Oral Ulcer (Mouth Ulcer)

A loss of mucous substance of the mouth showing local excavation of the surface, resulting from the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue. It is the result of a variety of causes, e.g., denture irritation, aphthous stomatitis (STOMATITIS, APHTHOUS); NOMA; necrotizing gingivitis (GINGIVITIS, NECROTIZING ULCERATIVE); TOOTHBRUSHING; and various irritants. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p842)

Also Known As:

Networked: 358 relevant articles (20 outcomes, 34 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Aphthous Stomatitis (Aphthous Ulcer)
2.	Pain (Aches)
3.	Ulcer
4.	Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
5.	Diarrhea

Experts

1.	Petri, Michelle: 4 articles (10/2011 - 09/2005)
2.	Chen, Min: 3 articles (12/2008 - 11/2002)
3.	Paul, Siba Prosad: 2 articles (08/2015 - 12/2013)
4.	Mat, Cem: 2 articles (04/2015 - 01/2005)
5.	Yazici, Hasan: 2 articles (04/2015 - 01/2005)
6.	Melikoglu, Melike: 2 articles (04/2015 - 01/2005)
7.	Li, Wen: 2 articles (05/2014 - 06/2013)
8.	Pei, Yuehu: 2 articles (05/2014 - 06/2013)
9.	Xiang, Rongwu: 2 articles (05/2014 - 06/2013)
10.	Xu, Wenfeng: 2 articles (05/2014 - 06/2013)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Oral Ulcer:

1.	Thalidomide (Thalomid)FDA Link 09/01/2000 - "Thalidomide has significant immunomodulatory properties and has been used successfully in the treatment of oral ulcers and wasting in HIV patients. " 04/01/1999 - "Although thalidomide demonstrated an unquestionable benefit in treatment of oral ulcers in HIV patients, caution must be taken given the frequent occurrence of side effects." 04/01/1999 - "Thalidomide as therapy for human immunodeficiency virus-related oral ulcers: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial." 07/01/1997 - "Thalidomide heals HIV-related oral ulcers, but caution is required." 03/01/1992 - "Before the introduction of thalidomide therapy to an HIV patient presenting with oral ulcers, a fungal or viral origin of the lesions should be excluded. "
2.	Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF)IBA 09/01/2006 - "Because of the effectiveness of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in wound healing, it may also be useful for the treatment of oral ulcers (OU) and genital ulcers (GU) of BD. " 04/01/2012 - "In spite of a very low CD4(+) T cell count and severe neutropenia, the necrotizing gingivitis responded favorably to standard periodontal treatment, and the oral ulcers healed after administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). " 04/01/2010 - "But the patient B showed a partial response to G-CSF treatment and experienced several episodes of herpetic gingivostomatitis, oral ulcer, acute pharyngotonsillitis and otitis media during follow-up."
3.	Hyaluronic Acid (Hyaluronan)IBA 05/01/2011 - "This article reviews the mechanism of action, indications and efficacy of topical Hyaluronic acid gel in the management of oral ulcers." 05/01/2008 - "Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a primary component of the extracellular matrix, and the efficacy of HA on oral ulcers is rarely reported. " 05/01/2011 - "Ihe use of topical Hyaluronic acid in the treatment of oral ulcers has been recently reported. " 05/01/2011 - "Topical hyaluronic Acid in the management of oral ulcers." 05/01/2008 - "The efficacy of topical 0.2% hyaluronic acid gel on recurrent oral ulcers: comparison between recurrent aphthous ulcers and the oral ulcers of Behçet's disease."
4.	CollagenIBA 11/01/2012 - "MSCs transplantation may help to accelerate oral ulcer healing, possibly through the induction of angiogenesis by VEGF together with increased intracellular matrix formation as detected by increased collagen gene expression. " 04/01/2010 - "Mesenchymal stem cells transplantation may help accelerate oral ulcer healing, possibly through the induction of angiogenesis by VEGF together with increased intracellular matrix formation as detected by increased collagen gene expression." 08/01/2012 - "Studies have reported the beneficial effects of Aloe gel for wound healing, mucous membrane protection, and treatment of oral ulcers, in addition to antiinflammatory, immunomudulation, antifungal, scavenging free radicals, increasing collagen formation and inhibiting collagenase. " 01/01/2014 - "ADMSCs transplantation may help accelerate oral ulcer healing, possibly through the induction of angiogenesis by VEGF and PDGF as well as epithelial and connective tissue proliferation as evidenced by increased EGF and collagen gene expression."
5.	formocresolIBA 01/01/2014 - "Oral ulcers were induced by topical application of formocresol in the oral cavity of 18 dogs. " 11/01/2012 - "Oral ulcers were induced by topical application of formocresol in the oral cavity of dogs. " 04/01/2010 - "Oral ulcers were induced by topical application of formocresol in the oral cavity of dogs. " 04/01/2010 - "The role of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in treating formocresol induced oral ulcers in dogs." 01/01/2015 - "It was concluded that laser and LED photobiomodulation were effective in accelerating the healing of formocresol-induced oral ulcers in both clinical and histological aspects."
6.	apremilastIBA 04/16/2015 - "Apremilast was effective in treating oral ulcers, which are the cardinal manifestation of Behçet's syndrome. " 04/16/2015 - "We conducted a phase 2, multicenter, placebo-controlled study in which 111 patients with Behçet's syndrome who had two or more oral ulcers were randomly assigned to receive 30 mg of apremilast twice daily or placebo for 12 weeks. " 04/16/2015 - "The mean (±SD) number of oral ulcers per patient at week 12 was significantly lower in the apremilast group than in the placebo group (0.5±1.0 vs. 2.1±2.6) (P<0.001). " 04/16/2015 - "The mean decline in pain from oral ulcers from baseline to week 12 was greater with apremilast than with placebo (-44.7±24.3 mm vs. -16.0±32.5 mm) (P<0.001). "
7.	irsogladineIBA 01/01/2008 - "Irsogladine is effective for recurrent oral ulcers in patients with Behçet's disease : an open-label, single-centre study." 01/01/2008 - "Irsogladine reduces aphthous stomatitis/oral ulcers in patients with BD. "
8.	Hydroxyurea (Hydrea)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2000 - "Oral ulcers caused by hydroxyurea." 09/01/1999 - "Side effects of hydroxyurea are few and include myelosuppression, oral ulcers and skin rashes. " 07/01/1997 - "Oral ulcers recurred when hydroxyurea was resumed in one of the patients. " 07/01/1997 - "Five patients treated with hydroxyurea for various haematological malignancies developed multiple painful oral ulcers. " 07/01/1997 - "Painful oral ulcers with hydroxyurea therapy."
9.	Carbon MonoxideIBA 09/01/2005 - "We report an additional case in an HIV/TB co-infected 39 year-old black male, who presented with chronic, painless, multiple oral ulcers, occurring simultaneously on the tongue, bilaterally on the palate and mucosa of the alveolar ridge. " 03/01/2003 - "Self reports of cold symptoms, mouth ulcers, and smoking abstinence (validated using expired carbon monoxide) were recorded on each measurement occasion. " 05/01/1999 - "Six of the patients (35%) had oral ulcers co-infected by two or three viruses. " 01/01/2006 - "Awareness of the possibility of CMV co-infection in various oral diseases including oral ulcers, Kaposi's sarcoma, and herpes zoster infections especially in immunocompromised patients is important, since spread of the CMV can easily occur to other sites with potentially fatal consequences. " 07/01/2009 - "This randomized controlled clinical trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy of single-session, non-thermal, carbon dioxide (CO(2)) laser irradiation in relieving the pain of minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis (miRAS) as a prototype of painful oral ulcers. "
10.	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)IBA 11/01/2012 - "MSCs transplantation may help to accelerate oral ulcer healing, possibly through the induction of angiogenesis by VEGF together with increased intracellular matrix formation as detected by increased collagen gene expression. " 11/01/2012 - "MSCs expressed mRNA for VEGF MSCs transplantation significantly accelerated oral ulcer healing compared with controls. " 04/01/2010 - "Mesenchymal stem cells transplantation may help accelerate oral ulcer healing, possibly through the induction of angiogenesis by VEGF together with increased intracellular matrix formation as detected by increased collagen gene expression." 04/01/2010 - "Mesenchymal stem cells expressed mRNA for VEGF MSCs transplantation significantly accelerated oral ulcer healing compared with controls. " 01/01/2014 - "ADMSCs transplantation may help accelerate oral ulcer healing, possibly through the induction of angiogenesis by VEGF and PDGF as well as epithelial and connective tissue proliferation as evidenced by increased EGF and collagen gene expression."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Lasers (Laser) 12/30/2013 - "Regarding the laser energy delivery with non-tissue alteration when irradiating CO2 laser to the transparent gel, it was worth exploring the clinical efficacy of pain relief on oral ulceration using aphthous stomatitis as a model for painful oral ulcer. " 01/01/2002 - "In dentistry, low-power lasers have been used in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity, gingivitis, periodontitis, and different forms of oral ulcers. " 01/01/2015 - "It was concluded that laser and LED photobiomodulation were effective in accelerating the healing of formocresol-induced oral ulcers in both clinical and histological aspects." 01/01/2015 - "Effect of laser (λ 660 nm) and LED (λ 630 nm) photobiomodulation on formocresol-induced oral ulcers: a clinical and histological study on rodents." 01/01/2015 - "The results of the clinical evaluation showed that the laser and LED phototherapies were able to accelerate the healing of formocresol-induced oral ulcers, which occurred first in the laser group (ANOVA, p < 0.05). "
2.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 01/01/2014 - "The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of ADMSCs transplantation on oral ulcer healing in dogs. " 04/01/2010 - "In this study, the effects of MSCs transplantation on oral ulcer healing were examined. " 03/01/2014 - "Transplantation of undifferentiated green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled autologous BMSCs systemically, submucosally or vehicle (saline) was injected around the chemically induced oral ulcer in each group of 18 adult dogs. " 06/01/2015 - "We report on a case in which an oral ulcer was simultaneously infected by herpes simplex (HSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in a kidney-pancreas transplant recipient. " 07/01/2009 - "Oral ulcers during the course of cytomegalovirus infection in renal transplant recipients."
3.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 01/01/2005 - "The objective of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics of oral ulcers in pediatric oncology patients undergoing chemotherapy and their relation with the presence of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) type 1 and Candida albicans. " 04/01/2010 - "Thus Rhodiola algida has the potential to be used concurrently with chemotherapy to alleviate the occurrence of oral ulcers." 01/01/2005 - "Oral ulcers in children under chemotherapy: clinical characteristics and their relation with Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 and Candida albicans." 11/01/2001 - "Oral ulcers have may possible causes, including immunosuppression and drug therapy. " 01/01/2000 - "During chemotherapy, grade IV hematologic toxicity was observed in all patients and grade IV non-hematologic toxicity in only one patient, who experienced oral ulcers. "
4.	Gas Lasers 12/30/2013 - "Regarding the laser energy delivery with non-tissue alteration when irradiating CO2 laser to the transparent gel, it was worth exploring the clinical efficacy of pain relief on oral ulceration using aphthous stomatitis as a model for painful oral ulcer. "
5.	Transplants (Transplant) 01/01/2010 - "Oral ulcers after a transplant." 04/01/2007 - "Reports of renal transplant patients with oral ulcers related to MMF have appeared lately and herein we have described 2 cases in liver transplant patients. " 04/01/2007 - "Oral ulcers are a frequent problem in transplant medicine. " 10/01/2009 - "IFX was increased to 10 mg/kg. Debridement of the oral ulcers and a skin graft to the lips was performed. " 12/01/2009 - "Recurrent oral ulcers and diarrhea in a renal transplant patient. "