Dysthymic Disorder

Chronically depressed mood that occurs for most of the day more days than not for at least 2 years. The required minimum duration in children to make this diagnosis is 1 year. During periods of depressed mood, at least 2 of the following additional symptoms are present: poor appetite or overeating, insomnia or hypersomnia, low energy or fatigue, low self esteem, poor concentration or difficulty making decisions, and feelings of hopelessness. (DSM-IV)

Also Known As:

Networked: 148 relevant articles (21 outcomes, 54 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Major Depressive Disorder (Major Depressive Disorders)
2.	Depressive Disorder (Melancholia)
3.	Dysthymic Disorder
4.	Personality Disorders (Personality Disorder)
5.	Borderline Personality Disorder (Personality Disorders, Borderline)

Experts

1.	Bogetto, Filippo: 4 articles (01/2005 - 01/2002)
2.	Hellerstein, David J: 3 articles (07/2012 - 05/2004)
3.	Tedeschini, Enrico: 3 articles (10/2011 - 04/2011)
4.	Papakostas, George I: 3 articles (10/2011 - 04/2011)
5.	Klein, Daniel N: 3 articles (07/2005 - 12/2002)
6.	Roose, Steven P: 3 articles (01/2005 - 03/2002)
7.	Devanand, D P: 3 articles (01/2005 - 03/2002)
8.	Dunner, David L: 3 articles (10/2003 - 01/2002)
9.	Hotopf, Matthew: 2 articles (01/2015 - 01/2003)
10.	Stewart, Jonathan W: 2 articles (07/2012 - 09/2009)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Dysthymic Disorder:

1.	Antidepressive Agents (Antidepressants)IBA 08/01/2011 - "There was no significant difference in the relative efficacy of antidepressants (versus placebo) when comparing studies in MDD/dysthymic disorder patients with or without alcohol use disorders (P = .973). " 04/01/2011 - "In fact, the margin of efficacy of antidepressants for dysthymic disorder was larger than for MDD. " 08/01/2011 - "Meta-regression analyses yielded no significant differences in the risk ratio of responding to antidepressants versus placebo in trials with comorbid alcohol use disorders, whether antidepressants were used alone or adjunctively to psychotherapy, whether they were used in patients actively drinking or recently sober, or whether they were used in pure MDD or in combined MDD and dysthymic disorder populations. " 08/01/2011 - "MEDLINE/PubMed publication databases were searched for randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of antidepressants used as monotherapy for the acute-phase treatment of MDD and/or dysthymic disorder in patients with or without alcohol use disorders. " 04/01/2011 - "Future studies providing longer-term data on the treatment of dysthymic disorder with antidepressants are essential."
2.	Fluoxetine (Prozac)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/1996 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of fluoxetine in dysthymic disorder in the elderly. " 10/01/2013 - "The aim of the study is to verify whether LAC can have an antidepressant action in a population of elderly patients with dysthymic disorder in comparison with a traditional antidepressant such as fluoxetine. " 01/01/2005 - "Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine treatment for elderly patients with dysthymic disorder." 12/01/1999 - "Open trial of fluoxetine in children and adolescents with dysthymic disorder or double depression." 01/01/1997 - "A group of 23 elderly outpatients with dysthymic disorder participated in a 13-week fluoxetine trial. "
3.	Imipramine (Janimine)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/1988 - "We used a two-week, single-blind placebo washout followed by a six-week, double-blind comparison of imipramine hydrochloride and placebo in a sample of 76 outpatients with DSM-III dysthymic disorder entered into a trial at two centers. " 01/01/1995 - "This multicentre study compares the therapeutic efficacy and safety of minaprine (200 mg) to that of imipramine (50, 75, 100 mg) in the treatment of patients over 40 years suffering from dysthymic disorders as diagnosed according to DSM III. After 4-7 days on placebo, 67 patients were randomly assigned to receive either drug for a period of 6 weeks in a double-blind manner. " 01/01/1995 - "Multicentric double-blind study comparing efficacy and safety of minaprine and imipramine in dysthymic disorders." 12/01/1993 - "Fifty outpatients with dysthymic disorder (DSM-III) were divided by double-blind randomized assignment into three groups given ritanserin, imipramine, and placebo, respectively. " 12/01/1993 - "Ritanserin, imipramine, and placebo in the treatment of dysthymic disorder."
4.	Citalopram (Escitalopram)FDA Link 01/01/2002 - "The purpose of this study was to determine the dose range and safety of citalopram necessary for treatment of patients with dysthymic disorder and to attempt to increase doses in order to enhance remission of patients with dysthymic disorder when treated. " 05/01/2004 - "This study aimed to provide preliminary data on the tolerability and effectiveness of citalopram for patients with dysthymic disorder. " 05/01/2010 - "Thirty-six outpatients with Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R-diagnosed dysthymic disorder, aged 23-65 years (mean±SD=44.7±11 years), were randomly assigned to double-blind escitalopram (maximum dose 20 mg/day) versus placebo for 12 weeks. " 05/01/2010 - "Escitalopram versus placebo in the treatment of dysthymic disorder." 05/01/2004 - "These findings suggest the effectiveness and tolerability of citalopram in treating dysthymic disorder. "
5.	tianeptine (Stablon)IBA 05/01/1990 - "1,231 patients with a DSM III diagnosis of major depression or dysthymic disorder were included in a long-term trial with tianeptine. " 02/01/1992 - "This study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy and acceptability during long-term administration of tianeptine in depressed patients (major depressive episode or dysthymic disorder) in a multicentre trial, after withdrawal from alcohol abuse or dependence. " 02/01/1992 - "The clinical properties of tianeptine have been assessed in double-blind controlled studies, which involved depressed patients fulfilling DSM-III criteria for either major depression--single episode or recurrent (without melancholia and psychotic features)--or dysthymic disorder--with or without an additional diagnosis of alcohol abuse or dependence. " 01/01/1988 - "129 chronic alcoholic patients, withdrawn from alcohol and presenting major depression or dysthymic disorder, were treated for 4-8 weeks under double-blind conditions either with a new antidepressant, tianeptine (37.5 mg per day), or with amitriptyline (75 mg per day). " 03/01/1995 - "In patients with major depression without melancholia or psychotic features, depressed bipolar disorder or dysthymic disorder, the antidepressant efficacy of short term (4 weeks to 3 months) tianeptine therapy appears to be similar to that of amitriptyline, imipramine and fluoxetine and may be superior to that of maprotiline in patients with coexisting depression and anxiety. "
6.	RitanserinIBA 01/01/1988 - "Ritanserin, a selective and potent serotonin-2 antagonist, is effective in the treatment of a variety of syndromes related to anxiety and depression, including dysthymic disorder. " 04/01/1991 - "Thirty patients suffering from dysthymic disorder participated in a 6-week double-blind trial comparing ritanserin 10 mg and placebo. " 04/01/1991 - "5-HT2 receptor antagonism in dysthymic disorder: a double-blind placebo-controlled study with ritanserin." 12/01/1993 - "Fifty outpatients with dysthymic disorder (DSM-III) were divided by double-blind randomized assignment into three groups given ritanserin, imipramine, and placebo, respectively. " 12/01/1993 - "Ritanserin, imipramine, and placebo in the treatment of dysthymic disorder."
7.	venlafaxine (Effexor)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2004 - "Treatment response and side effects of venlafaxine were evaluated in an open-label trial of elderly outpatients with dysthymic disorder (DD). " 12/01/2004 - "An open treatment trial of venlafaxine for elderly patients with dysthymic disorder." 12/01/1997 - "The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of a structurally novel antidepressant, venlafaxine, in the treatment of dysthymic disorder. " 12/01/1997 - "Venlafaxine in dysthymic disorder." 03/01/2015 - "To determine the efficacy and tolerability of venlafaxine hydrochloride extended-release (XR) for major depressive disorder (MDD) or dysthymic disorder in persons with chronic SCI. Multisite, randomized (1:1), double-blind, placebo-controlled Project to Improve Symptoms and Mood After SCI (PRISMS) trial. "
8.	Bupropion (Wellbutrin)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2001 - "Bupropion sustained-release for the treatment of dysthymic disorder: an open-label study." 06/01/2001 - "Many studies of antidepressants in the treatment of dysthymic disorder (DD) have been conducted, but none has included bupropion sustained-release (SR). " 09/01/2009 - "Relatively treatment-naive depressed outpatients (with DSM-IV diagnoses of major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, or depression not otherwise specified) were initially treated with a combination of escitalopram (ESC) plus bupropion (BUP), using rapid dose escalation to ESC 40 mg/day plus BUP 400 to 450 mg/day by study day 15 in an open-label, 8-week study. " 01/01/2013 - "We describe the case of a 67-year-old man known for dysthymic disorder in remission on quetiapine and venlafaxine who experienced a first lifetime episode of hypomania with the introduction of bupropion SR for smoking cessation. " 04/01/2011 - "We defined antidepressants as those with a letter of approval by the US, Canadian, or European Union drug regulatory agencies for treatment of MDD or dysthymic disorder, which included the following: amitriptyline, nortriptyline, imipramine, desipramine, clomipramine, trimipramine, protriptyline, dothiepin, doxepin, lofepramine, amoxapine, maprotiline, amineptine, nomifensine, bupropion, phenelzine, tranylcypromine, isocarboxazid, moclobemide, brofaromine, fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, citalopram, escitalopram, fluvoxamine, zimelidine, tianeptine, ritanserin, trazodone, nefazodone, agomelatine, venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine, duloxetine, milnacipran, reboxetine, mirtazapine, and mianserin. "
9.	Phenelzine (Nardil)FDA Link 07/01/1986 - "This pilot study reports initial results of a double-blind continuation trial of phenelzine or placebo following an initial antidepressant response to phenelzine in 12 patients who met DSM-III criteria for dysthymic disorder. " 11/01/1987 - "In a 6-week double-blind trial, the efficacy of imipramine and high dose phenelzine were compared in the treatment of Major Depression with Melancholia, and Dysthymic Disorder (DSM-III). " 06/01/1988 - "Imipramine versus phenelzine in melancholias and dysthymic disorders." 11/01/1987 - "Double-blind study of imipramine versus phenelzine in Melancholias and Dysthymic Disorders." 04/01/2011 - "We defined antidepressants as those with a letter of approval by the US, Canadian, or European Union drug regulatory agencies for treatment of MDD or dysthymic disorder, which included the following: amitriptyline, nortriptyline, imipramine, desipramine, clomipramine, trimipramine, protriptyline, dothiepin, doxepin, lofepramine, amoxapine, maprotiline, amineptine, nomifensine, bupropion, phenelzine, tranylcypromine, isocarboxazid, moclobemide, brofaromine, fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, citalopram, escitalopram, fluvoxamine, zimelidine, tianeptine, ritanserin, trazodone, nefazodone, agomelatine, venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine, duloxetine, milnacipran, reboxetine, mirtazapine, and mianserin. "
10.	Serotonin (5 Hydroxytryptamine)IBA 04/01/1991 - "These data are consistent with the hypothesis of serotonin abnormalities in dysthymic disorder and suggest a therapeutic role of 5-HT2 antagonists. " 07/01/1987 - "A tendency towards increased 5-HT receptor binding density in patients with major affective disorder was found compared to dysthymic disorder patients and normal controls. " 11/22/1982 - "A marked reduction in 5-HT levels was found in male and female patients with major depressive disorder, as compared to controls, but not in dysthymic disorder. " 10/01/1984 - "Platelet serotonin levels were measured in several psychiatric disorders to determine whether they distinguish among major depressive disorder (one or more depressive episodes and no manic episodes), dysthymic disorder (depressive neurosis), and schizophrenic and paranoid disorders. " 01/01/2014 - "Monotherapy with various selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) was recommended for dysthymic disorder and melancholic type MDD. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 01/01/2003 - "Pharmacotherapy for dysthymia appears to be an effective short-term treatment for dysthymic disorder. " 12/01/2005 - "This study bolsters a small but growing literature on the treatment of dysthymic disorder, suggesting that pharmacotherapy may acutely benefit patients more than psychotherapy." 01/01/2003 - "We will then review treatment studies for psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy and combined treatment, discuss treatment guidelines for dysthymic disorder, render an 'expert opinion' regarding problems in the definition of dysthymic disorder, elaborate on areas for future research and speculate on a 'five-year view.'" 01/01/1998 - "Recent studies support the use of pharmacotherapy in the treatment of dysthymic disorder. " 03/01/1996 - "Impressive advances in the pharmacotherapy of dysthymic disorder should not obscure the need for psychosocial treatment for the high proportion of patients who do not respond to medication. "
2.	Continuous Positive Airway Pressure 01/01/2010 - "Men and women with OSA diagnosed using International Classification of Sleep Disorders criteria being treated with continuous positive airway pressure and comorbid major depressive disorder or dysthymic disorder according to DSM-IV-TR criteria were enrolled into a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study between September 2007 and March 2009 at 60 outpatient sites. "
3.	Kampo Medicine (Kampo) 01/01/2010 - "Four cases of dysthymic disorder and general malaise successfully treated with traditional herbal (kampo) medicines: kamiuntanto."
4.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 01/01/1993 - "One case indicated severe anxiety and finally developed dysthymic disorder after transplantation. "
5.	Hysterectomy 03/01/1996 - "Compared to women with irritable bowel syndrome alone, those with both irritable bowel syndrome and chronic pelvic pain were significantly more likely to have a lifetime history of dysthymic disorder, current and lifetime panic disorder, somatization disorder, childhood sexual abuse and hysterectomy. "