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FMRFamide

A molluscan neuroactive peptide which induces a fast excitatory depolarizing response due to direct activation of amiloride-sensitive SODIUM CHANNELS. (From Nature 1995; 378(6558): 730-3)

Also Known As:

FMRF; FMRF-NH2; FMRF-amide; FMRFamide, (D-Arg)-Isomer; FMRFamide, (D-Met)-Isomer; FMRFamide, (D-Phe)-Isomer; FMRFamide, (D-phenylalanine)-Isomer; Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2; Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-amide; FMRF NH2; FMRF amide; Phe Met Arg Phe amide

Networked: 129 relevant articles (1 outcomes, 8 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
- Proteins: 90489
  - Nerve Tissue Proteins: 1
    - Neuropeptides: 4699
      - FMRFamide: 129
        aspartyl-prolyl-lysyl-glutamyl-aspartyl-phenylalanyl-methyonyl-arginyl-phenylalanylamide: 3
        GAHKNYLRFamide: 1
        Ala2-YAGFMKKKFMRFamide
        desamino-tyrosyl-phenylalanyl-norleucyl-arginyl-phenylalaninamide
        KSAYMRFamide
        Met-enkephalin-FMRFa chimeric peptide
        Moniezia expansa GNFFRF-amide protein
        neuropeptide DF2
        SDNFMRFamide
        SDPNFLRFamide
        seryl-lysyl-prolyl-tyrosyl-methionyl-arginyl-phenylalaninamide
        threonyl-prolyl-alanyl-glutamyl-aspartyl-phenylalnyl-methionyl-arginyl-phenylalanylamide
        tryptophyl-norleucyl-arginyl-phenylalaninamide
- Peptides: 22950
  - Neuropeptides: 4699
    - FMRFamide: 129

Experts

1.	Kutz-Naber, Kimberly K: 2 articles (12/2009 - 05/2006)
2.	Li, Lingjun: 2 articles (12/2009 - 05/2006)
3.	Fu, Qiang: 2 articles (12/2009 - 05/2006)
4.	Orchard, Ian: 2 articles (01/2004 - 10/2003)
5.	Hill, Sharon R: 2 articles (01/2004 - 10/2003)
6.	Leenen, Frans H H: 2 articles (11/2003 - 02/2002)
7.	Gandara, Lautaro: 1 article (10/2015)
8.	Simpson, Peter D: 1 article (10/2015)
9.	Fischer, Roman: 1 article (10/2015)
10.	Masson, Norma: 1 article (10/2015)

Related Diseases

1.	Fasciculation (Fasciculations) 03/01/1994 - "Specific treatments that affect apCAM distribution on the surface of their respective cells, 5-HT on sensory cells or FMRFamide on motor cell L7, mimic treatment with monoclonal antibodies against apCAM by evoking a significant reduction in the fasciculation of growth cones with other neurites extending from homologous cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)"
2.	Ganglion Cysts (Ganglion) 02/01/2011 - "Comparison between KLH-like-ir pathways and the structures revealed by FMRFamide immunohistochemistry (a marker of terminal ganglion cells and fibers) indicated that the KLH-like-ir extrabulbar projection was different from the terminal nerve system. " 01/01/2007 - "Mass spectrometric analysis of FMRFamide-like immunoreactive neurons in the prothoracic and subesophageal ganglion of Periplaneta americana." 08/01/2005 - "FMRFamide-like immunocytochemistry in the brain and subesophageal ganglion of Triatoma infestans (Insecta: Heteroptera). " 08/01/2004 - "FMRFamide-expressing efferent neurons in eighth abdominal ganglion innervate hindgut in the silkworm, Bombyx mori." 10/01/2003 - "FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity is observed in the frontal connectives, recurrent nerve, and oesophageal nerves; projections from the ingluvial ganglion onto the anterior midgut, and from the proctodeal nerve onto the hindgut and posterior midgut; in the neuropils of the frontal ganglion, hypocerebral ganglion and ingluvial ganglia; 30 cell bodies in the frontal ganglion; multipolar sensory cells on the foregut; and endocrine-like cells in the gastric caecae and midgut. "
3.	Cysts 01/01/2010 - "This study presents, to our knowledge for the first time, gene-specific knockdown of FMRFamide-like peptide (flp) transcripts, using discrete 21bp siRNAs in potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida, and root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita infective (J2) stage juveniles. " 06/01/1999 - "Material antigenically related to the neuromodulatory peptide FMRFamide was detected and examined in preparations of the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, and in the free-living nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans and Panagrellus redivivus. " 01/01/1999 - "Using a FMRFamide ELISA, FaRP immunoreactivity was detected in extracts of the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, in both sexes and at all developmental stages. " 09/03/2001 - "FMRFamide-related peptides in potato cyst nematodes." 09/03/2001 - "This study presents data demonstrating the presence of FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs) in potato cyst nematodes (PCN). "
4.	Blister (Bulla) 09/01/1987 - "In this study we have identified FMRF-amide-like immunoreactive efferent axons in the optic nerves of Bulla. " 01/01/2002 - "The peptide FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH(2)) is known to modulate the circadian pacemaker found in the eye of the marine snail Bulla gouldiana. " 02/01/1992 - "These data demonstrate that FMRFamide can have pronounced modulatory effects on phase shifting inputs to the ocular pacemakers of both Aplysia and Bulla." 02/01/1992 - "In Bulla, FMRFamide prevented light-induced phase advances and delays. " 02/01/1992 - "FMRFamide modulates the action of phase shifting agents on the ocular circadian pacemakers of Aplysia and Bulla."
5.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) 11/01/2003 - "In Dahl SS but not in SR rats on a high-salt diet, enhanced Na+ entry through FMRFamide-activated brain Na+ channels may increase brain OLC release, thereby leading to hypertension." 02/01/2002 - "Dietary and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Na(+) may act through brain amiloride-sensitive, Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH(2) (FMRFamide)-gated Na(+) channels (FaNaChs) to cause sympathoexcitation and hypertension. " 01/01/2000 - "Together, these findings suggest that brain FMRFamide-activated sodium channels may be involved in the mechanism of salt-sensitive hypertension through regulation of the brain renin-angiotensin system." 01/01/2000 - "Role of FMRFamide-activated brain sodium channel in salt-sensitive hypertension." 01/01/2000 - "In the present study, we investigated the effects of short- and long-term intracerebroventricular infusion of FMRFamide on arterial pressure, sympathetic activity, vasopressin release, and brain renin-angiotensin system genes in rats and studied the role of FMRFamide-activated brain sodium channels in salt-sensitive hypertension. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Serotonin (5 Hydroxytryptamine)
2.	Monoclonal Antibodies
3.	tebufenozide (Mimic)
4.	Peptides
5.	Immune Sera (Antisera)
6.	Hormones
7.	Vasopressins (Vasopressin)
8.	Sodium Channels (Sodium Channel)
9.	Pregnenolone Carbonitrile (PCN)
10.	arginylphenylalaninamide

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Intraventricular Infusions
2.	Spinal Injections
3.	Analgesia