of treatment upon persons with comorbid substance use and other mental disorders." 06/01/2009 - "We specifically advocate for: 1) more prospective epidemiological studies of relationships between alcohol and other drug use disorders and anxiety and mood disorders; 2) greater use of twin study designs to disentangle shared genetic and environmental contributions to comorbidity; 3) prospective neuroimaging studies of the effects of early and sustained alcohol and drug use on the developing adolescent brain; 4) a greater focus on the effects on comorbidity of primary and secondary prevention interventions for substance use, anxiety, affective and conduct disorders among children and adolescents; and 5) better evaluations of the impact of treatment upon persons with comorbid substance use and other mental disorders."