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Polymethyl Methacrylate (Sol)

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Polymerized methyl methacrylate monomers which are used as sheets, moulding, extrusion powders, surface coating resins, emulsion polymers, fibers, inks, and films (From International Labor Organization, 1983). This material is also used in tooth implants, bone cements, and hard corneal contact lenses.

Also Known As:

Sol; Acron; PMMA; Plexiglas; Polymethylmethacrylate; Acrylic Bone Cement; CMW Bone Cement; Implast; Kallocryl K; Lucite; Methyl Acrylic Plastic; Palacos R; Palavit; Perspex; Plexiglass; Poly(methyl methacrylate); Polymethyl Methacrylate, Isostatic; Polymethyl Methacrylate, Simplex Opaque; Polymethyl Methacrylate, Surgical Simplex Bone Cement, Ammonium Salt; Polymethyl Methacrylate, Surgical Simplex P; Polymethyl Methacrylate, Syndiostatic; Polymethylmetacrylate; Superacryl; Isostatic Polymethyl Methacrylate; Methacrylate, Polymethyl; Methacrylate, Syndiostatic Polymethyl; Syndiostatic Polymethyl Methacrylate

Networked: 2173 relevant articles (133 outcomes, 225 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Oda, Shigeto: 12 articles (01/2012 - 12/2002)
2.	Hirasawa, Hiroyuki: 12 articles (01/2012 - 12/2002)
3.	Lewis, Gladius: 12 articles (01/2010 - 03/2003)
4.	Nakamura, Masataka: 10 articles (01/2012 - 12/2002)
5.	Patel, Robin: 7 articles (05/2011 - 10/2002)
6.	Masala, Salvatore: 6 articles (06/2015 - 01/2004)
7.	Matsuda, Kenichi: 6 articles (01/2012 - 12/2002)
8.	Ducheyne, Paul: 5 articles (09/2015 - 03/2007)
9.	Ram, Jagat: 5 articles (09/2014 - 08/2002)
10.	Korovessis, Panagiotis: 5 articles (07/2014 - 01/2011)

Related Diseases

1.	Infection 10/01/2005 - "2 other early infections were treated successfully with port removal and later reconnection; however, infection recurred at the access-port soon after reconnection, so a PMMA-chain was positioned around the port. " 10/01/2005 - "2 early infections were treated successfully with placement of a PMMA-chain at the port-site--without port removal. " 09/01/1983 - "A new model of bone infection used to evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic-impregnated polymethylmethacrylate cement." 08/01/2010 - "In the PMMA group, infection was eradicated in 86% (12 of 14) of patients. " 05/01/1994 - "In spite of the variability of the bacteria, PMMA beads were helpful in managing foot infections in this difficult patient population."
2.	Osteomyelitis 04/01/2015 - "In this study, we investigate the efficacy of physician-directed antibiotic-impregnated PMMA spacers in achieving remission of chronic tibial osteomyelitis. " 08/01/2012 - "Efficacy of antibiotic-impregnated polymethylmethacrylate beads in a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) with osteomyelitis." 01/01/2015 - "Randomized clinical trials need to be performed in order to determine whether bioactive glass would be able to replace the current golden standard of autologous bone usage or with the use of antibiotic containing PMMA beads (in the case of osteomyelitis). " 12/01/2013 - "In three children there was a stage I according to Stutz and Gächter, in thirteen a stage II and in four patients a stage III. Because of a concomitant femoral neck osteomyelitis in three cases and an osteomyelitis of the os pubis in a single patient, PMMA mini chains were locally administered. " 08/01/2012 - "Veterinarians are encouraged to consider using antibiotic-impregnated polymethylmethacrylate beads when treating osteomyelitis in other nonhuman primates and in other traditional laboratory animal species."
3.	Fatigue 06/01/1985 - "In response to fatigue, the denervated SOL showed a marked decrease in resistance to fatigue at 1 day but a relatively normal response thereafter, whereas the denervated EDL showed an increase in resistance to fatigue at and beyond the 28-day period. " 09/01/1995 - "The fatigue strength of both SRC-PMMA samples was significantly greater (P < 0.001) at 80 MPa (10(6) cycles) compared with bone cement and PMMA, both of which had fatigue strengths of about 18 MPa. " 03/01/1995 - "For the non-notched specimens, at all stress levels, C-R-PMMA had significantly greater fatigue life than either C-PMMA or R-PMMA (except C-PMMA at 30 MPa). " 01/01/1996 - "The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of SSC-induced metabolic fatigue and muscle damage on the efficacy of stretch reflexes, as judged by the electromyograph (EMG) response of two shank muscles (lateral gastrocnemius LG, soleus SOL) to controlled ramp stretches. " 04/01/2011 - "Sleep diary data indicate improvement in alertness with the onset of the sol (fatigue decreasing from 5.1 to 4.0, alertness increasing from 6.1 to 7.0). "
4.	Pain (Aches) 11/15/2006 - "This minimal access procedure was effective in completely relieving pain from a metastatic deposit at C2, while adequately stabilizing the vulnerable segment by the injection of polymethyl methacrylate. " 12/01/2006 - "We used the c-fos expression as a tool to study correlated neuronal activation, induced by bending the inflamed paw of monoarthritic animals, between the spinal dorsal horn and medullary centers belonging to the endogenous pain control system, namely the lateralmost reticular formation of the ventrolateral medulla (VLMlat), the lateral reticular nucleus (LRt), the dorsal reticular nucleus (DRt), the nucleus tractus solitarius (Sol) and the rostroventromedial medulla (RVM). " 01/01/2015 - "In our series of vertebral augmentation of neoplastic lytic vertebral lesions performed for palliation of pain and/or stabilization, we observed a polymethylmethacrylate epidural leak in only 14.2% of levels, despite the presence of cortical erosion of the posterior wall and an epidural mass, with an extremely low rate of clinical complications. " 01/01/2015 - "An epidural leak of polymethylmethacrylate occurred in 10/70 (14.2%) levels, causing radicular pain in 3 patients, which spontaneously resolved within 1 week in 2 patients, while 1 patient with a T1-T2 foraminal leak developed severe weakness of the intrinsic hand muscles and a permanent motor deficit. " 09/01/2013 - "Unilateral balloon KP is a reasonable treatment for patients with osteoporotic VCFs considering that it could achieve equivalent pain relief with less surgery time and PMMA consumption compared to bilateral balloon KP. "
5.	Septic Shock (Toxic Shock Syndrome) 01/01/2012 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of enhanced intensity PMMA-CHDF in treating refractory septic shock. " 05/01/2008 - "The aim of the present cohort study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of PMMA-CHDF in septic shock, a typical condition associated with hypercytokinemia. " 01/01/2012 - "Enhanced intensity PMMA-CHDF may improve hemodynamics and survival rate in patients with refractory septic shock." 01/01/2012 - "We employed enhanced intensity PMMA-CHDF to improve the cytokine removal rate by increasing the hemofilter membrane area in 10 refractory septic shock patients (enhanced intensity group, EI group; 2 extracorporeal CHDF circuits using the hemofilter with a larger membrane area of 2.1 m2). " 01/01/2012 - "Treatment of septic shock with continuous HDF using 2 PMMA hemofilters for enhanced intensity."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Polymethyl Methacrylate (Sol)
2.	Gentamicins (Gentamicin)
3.	Bone Cements (Bone Glue)
4.	Vancomycin
5.	Cytokines
6.	Silicones
7.	Collagen
8.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)
9.	calcium phosphate
10.	Carbon Monoxide

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Vertebroplasty
2.	Kyphoplasty
3.	Injections
4.	Lenses
5.	Debridement