Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16

A product of the p16 tumor suppressor gene (GENES, P16). It is also called INK4 or INK4A because it is the prototype member of the INK4 CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITORS. This protein is produced from the alpha mRNA transcript of the p16 gene. The other gene product, produced from the alternatively spliced beta transcript, is TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN P14ARF. Both p16 gene products have tumor suppressor functions.

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Networked: 1558 relevant articles (30 outcomes, 206 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Sharpless, Norman E: 21 articles (04/2014 - 05/2002)
2.	von Knebel Doeberitz, Magnus: 17 articles (06/2015 - 11/2002)
3.	Reuschenbach, Miriam: 11 articles (06/2015 - 01/2012)
4.	DePinho, Ronald A: 11 articles (09/2007 - 01/2002)
5.	Aboussekhra, Abdelilah: 9 articles (10/2015 - 01/2004)
6.	Hara, Eiji: 8 articles (01/2015 - 09/2005)
7.	Nakanuma, Yasuni: 8 articles (03/2014 - 07/2008)
8.	Sasaki, Motoko: 8 articles (03/2014 - 07/2008)
9.	Liu, Yan: 8 articles (10/2012 - 01/2009)
10.	Herman, James G: 7 articles (06/2010 - 08/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 09/01/2013 - "Neither the sole HPV status nor combined HPV/p16(INK4a) status nor the sole p16(INK4a) status was significantly associated with disease free or overall survival, however a trend towards better overall survival of patients whose tumor expressed p16(INK4a) in a focal pattern (=p16(INK4a)-positive/Ki-67-negative cells) compared to no p16(INK4a) expression (p=0.09) was observed. " 04/20/2009 - "Tumor-positivity for p16(INK4A) was significantly correlated with improved locoregional tumor control (5-year actuarial values 58% v 28%; P = .0005), improved disease-specific survival (72% v 34%; P = .0006), and improved overall survival (62% v 26%; P = .0003). " 01/01/2013 - "P16(INK4a) immunostaining may be useful in identifying both etiologically related hrHPV-positive tumors and those with better outcome. " 10/01/2004 - "The role of p16(INK4A) as a marker of HR-HPV and in the diagnosis of CIN has been well established, but its predictive value in the clearance of the virus after CIN treatment and its use as a prognostic marker of cervical cancer has not been studied. " 05/01/2011 - "One month after surgery, in the patients with recurrence of tumor, a dramatic increase in p16(INK4a) MS was observed, while in the disease-free patients no methylation was seen continuously. "
2.	Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Epidermoid Carcinoma) 04/01/2008 - "From our data, primary tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma with positive immunohistochemical stains of p16(INK4A) and/or high-risk HPV in situ hybridization is associated with a better outcome, and both methods may serve as clinically accessible markers." 05/01/2015 - "A large body of evidence shows that p16(INK4a) overexpression predicts improved survival and increased radiosensitivity in HPV-mediated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas.(OPSCC). " 09/01/2012 - "This study describes identification of p16(INK4A) sequence variants and their potential association with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in a high risk population from Kashmir, India. " 03/01/2012 - "p16(INK4a) is a marker of good prognosis for primary invasive penile squamous cell carcinoma: a multi-institutional study." 01/01/2012 - "The aim of this study is to evaluate the biologic importance and prognostic significance of selected clinicopathological parameters in patients with oral (OSCC) and oropharyngeal (OPSCC) squamous cell carcinoma, with emphasis on smoking, protein p16(INK4a) (p16) expression, and human papillomavirus (HPV) status.The"
3.	Adenocarcinoma 02/25/2012 - "In contrast, the colocalization of p16(INK4a) plus Ki-67 maintained a high sensitivity of 81.8% and improved specificity to 81.8% for biopsy-confirmed CIN2/3, endocervical adenocarcinoma, or endometrial adenocarcinoma. " 11/15/2010 - "Expression of p16(INK4A) is associated with improved OS in patients with resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma. " 05/01/2004 - "We have shown that the currently used chemotherapeutic drugs for pancreatic adenocarcinoma combined with restoration of p16(INK4A) expression hold promise for the adjuvant treatment of this disease. " 09/01/2009 - "Ancillary p16(INK4a) adds no meaningful value to the performance of ER/PR/Vim/CEA panel in distinguishing between primary endocervical and endometrial adenocarcinomas in a tissue microarray study." 09/01/2009 - "Adding the p16(INK4a) marker to the traditional 3-marker (ER/Vim/CEA) panel engenders no supplemental benefit in distinguishing between primary endocervical and endometrial adenocarcinomas in a tissue microarray study."
4.	Glioblastoma (Glioblastoma Multiforme) 08/01/1996 - "We demonstrated the efficacy of these vectors by using them to transfer three potent cell cycle control genes (the p16(INK4A), p53, and Rb1 genes) into human glioblastoma cells." 07/01/2012 - "Deregulation of the p16(INK4a)-Cdk4/6-Rb pathway is commonly detected in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and is a rational therapeutic target. " 04/01/2008 - "We have developed a nonheuristic genome topography scan (GTS) algorithm to characterize the patterns of genomic alterations in human glioblastoma (GBM), identifying frequent p18(INK4C) and p16(INK4A) codeletion. " 11/01/2000 - "A high frequency (greater than 50%) of homozygous p16/INK4a gene deletion has been demonstrated in glioblastoma tissues and p16/INK4a is altered in 80% of glioma cell lines. " 03/24/2000 - "Expression of p16(INK4A) induces dominant suppression of glioblastoma growth in situ through necrosis and cell cycle arrest."
5.	Lung Neoplasms (Lung Cancer) 09/20/2005 - "The results of this study indicate that QMSP analysis of p16(INK4a) and RARB2 may aid the diagnosis of primary lung cancer in bronchial aspirates. " 09/15/2000 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of three (epi)genetic alterations (p53 and K-ras mutations and p16(INK4a) promoter hypermethylation) in symptomatic chronic smokers compared with patients with lung cancer and to evaluate the use of exfoliative material for such analyses. " 07/01/2000 - "To clone CDKN2/p16(INK4a) gene, prepare its probe, and to study the change of CDKN2/p16(INK4a) gene in lung cancers. " 02/01/2009 - "Recent research shows that silencing of the tumor suppressor gene p16(INK4a) (p16) by promoter methylation plays a role in smoking-related lung cancer. " 06/20/2007 - "Increased P16INK4A protein in lung cancer may be the results of gene mutation, and be related with mutant P53 protein."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Biological Markers (Surrogate Marker)
2.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
3.	Messenger RNA (mRNA)
4.	Antibodies
5.	beta Catenin
6.	Carrier Proteins (Binding Protein)
7.	RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)
8.	Keratins (Keratin)
9.	trichostatin A (A 300)
10.	Acetic Acid (Vinegar)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
2.	Radiotherapy
3.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)
4.	Bone Marrow Transplantation (Transplantation, Bone Marrow)
5.	Prostatectomy (Retropubic Prostatectomy)