Endothelin-2 (Endothelin 2)

A 21-amino acid peptide produced predominantly within the kidney and intestine, with smaller amounts produced in the myocardium, placenta, and uterus, but the cells of origin are not clear. Endothelin-2 has no unique physiologic functions, as compared with endothelin-1. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)

Also Known As:

Networked: 80 relevant articles (0 outcomes, 8 trials/studies)

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Saida, Kaname: 4 articles (06/2006 - 08/2005)
2.	Meidan, Rina: 3 articles (01/2015 - 04/2010)
3.	Spinella, Francesca: 3 articles (01/2010 - 12/2005)
4.	Bagnato, Anna: 3 articles (01/2010 - 12/2005)
5.	Rosanò, Laura: 3 articles (01/2010 - 12/2005)
6.	Kotake-Nara, Eiichi: 3 articles (01/2006 - 08/2005)
7.	Balkwill, Frances R: 3 articles (04/2004 - 09/2002)
8.	Grimshaw, Matthew J: 3 articles (04/2004 - 09/2002)
9.	Koo, Yongbum: 2 articles (02/2015 - 04/2006)
10.	Yalu, Ronit: 2 articles (01/2015 - 01/2013)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 03/01/2013 - "We sought to examine human and rat colon tumors for dysregulation of ET-2 and ET-3 expression and determine the underlying mechanisms. " 01/01/2013 - "It includes the emerging role for endothelin-2 in the cardiovascular system, ovarian development, immunology and cancer. " 01/01/2013 - "Endothelin-2, the forgotten isoform: emerging role in the cardiovascular system, ovarian development, immunology and cancer." 06/01/2012 - "Higher tumor expression of endothelin 2 is associated with a longer progression-free survival but not after adjustment for well-known pathologic indices. " 06/01/2012 - "Moreover, an increasing endothelin 2 expression in tumors was associated with a longer progression-free survival (hazard ratio, 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.80-0.99; P = .03); however, after controlling for known clinicopathologic factors, this association was attenuated (hazard ratio, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.89-1.09; P = .7). "
2.	Anoxia (Hypoxia) 01/01/2012 - "Regulatory effect of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α on hCG-stimulated endothelin-2 expression in granulosa cells from the PMSG-treated rat ovary." 04/01/1998 - "After 21 days of hypoxia, PA sensitivity to ET-2 and ET-3 was decreased, and sarafotoxin S6c-induced contraction was abolished. " 08/01/1995 - "Exposure of the cells to hypoxia (1% O2 for 16 to 24 hr) resulted in specific up-regulation of ET-1 but not ET-2 gene expression. " 02/18/1992 - "At 45 min after injection plasma levels peaked at 114 +/- 19 pg/ml plasma (n = 8) and reached basal levels again after 240 min. In contrast, much larger amounts of ir-ET were found in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, with a peak at 120 min (2878 +/- 258 pg/lung, n = 7) preceding the maximum hypoxia observed at 180 min. In both plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples ir-ET was characterized by reverse-phase HPLC as a mixture consisting mainly of ET-1 and smaller amounts of big ET-1, ET-2 and ET-3. " 01/01/2006 - "While ET-2/VIC gene expression has been observed in some normal tissues, ET-2 recently has been reported to act as a tumor marker and as a hypoxia-induced autocrine survival factor in tumor cells. "
3.	Chronic Kidney Failure (Chronic Renal Failure) 10/15/2012 - "The purpose of the present study was to determine whether endogenous ET-1, ET-2, and ET-3 systems including big ETs are altered in patients with end-stage renal disease. " 11/24/2014 - "Transgenic overexpression of ET-1 or ET-2 in rodents causes chronic renal failure. " 06/01/2006 - "To determine whether ET-1 and ET-2 play a role in feline chronic renal failure, we analyzed the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of the prepro-ET (PPET )-1 and PPET-2 genes in affected cat kidney after molecular cloning of full-length PPET-2 complementary DNA (cDNA). "
4.	Rupture 11/01/2006 - "Collectively, our studies uncovered a unique pathway in which ET-2, produced by PGR in mural granulosa cells, acts in a paracrine or autocrine manner on multiple cell types within the preovulatory follicle to control the final events leading to its rupture." 04/01/2006 - "Here we report the identification of endothelin-2 (EDN2) as a last moment-trigger of follicle rupture. " 04/01/2006 - "Endothelin-2 in ovarian follicle rupture."
5.	Ischemia 04/01/1995 - "This study was designed to investigate the changes in plasma and tissue endothelin-1/endothelin-2 (ET) after liver ischemia and to assess the protective effect of anti-ET 1/ET 2 monoclonal antibody (ET antibody) against ischemia-reperfusion injury. " 01/01/1999 - "Myocardial expression of endothelin-2 is altered reciprocally to that of endothelin-1 during ischemia of cardiomyocytes in vitro and during heart failure in vivo."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Endothelin-1 (Endothelin 1)
2.	Endothelin Receptors (Endothelin Receptor)
3.	Ursodeoxycholic Acid (Urso)
4.	Nitric Oxide (Nitrogen Monoxide)
5.	Gonadotropins
6.	Endothelins (Endothelin)
7.	Messenger RNA (mRNA)
8.	Endothelin-3 (Endothelin 3)
9.	Complementary DNA (cDNA)
10.	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics
2.	Nephrectomy