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Fluorescein (Funduscein)

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A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium, such as the aqueous humor, and is used therapeutically as a diagnostic aid in corneal injuries and corneal trauma. It has been approved by FDA for use in externally applied drugs and cosmetics. (From Merck Index, 12th ed; American Medical Association Drug Evaluations; 1995, p2275)

Also Known As:

Funduscein; Alcon Brand of Fluorescein Sodium; Allergan Brand of Fluorescein Sodium; C.I. 45350; Cahill May Roberts Brand of Fluorescein Sodium; Chauvin Brand of Fluorescein Sodium; Colircusi Fluoresceina; D & C Yellow No. 7; D & C Yellow No. 8; D and C Yellow No. 7; D and C Yellow No. 8; D&C Yellow No. 7; D&C Yellow No. 8; Diba Brand of Fluorescein Sodium; Diofluor; Dioptic Brand of Fluorescein Sodium; Disodium Fluorescein; Fluor-I-Strip A.T.; Fluorescein Dipotassium Salt; Fluorescein Disodium Salt; Fluorescein Monosodium Salt; Fluorescite; Fluorescéine sodique Faure; Fluorets; Ful-Glo; Minims Fluorescein Sodium; Minims Fluoresceine; Minims Stains; Novartis Brand of Fluorescein Sodium; Optifluor Diba; Smith & Nephew Brand of Fluorescein Sodium; Sola/Barnes-Hind Brand of Fluorescein Sodium; Uranine; Wyeth Brand of Fluorescein Sodium; Dipotassium Salt, Fluorescein; Disodium Salt, Fluorescein; Fluor I Strip A.T.; Fluorescein Sodium, Minims; Fluorescein, Disodium; Fluorescein, Sodium; Fluoresceina, Colircusi; Fluoresceine, Minims; Ful Glo; Monosodium Salt, Fluorescein; Sodium, Fluorescein; Sola/Barnes Hind Brand of Fluorescein Sodium; Fluorescein Sodium; Sodium Fluorescein

Networked: 5213 relevant articles (144 outcomes, 541 trials/studies)

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Drug Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Yannuzzi, Lawrence A: 20 articles (01/2015 - 01/2002)
2.	Bressler, Neil M: 19 articles (01/2016 - 04/2003)
3.	Freund, K Bailey: 18 articles (09/2015 - 08/2002)
4.	Spaide, Richard F: 15 articles (05/2011 - 01/2002)
5.	Querques, Giuseppe: 14 articles (11/2015 - 09/2005)
6.	Arevalo, J Fernando: 14 articles (08/2014 - 04/2007)
7.	Noma, Hidetaka: 14 articles (02/2014 - 01/2006)
8.	Souied, Eric H: 13 articles (01/2016 - 09/2005)
9.	Bandello, Francesco: 13 articles (01/2016 - 05/2006)
10.	Sarraf, David: 13 articles (05/2015 - 10/2008)

Related Diseases

1.	Macular Edema 12/01/2004 - "Fluorescein angiography showed marked improvement of macular edema in 4 eyes (21.0%), mild improvement in 10 eyes (52.6%) and no change in 5 eyes (26.3%); no patient had worsening of macular edema. " 11/01/2015 - "Fluorescein angiography leakage was associated with a greater likelihood of improvement in macular edema." 09/01/1983 - "Fluorescein angiographic findings varied considerably with some patients showing an improvement with continued cystoid macular edema. " 01/01/2014 - "After surgery, the BCVA gradually improved from 20/100 to 20/20 at 19 months in Case 1 and from 20/50 to 20/13 at 13 months in Case 2. Fluorescein angiography (FA) showed leakage at the late phase, and OCT showed that the cystoid macular edema was resolved and the fovea was considerably thinner postoperatively. " 09/01/2013 - "Safety and efficacy of oral fluorescein angiography in detecting macular edema in comparison with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography."
2.	Choroidal Neovascularization 01/01/2011 - "In this case described combined pharmacological-surgical therapy allowed a significant improvement in visual acuity and closure of choroidal neovascularization (CNV), leakage confirmed by fluorescein angiography (FA) and optical coherence tomography (AMD). " 01/01/2014 - "The observational case series study included patients who were consecutively diagnosed with idiopathic unilateral choroidal neovascularization as demonstrated by ophthalmoscopy, fluorescein angiography and enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). " 01/01/2014 - "The purpose of this study was to develop a non-biased method of quantitatively measuring choroidal neovascularization (CNV) areas based on late-phase fluorescein angiography (FA) images. " 12/01/2006 - "In this study, the authors sought to develop and characterize techniques for measuring changes in choroidal neovascularization (CNV) lesion size and fluorescence over time for quantitative analysis of fluorescein angiograms. " 02/01/2006 - "To compare topographic features of surgically excised subfoveal choroidal neovascularization with preoperative and postoperative fluorescein angiographic features from Submacular Surgery Trials (SST) patients, and to compare histological and angiographic features with preoperative and postoperative visual acuities (VAs). "
3.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 01/01/2012 - "High dose fluorescein sodium has been utilized for fluorescence-guided tumor resection with conflicting reports on the efficacy of this procedure. " 06/01/2015 - "Additionally, improved PE% of hydrophilic molecules (Fluorescein and GEM) was confirmed in colon tumor bearing mice. " 06/01/2015 - "This study presents the first data on the use of fluorescein sodium (FL) under the dedicated surgical microscope filter YELLOW 560 nm (Zeiss Meditec, Germany) in patients with CM. Thirty patients with CMs of different primary cancers were included (15 females, 15 males; mean age 61.1 years); 200 mg of FL was intravenously injected directly before CM resection. " 01/01/2010 - "The authors present this study using sodium fluorescein (SF) to enhance skull base tumors by performing a quantitative digital analysis of tumor enhancement. " 12/01/2007 - "Our studies suggest that PAP-1, an 18 amino acid pH activated peptide with a pH of transition between hydrophilic and lipophilic forms (pT) of 6.4, will deliver fluorescein and 99mTc to tumors. "
4.	Inflammation 01/01/2007 - "Disappearance of subjective symptoms, increase in best corrected visual acuity, tear meniscus, tear breakup time, decrease in inflammation, fluorescein staining and improvement in impression cytology were measured. " 03/01/1990 - "Elimination or significant reduction of fluorescein leakage within a treatment group constituted increased efficacy in controlling inflammation. " 12/01/2002 - "Treatment was considered effective in 32 patients (52.45%): improvement of visual acuity (more than two lines) or control of inflammation on fluorescein angiography. " 02/01/2012 - "After 4 weeks of the treatment, the inflammation of the ocular surface was relieved obviously in both group and the mean score of the corneal fluorescein staining (FL) was lower than that before the treatment in each group. " 07/01/2005 - "Success was judged by the composite clinical end point of visual acuity, control of intraocular inflammation, ability to taper concomitant medication therapy, and improvement in inflammatory signs on fluorescein angiography and/or ocular coherence tomography. "
5.	Hemorrhage 11/01/2003 - "Three eyes had an improvement in visual acuity of more than 2 lines, and fluorescein angiography showed stabilization of the membrane and reduction of the hemorrhages and subretinal fluid at the last follow-up. " 09/01/1997 - "Fluorescein angiography was more effective, in general, than ICG angiography in detecting CNV; however, CNVs with subretinal hemorrhage (2 of 35 sites) were visible only with ICG angiography. " 10/01/2007 - "Improved visual acuity (VA) and cessation of fluorescein leakage was achieved within 18 months in all eyes; however, subretinal hemorrhage and subfoveal fluid recurred due to new or recurrent PCV. " 09/15/1988 - "Fluorescein angiography helped differentiate these subretinal hemorrhages from those caused by subretinal neovascularization." 09/01/1997 - "This study confirms that only ICG angiography can identify CNV hidden by subretinal hemorrhage, although fluorescein angiography is otherwise superior. "

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4.	Indocyanine Green (Cardio-Green)
5.	bevacizumab
6.	Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate (FITC)
7.	1-phenyl-3,3-dimethyltriazene (PDT)
8.	Dextrans (Dextran)
9.	verteporfin (Visudyne)
10.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Light Coagulation
2.	Lasers (Laser)
3.	Photochemotherapy (Photodynamic Therapy)
4.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)
5.	Intravitreal Injections