Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16

A product of the p16 tumor suppressor gene (GENES, P16). It is also called INK4 or INK4A because it is the prototype member of the INK4 CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITORS. This protein is produced from the alpha mRNA transcript of the p16 gene. The other gene product, produced from the alternatively spliced beta transcript, is TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN P14ARF. Both p16 gene products have tumor suppressor functions.

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Networked: 1922 relevant articles (34 outcomes, 265 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Sharpless, Norman E: 22 articles (01/2016 - 05/2002)
2.	von Knebel Doeberitz, Magnus: 19 articles (05/2016 - 11/2002)
3.	Reuschenbach, Miriam: 12 articles (05/2016 - 01/2012)
4.	Aboussekhra, Abdelilah: 11 articles (09/2017 - 01/2004)
5.	DePinho, Ronald A: 11 articles (09/2007 - 01/2002)
6.	Sasaki, Motoko: 9 articles (09/2016 - 07/2008)
7.	Hara, Eiji: 8 articles (04/2015 - 09/2005)
8.	Nakanuma, Yasuni: 8 articles (03/2014 - 07/2008)
9.	Liu, Yan: 8 articles (10/2012 - 01/2009)
10.	Al-Khalaf, Huda H: 7 articles (09/2017 - 01/2008)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 09/01/2013 - "Neither the sole HPV status nor combined HPV/p16(INK4a) status nor the sole p16(INK4a) status was significantly associated with disease free or overall survival, however a trend towards better overall survival of patients whose tumor expressed p16(INK4a) in a focal pattern (=p16(INK4a)-positive/Ki-67-negative cells) compared to no p16(INK4a) expression (p=0.09) was observed. " 04/20/2009 - "Tumor-positivity for p16(INK4A) was significantly correlated with improved locoregional tumor control (5-year actuarial values 58% v 28%; P = .0005), improved disease-specific survival (72% v 34%; P = .0006), and improved overall survival (62% v 26%; P = .0003). " 01/01/2013 - "P16(INK4a) immunostaining may be useful in identifying both etiologically related hrHPV-positive tumors and those with better outcome. " 05/01/2011 - "One month after surgery, in the patients with recurrence of tumor, a dramatic increase in p16(INK4a) MS was observed, while in the disease-free patients no methylation was seen continuously. " 11/15/2010 - "On univariate analysis, p16(INK4A) expression in the tumor was associated with improved OS (P = .038) but not PFS (P = .28). "
2.	Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Epidermoid Carcinoma) 04/01/2008 - "From our data, primary tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma with positive immunohistochemical stains of p16(INK4A) and/or high-risk HPV in situ hybridization is associated with a better outcome, and both methods may serve as clinically accessible markers." 05/01/2015 - "A large body of evidence shows that p16(INK4a) overexpression predicts improved survival and increased radiosensitivity in HPV-mediated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas.(OPSCC). " 10/01/2023 - "The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A; p16) immunohistochemistry positive staining in squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix and to correlate its positivity  to clinical and radiological disease stage. " 03/01/2012 - "p16(INK4a) is a marker of good prognosis for primary invasive penile squamous cell carcinoma: a multi-institutional study." 06/01/2005 - "In this study, we analyzed the p16 expression in relation to the methylation status of the p16 promoter region of the p16(INK4a) gene and the expression of BMI-1 in bronchial squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and its premalignant lesions. "
3.	Adenocarcinoma 02/25/2012 - "In contrast, the colocalization of p16(INK4a) plus Ki-67 maintained a high sensitivity of 81.8% and improved specificity to 81.8% for biopsy-confirmed CIN2/3, endocervical adenocarcinoma, or endometrial adenocarcinoma. " 11/15/2010 - "Expression of p16(INK4A) is associated with improved OS in patients with resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma. " 05/01/2004 - "We have shown that the currently used chemotherapeutic drugs for pancreatic adenocarcinoma combined with restoration of p16(INK4A) expression hold promise for the adjuvant treatment of this disease. " 09/01/2009 - "Adding the p16(INK4a) marker to the traditional 3-marker (ER/Vim/CEA) panel engenders no supplemental benefit in distinguishing between primary endocervical and endometrial adenocarcinomas in a tissue microarray study." 09/01/2009 - "Ancillary p16(INK4a) adds no meaningful value to the performance of ER/PR/Vim/CEA panel in distinguishing between primary endocervical and endometrial adenocarcinomas in a tissue microarray study."
4.	Uterine Cervical Neoplasms (Cancer of the Cervix) 10/01/2004 - "The role of p16(INK4A) as a marker of HR-HPV and in the diagnosis of CIN has been well established, but its predictive value in the clearance of the virus after CIN treatment and its use as a prognostic marker of cervical cancer has not been studied. " 06/01/2014 - "Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the role of p16(ink4a) in human cervical cancer cells. " 03/01/2013 - "In the present study, expressions of Foxp3 and P16(INK4a) in CIN and cervical cancer were detected by immunohistochemistry. " 08/01/2012 - "The present study was designed to determine the potential utility of p16(INK4a) as a diagnostic marker for CIN and invasive cervical cancer in HIV-positive and negative cervical specimens. " 07/05/2011 - "In this study, the immunoreactive patterns of D2-40, compared with p16(INK4A), which is currently considered as the useful marker for cervical cancers and their precancerous diseases, were examined in total 125 cervical specimens including 32 of CIN1, 37 of CIN2, 35 of CIN3, and 21 of normal cervical tissue. "
5.	Glioblastoma (Glioblastoma Multiforme) 08/01/1996 - "We demonstrated the efficacy of these vectors by using them to transfer three potent cell cycle control genes (the p16(INK4A), p53, and Rb1 genes) into human glioblastoma cells." 07/01/2012 - "Deregulation of the p16(INK4a)-Cdk4/6-Rb pathway is commonly detected in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and is a rational therapeutic target. " 04/01/2008 - "We have developed a nonheuristic genome topography scan (GTS) algorithm to characterize the patterns of genomic alterations in human glioblastoma (GBM), identifying frequent p18(INK4C) and p16(INK4A) codeletion. " 11/01/2000 - "A high frequency (greater than 50%) of homozygous p16/INK4a gene deletion has been demonstrated in glioblastoma tissues and p16/INK4a is altered in 80% of glioma cell lines. " 03/24/2000 - "Expression of p16(INK4A) induces dominant suppression of glioblastoma growth in situ through necrosis and cell cycle arrest."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Biomarkers (Surrogate Marker)
2.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)
3.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
4.	Messenger RNA (mRNA)
5.	Antibodies
6.	RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)
7.	theasinensin A
8.	beta Catenin
9.	Carrier Proteins (Binding Protein)
10.	Keratins (Keratin)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Radiotherapy
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
3.	Therapeutics
4.	Adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy
5.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)