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Clavulanic Acid (Potassium Clavulanate)

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Clavulanic acid and its salts and esters. The acid is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes from Streptomyces clavuligerus. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with beta-lactam antibiotics prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase.

Also Known As:

Potassium Clavulanate; Clavulanate; BRL-14151; Clavulanate Potassium; Clavulanic Acid, Monopotassium Salt; Clavulanic Acid, Monosodium Salt; MM-14151; Sodium Clavulanate; BRL 14151; BRL14151; Clavulanate, Potassium; Clavulanate, Sodium; MM 14151; MM14151; Potassium, Clavulanate; 4-Oxa-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 3-(2-hydroxyethylidene)-7-oxo-, (2R-(2alpha,3Z,5alpha))

Networked: 1088 relevant articles (168 outcomes, 203 trials/studies)

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Drug Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Jacobs, Michael R: 8 articles (12/2007 - 10/2002)
2.	Arguedas, Adriano: 6 articles (04/2011 - 10/2003)
3.	Wynne, Brian: 6 articles (08/2006 - 10/2002)
4.	Llor, Carles: 5 articles (10/2015 - 01/2010)
5.	Mainardi, Jean-Luc: 5 articles (09/2015 - 04/2010)
6.	Brook, Itzhak: 5 articles (04/2015 - 04/2004)
7.	Pichichero, Michael E: 5 articles (11/2013 - 04/2005)
8.	Peacock, Sharon J: 4 articles (12/2015 - 12/2006)
9.	Cots, Josep M: 4 articles (10/2015 - 01/2010)
10.	Hugonnet, Jean-Emmanuel: 4 articles (09/2015 - 05/2008)

Related Diseases

1.	Infection 10/01/2000 - "Lymphocutaneous Nocardia brasiliensis infection: a pediatric case cured with amoxicilin/clavulanate." 11/01/1996 - "In younger children, Haemophilus influenzae infections are frequent and clavulanic acid must be associated. " 01/01/1995 - "[Comparative study of ofloxacin+amoxicillin-clavulanic acid versus doxycycline+amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combination in the treatment of pelvic Chlamydia trachomatis infections]." 05/01/1991 - "The majority of the animals treated with clavulanic acid alone (20 mg/kg) survived the infection. " 05/01/1989 - "The inhibitory effect of clavulanic acid for the extended broad-spectrum betalactamases shows that such an association could be probably chosen as well for treatment urinary infection."
2.	Otitis Media 09/01/2001 - "Bacteriologic and clinical efficacy of high dose amoxicillin/clavulanate in children with acute otitis media." 02/01/2001 - "The recommendation of the Drug-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Therapeutic Working Group that high-dose amoxicillin, with or without clavulanate, be used to treat acute otitis media (AOM) addressed concerns about the efficacy of existing therapies against drug-resistant S. " 01/01/2013 - "If once or twice daily amoxicillin, with or without clavulanate, is as effective for acute otitis media as three or four times a day, it may be more convenient to give the medication once or twice a day to children and hence improve compliance. " 02/01/2000 - "amoxycillin/clavulanate is an effective treatment for pediatric acute otitis media and demonstrates that the b.d. " 05/01/1997 - "Efficacy of twice-daily dosing of amoxycillin/clavulanate in acute otitis media in children."
3.	Respiratory Tract Infections (Respiratory Tract Infection) 04/01/2004 - "Based on these results, this new amoxicillin/clavulanate formulation should be highly effective in treating respiratory tract infections due to drug-resistant S. " 01/01/2004 - "These factors have contributed to the high bacteriological and clinical efficacy of amoxicillin/clavulanate in respiratory tract infection over more than 20 years. " 01/01/1999 - "Efficacy of high-dose amoxicillin-clavulanate against experimental respiratory tract infections caused by strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae." 07/01/1999 - "In conclusion, amoxycillin/clavulanate 875/125 mg twice daily is as effective as amoxycillin/clavulanate 500/125 mg three times daily for the treatment of community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections and could improve patient compliance." 04/01/1997 - "Dosing of amoxicillin/clavulanate given every 12 hours is as effective as dosing every 8 hours for treatment of lower respiratory tract infection. "
4.	Pneumonia (Pneumonitis) 04/01/2004 - "In line with PK/PD predictions, simulation of human pharmacokinetics in in-vitro kinetic models and in a rat model of pneumonia, amoxicillin/clavulanate 2000/125 mg twice daily was highly effective against S. " 02/01/2011 - "Amoxicillin-clavulanate 1,000/62.5 mg given twice daily for ten days was shown to be clinically effective and safe in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in adult patients. " 06/01/2008 - "Regardless of the exact underlying mechanism(s) of resistance, amoxycillin-clavulanate was effective in the experimental murine model in the treatment of pneumonia caused by AmpC-non-hyperproducing strains of E. " 09/01/2004 - "Amoxicillin-clavulanate 2,000/125 mg twice daily was shown to be as clinically effective as amoxicillin-clavulanate 875/125 mg twice daily for 7 days in the treatment of adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia, without a noted increase in the reported rate of adverse events." 11/29/1985 - "The combination of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid is safe and effective therapy for pneumonia in anatomically compromised hosts."
5.	Urinary Tract Infections (Urinary Tract Infection) 09/01/1983 - "The good clinical efficacy of BRL 25000 in such urinary tract infections was probably due to the fact that the urinary concentration of clavulanic acid was higher than its minimal inhibitory concentrations for these strains." 03/22/1980 - "Microbiological, pharmacological, and clinical studies show that clavulanic acid in combination with amoxycillin is effective and safe in the treatment of urinary-tract infection caused by amoxycillin-resistant bacteria." 03/01/1984 - "The pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy of amoxycillin combined with clavulanic acid in the treatment of 32 children with urinary tract infection were studied. " 01/01/2013 - "Combined relay therapy with oral cefixime and clavulanate for febrile urinary tract infection caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli." 10/01/2012 - "We characterized the ESBLs of a collection of Escherichia coli isolates recovered from outpatients with urinary tract infection during nationwide surveillance conducted from 2005 to 2006 in Greece, and evaluated the in vitro activity of mecillinam and mecillinam/clavulanate against them. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Amoxicillin (Wymox)
2.	Ticarcillin (Tarcil)
3.	Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination (Co-amoxiclav)
4.	beta-Lactamases (beta-Lactamase)
5.	Penicillins (Penicillin)
6.	cefuroxime axetil (Ceftin)
7.	Gentamicins (Gentamicin)
8.	Azithromycin (Zithromax)
9.	Ceftriaxone (Ceftriaxon)
10.	Clindamycin (Cleocin)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
3.	Injections
4.	Intramuscular Injections
5.	Tonsillectomy