Endotoxemia

A condition characterized by the presence of ENDOTOXINS in the blood. On lysis, the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria enters the systemic circulation and initiates a pathophysiologic cascade of pro-inflammatory mediators.

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Networked: 3925 relevant articles (277 outcomes, 593 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Sepsis (Septicemia)
2.	Inflammation
3.	Septic Shock (Toxic Shock Syndrome)
4.	Lung Injury
5.	Shock

Experts

1.	Tracey, Kevin J: 29 articles (02/2015 - 01/2002)
2.	Jilma, Bernd: 27 articles (08/2010 - 05/2002)
3.	Pickkers, Peter: 25 articles (01/2015 - 09/2005)
4.	Wang, Haichao: 23 articles (01/2015 - 01/2002)
5.	van der Poll, Tom: 23 articles (01/2013 - 04/2002)
6.	van der Hoeven, Johannes G: 21 articles (01/2015 - 04/2006)
7.	Lehmann, Christian: 18 articles (09/2015 - 01/2003)
8.	Reilly, Muredach P: 18 articles (04/2015 - 11/2004)
9.	Marsik, Claudia: 18 articles (01/2010 - 01/2003)
10.	Yang, Huan: 17 articles (01/2015 - 01/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Endotoxemia:

1.	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor)IBA 01/01/2014 - "Furthermore, annexin A5-treated animals showed significant reductions in myocardial and plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β while cardiac function was significantly improved during endotoxemia. " 12/01/2005 - "Neutralization of TNFalpha was beneficial in endotoxemia, or after systemic challenge with gram-negative organisms, Staphylococcus aureus, or Group B streptococci. " 04/29/1994 - "The results indicate that rBPI23 can provide significant protection against the metabolic disturbances and TNF-alpha release associated with endotoxemia. " 01/01/1994 - "The liver modulates host responses to endotoxemia by production and clearance of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and eicosanoid lipoxygenation products. " 05/01/2004 - "This study investigates whether tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) might be responsible for the LBP formation during endogenous endotoxemia postburn. "
2.	CytokinesIBA 01/01/2013 - "Treatment of endotoxemia with hATSCs decreased the level of inflammatory cytokines both in serum and in the lung, reduced inflammatory changes in the lung, prevented apoptosis in the kidney and improved multi-organ injury. " 01/01/2012 - "Additionally, LAME also improved survival in a mouse model of endotoxemia and reduced the circulatory levels of cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α). " 08/15/2015 - "Our study suggests that VPA attenuates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a canine endotoxemia model in vitro and in vivo. " 01/01/2013 - "As cellular variability and circadian rhythmicity play critical roles in immune and inflammatory responses, we present in this study an agent-based model of human endotoxemia to examine the interplay between circadian controls, cellular variability and stochastic dynamics of inflammatory cytokines. " 10/01/2012 - "This study explored the predictive capacity of IP, endotoxemia and cytokines as prognostic indicators in AP patients. "
3.	HMGB1 Protein (HMG1)IBA 02/01/2006 - "sinensis significantly attenuated systemic HMGB1 accumulation in vivo, and conferred a dose-dependent protection against lethal endotoxemia. " 08/01/2009 - "This study aims to test the hypothesis that in response to LPS stimulation, hepatic Kupffer cells and extrahepatic macrophages release a large amount of the inflammatory cytokine high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) into the bile and that bile containing HMGB1 contributes to gut barrier dysfunction in experimental endotoxemia. " 08/01/2009 - "In the present study, we wanted to determine whether tissue and circulating levels of HMGB1 are increased further in the absence of HO-1 during endotoxemia, and whether this increase may contribute to the pathobiology of endotoxemia. " 01/01/2013 - "However, the effect of GL on HMGB1 expression in endotoxemia as well as its underlying molecular mechanism remained unclear. " 09/01/2011 - "Identification of lipopolysaccharide-binding peptide regions within HMGB1 and their effects on subclinical endotoxemia in a mouse model."
4.	Interleukin-10 (Interleukin 10)IBA 02/01/1999 - "While mouse IL-10 (mIL-10) has been used in the majority of studies in murine endotoxemia, we have found the human homolog to be equally effective in suppressing inflammatory cytokine production and in protecting mice from endotoxin lethality. " 11/01/1996 - "Several laboratories have described the protective effects of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in mouse models of lethal endotoxemia. " 02/01/1999 - "Endogenous mouse interleukin-10 is up-regulated by exogenously administered recombinant human interleukin-10, but does not contribute to the efficacy of the human protein in mouse models of endotoxemia." 03/01/2002 - "The objective of this study was to show that PBN administration in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS) induced endotoxemia promotes enhanced production of endogenous interleukin 10 (IL-10), and the expressed IL-10 is a causal factor in the protection from endotoxemia. " 10/01/1996 - "Hypercortisolemia increases plasma interleukin-10 concentrations during human endotoxemia--a clinical research center study."
5.	AntibodiesIBA 10/21/2014 - "Consequently, BC enriched in antibodies to LPS may ameliorate endotoxemia-related morbidities. " 05/21/2002 - "In a model of endotoxemia, passive immunization with anti-HMG-1 antibodies attenuated the development of hypophagia, indicating that HMG-1 is a mediator of sickness behaviour associated with endotoxemia." 06/01/1998 - "Although murine monoclonal and rabbit polyclonal rETNF or rHTNF antibodies are capable of inhibiting native equine TNF activity in vitro, when given after initiation of endotoxemia, administration of 0.1 mg of rabbit polyclonal rHTNF/kg does not alter the response to infusion of endotoxin." 05/01/1991 - "Systemic administration of TNF produces most of the physiologic derangements that are associated with endotoxemia and antibodies that are directed against TNF significantly reduce LPS-induced mortality in experimental animals. " 09/01/1990 - "Anti-LPS antibodies reduce endotoxemia in whole body 60Co irradiated primates: a preliminary report."
6.	Nitric Oxide (Nitrogen Monoxide)FDA Link 03/15/1993 - "Role of nitric oxide pathway in the protection against lethal endotoxemia afforded by low doses of lipopolysaccharide." 05/01/2004 - "Animal studies have suggested that nitric oxide (NO) synthases (NOS) play a role in the regulation of protein metabolism in endotoxemia. " 09/01/2003 - "Therefore, it was the aim of the study to investigate the effects of nitric oxide (NO) on leukocyte-independent endothelial damage during endotoxemia. " 08/01/1999 - "The study aim was to determine the role of nitric oxide (NO) in mediating the suppression of rat jejunal circular smooth muscle activity during endotoxemia. " 01/01/1999 - "The aim of this study is to clarify the influence of nitric oxide (NO) in cerebral circulation during endotoxemia. "
7.	Interleukin-6 (Interleukin 6)IBA 01/15/1998 - "In this study, the role of IL-6 in acute inflammatory responses was investigated in animal models of endotoxic lung or endotoxemia by using IL-6+/+ and IL-6-/- mice. " 09/01/1993 - "This study attempted to examine whether the observed IL-6 response during abdominal aortic surgery is related to the development of portal endotoxemia. " 05/01/1992 - "A study was conducted to determine whether serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) activity increased in horses during experimentally induced endotoxemia and whether serum IL-6 activity correlated to changes in clinical or laboratory data. " 09/01/2015 - "Plasma and chylomicron-endotoxemia, plasma LPS transporters (LBP, sCD14) and IL-6, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) translocation, and IL-6 gene expression of immune cells were measured. " 02/01/2015 - "Interleukin-6 (IL-6) was used to assess the acute inflammatory response to endotoxemia. "
8.	Polymyxin B (Aerosporin)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1989 - "In this group, polymyxin B also accomplished a reduction in endotoxemia from preoperative to postoperative cases, but there was no significant reduction in clinical complication rate or mortality. " 01/01/1992 - "It is concluded that polymyxin B is a safe and effective treatment against endotoxemia." 09/15/2013 - "Administration of polymyxin B IV in healthy neonatal foals challenged with lipopolysaccharide attenuated some clinical and serum biochemical derangements associated with endotoxemia." 09/15/2013 - "To evaluate the effect of IV administration of polymyxin B on clinical and serum biochemical variables in foals with experimental endotoxemia. " 09/15/2013 - "Effects of intravenous administration of polymyxin B in neonatal foals with experimental endotoxemia."
9.	OxygenIBA 01/01/1986 - "Comparison of cardiac output, pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, alveolar-arterial oxygen gradients, and total white blood cells lead us to conclude that type-specific immunization (SM CGL) most effectively ameliorates the changes of gram-negative endotoxemia contrasted to nonimmunization. " 04/01/2003 - "Microdialysis monitoring revealed that endotoxin preconditioning ameliorates the increase in tissue metabolism during endotoxemia, accompanied by decreased systemic oxygen demand despite unchanged global hemodynamics." 10/01/2011 - "Here we have shown that endotoxemia reduces oxygen delivery to the kidney, without changing tissue oxygen levels, suggesting reduced oxygen consumption by the kidney cells. " 09/01/2011 - "To determine the effectiveness of preinduction hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) in ameliorating signs of experimentally induced endotoxemia in horses. " 09/01/2011 - "Effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia."
10.	Glutamine (L-Glutamine)FDA Link 06/01/2001 - "With the utilization of a fluid-resuscitated rat model of endotoxemia, mortality was dramatically reduced by glutamine administration concomitant with the endotoxin injury. " 10/01/2012 - "The aim of this study was to characterize the protective effects of glutamine (Gln) on brain cells undergoing experimental endotoxemia induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. " 10/01/2012 - "Protective effects of glutamine in a rat model of endotoxemia." 10/01/2010 - "Glutamine may reduce the permeability of intestinal mucosa, and thus provides protective effects on intestinal barrier function in rats with endotoxemia." 05/01/2012 - "The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of intravenous Gln and its galenic formulation, l-alanyl-l-glutamine dipeptide (AlaGln), on the intestinal microcirculation during experimental endotoxemia using intravital fluorescence microscopy. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Resuscitation 01/01/2015 - "Therefore, single small-volume resuscitation with HES and HSH could be valid therapeutic approaches to ameliorate kidney injury induced by endotoxemia, while HTS transiently delays injury and saline shows no protective effects. " 09/01/2013 - "In OJ patient undergoing biliary drainage, preoperative fluid resuscitation through nasogastric tube may be helpful in reducing postoperative septic complications and endotoxemia." 05/01/2007 - "We previously reported that albumin resuscitation in rat endotoxemia improved contractility in isolated cardiomyocytes, but whether this effect occurs in vivo is unknown. " 05/01/1997 - "Because intrinsic myocardial dysfunction after endotoxemia may result from alterations in intracellular Ca2+ handling, we tested the hypothesis that in vivo fluid resuscitation improved diastolic function by altering Ca2+ handling of the myocardium. " 01/01/2015 - "In Vivo Evaluation of the Ameliorating Effects of Small-Volume Resuscitation with Four Different Fluids on Endotoxemia-Induced Kidney Injury."
2.	Ligation 05/01/2015 - "Moreover, the levels of ATF3 were highly elevated in established cecal ligation and puncture or LPS-injected mice, a model of endotoxemia. " 04/01/2013 - "After surgical removal of the adrenal glands, mice had much higher mortality after endotoxemia or cecal ligation and puncture. " 04/01/2005 - "To answer this question, we evaluated the evolution of hemostatic and inflammatory markers, as well as histological features, in mice sensitive and resistant to two models of endotoxemia: lipopolysaccharide-injection and cecal ligation puncture. " 03/01/2003 - "Although the synthetic antioxidant PBN has been shown to effectively protect rodents from lethality in endotoxemia (lipopolysaccharide [LPS] model), preliminary screening indicates that pre- or postadministration of PBN does not protect in the rat cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model. " 01/01/1999 - "Endotoxemia was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in three models using rats. "
3.	Hemoperfusion 01/01/2014 - "Unique features of the trial include absence of systemic inflammatory response (SIRS) criteria as a requirement for inclusion, use of the EAA to confirm endotoxemia as a requisite for treatment, and use of a detailed "façade" hemoperfusion event as a blinding mechanism. " 03/01/2007 - "Dose-related effects of direct hemoperfusion using a cytokine adsorbent column for the treatment of experimental endotoxemia." 08/01/2006 - "The rat models of endotoxemia were established, which were used in hemoperfusion. " 01/01/2005 - "The results showed the level of endotoxin in endotoxemia rabbit after hemoperfusion was near normal level. " 03/01/2006 - "Direct hemoperfusion apheresis with CTR column reduced mortality and had inhibitory effects on the inflammatory responses during endotoxemia in vivo. "
4.	Hepatectomy 05/01/1993 - "PAF-A was significantly effective for endotoxemia after hepatectomy." 01/01/2007 - "Lymphocyte population constitutes major defense mechanism against endotoxemia, but the role of B lymphocytes in endotoxin-induced hepatic injury after hepatectomy is not clear. " 11/21/2005 - "BBS or NT administration significantly reduced portal and systemic endotoxemia observed 48 h after partial hepatectomy. " 05/01/2005 - "Our results indicate a gender difference in the susceptibility to endotoxemia in the early phase after hepatectomy. " 03/01/2005 - "Endotoxemia may occur after hepatectomy and become the cause of post-operative death. "
5.	Enteral Nutrition (Feeding, Tube) 02/01/2003 - "Enteral feeding using MCT could be a practical way of protecting the liver and intestine during endotoxemia." 02/01/2003 - "Since dietary MCTs prevent alcohol-induced liver injury by inhibiting activation of Kupffer cells in the enteral feeding model, the authors hypothesized that MCT could prevent deleterious conditions in endotoxemia. " 09/01/1997 - "The transient endotoxemia is not due to the immature GI tract; instead, it results from enteral feeding following the deprivation of enteral feeds." 09/01/1997 - "Transient endotoxemia following enteral feeding may be due to the translocation from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract as a result of increased mesenteric circulation and peristalsis. " 01/01/2010 - "Early enteral nutrition with dietary fiber could alleviate damage to intestinal barrier function and decreased the incidence of bacterial translocation caused by trauma and endotoxemia in rats under extra-abdominal trauma."