Hemifacial Spasm

Recurrent clonic contraction of facial muscles, restricted to one side. It may occur as a manifestation of compressive lesions involving the seventh cranial nerve (FACIAL NERVE DISEASES), during recovery from BELL PALSY, or in association with other disorders. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1378)

Also Known As:

Networked: 713 relevant articles (114 outcomes, 79 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Blepharospasm
2.	Torticollis (Wryneck)
3.	Trigeminal Neuralgia (Tic Douloureux)
4.	Dystonic Disorders (Writer's Cramp)
5.	Strabismus (Squint)

Experts

1.	Zhong, Jun: 18 articles (03/2015 - 12/2010)
2.	Park, Kwan: 15 articles (02/2015 - 03/2007)
3.	Li, Shi-Ting: 14 articles (11/2015 - 12/2010)
4.	Zhu, Jin: 13 articles (03/2015 - 12/2010)
5.	Kong, Doo-Sik: 11 articles (02/2015 - 03/2007)
6.	Balzer, Jeffrey: 9 articles (12/2015 - 07/2012)
7.	Ying, Tingting: 8 articles (12/2015 - 12/2010)
8.	Habeych, Miguel: 8 articles (12/2015 - 07/2012)
9.	Ying, Ting-Ting: 8 articles (11/2015 - 01/2011)
10.	Thirumala, Parthasarathy D: 8 articles (04/2015 - 02/2011)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Hemifacial Spasm:

1.	Botulinum Toxins (Botulinum Toxin)IBA 04/01/2006 - "In conclusion, in patients with hemifacial spasm, botulinum toxin, at a clinically effective dose, induces no clinical signs of diffusion and does not reduce the CMAP size in the nearby untreated orbicularis oris or contralateral facial muscles." 09/01/1992 - "Botulinum toxin appears to be an effective and safe method of therapy for hemifacial spasm." 01/01/2005 - "To determine whether botulinum toxin (BtA) is an effective and safe treatment for hemifacial spasm. " 03/01/2013 - "To evaluate the safety and efficacy of type A botulinum toxin in the treatment of hemifacial spasm. " 03/01/2013 - "[Safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin in hemifacial spasm]."
2.	Type A Botulinum Toxins (Botulinum A Toxin)FDA Link 07/01/2010 - "Botulinum toxin type A (BTX) injection into the orbicularis oculi muscle is an effective treatment for patients with hemifacial spasm (HFS). " 02/01/2013 - "Botulinum toxin type-A is currently thought to be effective and safe for hemifacial spasm (HFS). " 01/01/1995 - "The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Botulinum-A Toxin for the treatment of hemifacial spasm in those subjects for whom the presently available medical therapy is inadequate. " 10/01/1995 - "The evaluation of the efficacy of botulinum A toxin injection for hemifacial spasm has never previously been done in a double-blind study in spite of its use as a treatment. " 01/01/2015 - "Clinical and electrophysiological studies of botulinum toxin type A to treat hemifacial spasm complicated with auricular symptoms."
3.	onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox)FDA Link 01/01/2010 - "Fifty-seven patients participated in this study: 21 blepharospasm (from whom 11 were treated with Botox; and 10, with Prosigne) and 36 hemifacial spasm patients (17 were treated with Botox; and 19, with Prosigne). " 01/01/2007 - "The aim of our study was to compare the efficacy and safety of Prosigne in the treatment of blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm in comparison to Botox. " 01/01/2010 - "Therefore, it has been concluded that Botox and Prosigne have similar efficacy, safety, and tolerability profiles, so that a dose equivalence of 1:1 may be considered for blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm treatments." 01/01/2010 - "The mean effect time length was similar for both blepharospasm (11.3 weeks for both toxins) and hemifacial spasm patients (12.8 weeks for Botox and 12.9 weeks for Prosigne). " 01/01/2010 - "This prospective, randomized, double-blind study compared Prosigne, a BTA of Chinese origin, with Botox to establish safety, efficacy, and equivalence of doses between those 2 formulations in blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm treatment. "
4.	Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/1994 - "To report our experience with doxorubicin chemomyectomy as an alternative to other treatments for hemifacial spasm (HFS). " 03/01/2004 - "To describe our experience with selective chemical rhizotomy of facial nerves using adriamycin (ADM) in a patient with hemifacial spasm (HFS). " 03/01/2004 - "Successful treatment of hemifacial spasm with selective facial nerve block using doxorubicin (adriamycin) under local anesthesia." 07/01/2001 - "Doxorubicin chemomyectomy is a potent method for the permanent removal of a muscle or group of muscles after direct local injection, and has been used successfully to treat blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm patients. " 02/01/1998 - "Doxorubicin chemomyectomy is an evolving technique and an effective treatment for essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasms symptomatically localized to the eyelids. "
5.	gabapentin (Neurontin)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1999 - "Our findings suggest that gabapentin may be an effective treatment for patients with hemifacial spasm with a very good ratio of therapeutic effects to side effects when compared with other drugs currently used." 08/01/2001 - "Gabapentin was effective and safe in reducing hemifacial spasm in 16 out 23 (69.6%) patients." 07/01/1999 - "We present 5 patients affected by hemifacial spasm who responded well to the novel anticonvulsant drug gabapentin. " 08/01/2001 - "To evaluate the efficacy of gabapentin in the treatment of hemifacial spasm. " 04/01/1996 - "We report a patient with hemifacial spasm who responded well to gabapentin therapy. "
6.	abobotulinumtoxinAFDA Link 06/01/1998 - "This study is the first to show, in detail, the long term results of treatments of hemifacial spasm with Dysport. " 06/01/1998 - "To describe the long term efficacy and side effects of the treatment of hemifacial spasm with Dysport and to evaluate two different sites of injection to hopefully reduce side effects. " 06/01/2005 - "At the twelfth week after Dysport injection, it was still effective in relieving blepharospasm or hemifacial spasm. " 01/01/2015 - "Systematic Literature Review of AbobotulinumtoxinA in Clinical Trials for Blepharospasm and Hemifacial Spasm." 01/01/2015 - "The aim was to elucidate clinical trial efficacy, safety, and dosing practices of abobotulinumtoxinA (ABO) treatment in adult patients with blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm. "
7.	Benign essential blepharospasmIBA 08/01/2015 - "Twelve patients with benign essential blepharospasm and 30 with hemifacial spasm treated with BTX-A were included in this study. " 09/01/2010 - "Twenty-six patients were enrolled in this study, 15 (57.7%) with hemifacial spasm and 11 (42.3%) with benign essential blepharospasm. " 12/01/2007 - "The purpose of this study was to assess the possible role of major stressful life events, complicated grief, and depression in the pathogenesis of benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) and hemifacial spasm (HFS). " 04/01/2014 - "There were no significant differences between genders or between benign essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm subgroups. " 09/01/2010 - "Patients with the diagnosis of hemifacial spasm or benign essential blepharospasm were evaluated and invited to answer the Ocular Surface Index Disease (OSID) questionnaire. "
8.	CosmeticsIBA 05/01/2002 - "These applications include ocular disorders, disorders of the upper aerodigestive tract, dystonia and hemifacial spasm, cosmetic, gastrointestinal disorders, genitourinary disorders, management of pain, and use in autonomic nervous system disorders. " 06/01/2001 - "These applications include ocular disorders, disorders of the upper aerodigestive tract, dystonia and hemifacial spasm, cosmetic, gastrointestinal disorders, genitourinary disorders, management of pain, and use in autonomic nervous system disorders. " 04/01/1997 - "Hemifacial spasm (HFS), a condition characterized by involuntary unilateral facial spasms, is a disabling disorder resulting in functional compromise, patient frustration, cosmetic deformity, and social embarrassment. " 07/01/2011 - "Intramuscular BoNT injection is widely recognized as a safe and effective treatment for blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, cervical dystonia, spasticity, squint, migraine, hyperhidrosis, wrinkles (cosmetic purpose), achalasia, hyperactive bladder, etc. BoNT preparations are used in more than 70 countries. " 02/01/2001 - "In the field of otolaryngology, these include spasmodic dysphonia, oromandibular dystonia, and blepharospasm; vocal tics and stuttering; cricopharyngeal achalasia; various tremors and tics; hemifacial spasm; temporomandibular joint disorders; and a number of cosmetic applications. "
9.	ZincIBA 10/01/2014 - "Scientific skepticism and new discoveries: an analysis of a report of zinc/phytase supplementation and the efficacy of botulinum toxins in treating cosmetic facial rhytides, hemifacial spasm and benign essential blepharospasm." 04/01/2012 - "This study suggests a potentially meaningful role for zinc and/or phytase supplementation in increasing the degree and duration of botulinum toxin effect in the treatment of cosmetic facial rhytids, benign essential blepharospasm, and hemifacial spasm." 10/01/2014 - "A recent paper in the Journal of Drugs in Dermatology by Koshy and colleagues (2012, 11( 4 ):507-512) report on "Effect of Dietary Zinc and Phytase Supplementation on Botulinum Toxin Treatments" and conclude by claiming the discovery of "a potentially meaningful role for zinc and/or phytase supplementation in increasing the degree and duration of botulinum toxin effect in the treatment of cosmetic facial rhytids, benign essential blepharospasm, and hemifacial spasm". " 04/01/2012 - "In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover pilot study, we examined the efficacy of three botulinum toxin preparations (onabotulinumtoxinA, abobotulinumtoxinA, and rimabotulinumtoxinB) following oral supplementation with zinc citrate 50 mg and phytase 3,000 PU, zinc gluconate 10 mg, or lactulose placebo in individuals treated for cosmetic facial rhytids, benign essential blepharospasm, and hemifacial spasm. "
10.	6-Phytase (Phytase)IBA 10/01/2014 - "Scientific skepticism and new discoveries: an analysis of a report of zinc/phytase supplementation and the efficacy of botulinum toxins in treating cosmetic facial rhytides, hemifacial spasm and benign essential blepharospasm." 04/01/2012 - "This study suggests a potentially meaningful role for zinc and/or phytase supplementation in increasing the degree and duration of botulinum toxin effect in the treatment of cosmetic facial rhytids, benign essential blepharospasm, and hemifacial spasm." 10/01/2014 - "A recent paper in the Journal of Drugs in Dermatology by Koshy and colleagues (2012, 11( 4 ):507-512) report on "Effect of Dietary Zinc and Phytase Supplementation on Botulinum Toxin Treatments" and conclude by claiming the discovery of "a potentially meaningful role for zinc and/or phytase supplementation in increasing the degree and duration of botulinum toxin effect in the treatment of cosmetic facial rhytids, benign essential blepharospasm, and hemifacial spasm". " 04/01/2012 - "In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover pilot study, we examined the efficacy of three botulinum toxin preparations (onabotulinumtoxinA, abobotulinumtoxinA, and rimabotulinumtoxinB) following oral supplementation with zinc citrate 50 mg and phytase 3,000 PU, zinc gluconate 10 mg, or lactulose placebo in individuals treated for cosmetic facial rhytids, benign essential blepharospasm, and hemifacial spasm. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Decompression 06/01/2006 - "In 6 of 7 patients with AMR that disappeared early before the completion of decompression, hemifacial spasm resolved completely. " 01/01/2013 - "Here, we present a case of recurrent hemifacial spasm after microvascular decompression (MVD) treated with pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) treatment with good results. " 12/01/2010 - "A foramen magnum decompression successfully relieved the hemifacial spasm. " 06/01/1996 - "In addition, the abnormal muscle response continued to improve during the follow-up period, thus the electrophysiological status of the hemifacial spasm after the microvascular decompression improved significantly with time (p < 0.05). " 10/01/2012 - "Microvascular decompression (MVD) for hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a safe and effective treatment with favorable outcomes. "
2.	Injections 09/01/1996 - "The BOTX-A injection is an effective and safe treatment for patients with hemifacial spasm and the effect could be sustained over the consecutive injections." 06/01/2000 - "Twenty-six of the patients with hemifacial spasm preferred the Riolan's injections; the other 4 decided to continue with periorbital injections. " 06/01/2000 - "Thirty patients with hemifacial spasm, all of whom had previously been treated with conventional periorbital injections, were treated with injections of the toxin into the region of Riolan's muscle at the medial and lateral extremities of the upper lid on the affected side. " 05/01/1993 - "Additionally, dose comparisons were made with 269 injections in 71 patients with hemifacial spasm. " 05/01/2002 - "A previous phase I trial demonstrated that such injections could successfully treat blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm. "
3.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 03/01/2008 - "After treatment, the patients with idiopathic hemifacial spasm improved significantly in terms of both severity and awareness scores, but the patients with neurovascular hemifacial spasm improved only in the awareness scores. " 11/01/2004 - "The hemifacial spasm alleviated gradually and disappeared completely 6 months after treatment. " 03/01/2008 - "In conclusion, patients with idiopathic hemifacial spasm experienced a greater improvement after treatment with botulinum toxin than did patients with neurovascular hemifacial spasm." 09/01/2002 - "We describe the cases of bilateral hemifacial spasms that have been diagnosed in the Virgen Macarena Hospital in Seville and La Fe in Valencia since 1980, as well as the follow up after treatment with Botulinum toxin. " 09/03/1999 - "To investigate interactions between face and hand representations in the human motor cortex, we studied patients with a hemifacial spasm before and after treatment with Botulinum toxin. "
4.	Surgical Decompression 09/01/2005 - "In the treatment of hemifacial spasm, surgical decompression of the facial nerve has been used with good results in both adults and children. " 06/01/2011 - "Surgical decompression may be reserved for the medically intractable patients with trigeminal neuralgia or hemifacial spasm." 01/01/2006 - "The similarities between typewriter tinnitus and other cranial nerve syndromes associated with vascular compression (trigeminal neuralgia, hemifacial spasm, and glossopharyngeal neuralgia) suggest that surgical decompression of the auditory nerve can relieve medication-refractive cases of typewriter tinnitus."
5.	Subcutaneous Injections 01/01/2002 - "Although the beneficial effect of subcutaneous injections of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) is well known in both blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm, the position of the injection sites around the orbicularis oculi may influence the effectiveness and side effects. " 09/01/2002 - "The subcutaneous injection of type A botulinum toxin, until now used only for the treatment of blepharospasm or hemifacial spasm, has shown to be a useful treatment for localized hyperhidrosis. " 05/15/1985 - "Twenty-two patients, 17 with benign essential blepharospasm and five with hemifacial spasm, received botulinum toxin by subcutaneous injections in the eyelids and eyebrows. "