Oral Ulcer (Mouth Ulcer)

A loss of mucous substance of the mouth showing local excavation of the surface, resulting from the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue. It is the result of a variety of causes, e.g., denture irritation, aphthous stomatitis (STOMATITIS, APHTHOUS); NOMA; necrotizing gingivitis (GINGIVITIS, NECROTIZING ULCERATIVE); TOOTHBRUSHING; and various irritants. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p842)

Also Known As:

Mouth Ulcer; Mouth Ulcers; Oral Ulcers; Ulcer, Mouth; Ulcer, Oral; Ulcers, Mouth; Ulcers, Oral

Networked: 796 relevant articles (61 outcomes, 98 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Stomatognathic Diseases: 705
- Mouth Diseases: 98
  - Oral Ulcer: 796

Related Diseases

1.	Aphthous Stomatitis (Aphthous Ulcer)
2.	Pain (Aches)
3.	Ulcer
4.	Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
5.	Psoriasis (Pustulosis Palmaris et Plantaris)

Experts

1.	Takeno, Mitsuhiro: 7 articles (10/2022 - 11/2019)
2.	Yazici, Yusuf: 6 articles (01/2022 - 04/2015)
3.	Direskeneli, Haner: 6 articles (09/2021 - 05/2009)
4.	Paris, Maria: 5 articles (02/2022 - 11/2019)
5.	Hatemi, Gülen: 5 articles (01/2022 - 11/2019)
6.	Chen, Mindy: 4 articles (02/2022 - 11/2019)
7.	Cheng, Sue: 4 articles (02/2022 - 11/2019)
8.	McCue, Shannon: 4 articles (02/2022 - 11/2019)
9.	Chen, Min: 4 articles (09/2021 - 11/2002)
10.	Hitomi, Suzuro: 4 articles (01/2021 - 06/2016)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Oral Ulcer:

1.	apremilastIBA 03/01/2020 - "Current evidence shows that apremilast is effective for oral ulcer, the most common symptom of Behçet's disease. " 07/01/2021 - "Significant improvement in oral ulcer and BDCAF with apremilast was confirmed in real-world BD patients after 3 months. " 04/16/2015 - "Apremilast was effective in treating oral ulcers, which are the cardinal manifestation of Behçet's syndrome. " 01/01/2021 - "Apremilast is shown to be a safe and effective option approved by the FDA for oral ulcers. " 01/01/2022 - "The efficacy of apremilast was compared between patients with and without oral ulcer remission. "
2.	Thalidomide (Thalomid)FDA Link 01/01/1996 - "Thalidomide effective for oral ulcers." 12/01/1995 - "Current and newly-enrolled study participants with oral ulcers will all receive open-label thalidomide rather than being randomized to placebo. " 11/01/1995 - "All the oral ulcer participants will now receive open-label thalidomide in the maintenance phase of the study." 09/01/2000 - "Thalidomide has significant immunomodulatory properties and has been used successfully in the treatment of oral ulcers and wasting in HIV patients. " 04/01/1999 - "Although thalidomide demonstrated an unquestionable benefit in treatment of oral ulcers in HIV patients, caution must be taken given the frequent occurrence of side effects."
3.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 04/01/2013 - "Initial corticosteroid treatment improved the clinical signs, but the onset of laminitis necessitated a reduction in dosage, which was associated with a recurrence of lesions and development of oral ulcers. " 01/01/2001 - "Oral ulcers can often be treated by topical application of corticosteroids. " 01/01/2022 - "The current trial was conducted to assess the effect of diode laser therapy compared to topical corticosteroid in management of oral ulcers of BD. " 01/01/2023 - "A corticosteroid was prescribed in 40% of patients and was associated with oral ulcer (P = .045) and anemia (P = .025). " 11/01/2022 - "Cox regression analysis showed that female gender (odds ratio: 3.28, 95% CI: 1.51-7.14, P = .003) and corticosteroid use (odds ratio: 7.88, 95% CI: 1.07-57.97, P = .043) are independently associated with the development of skin manifestations, while family history (odds ratio: 3.59, 95% CI: 2.18-5.93, P < .001) and inflammatory-type disease (odds ratio: 1.776, 95% CI: 1.21-2.61, P = .004) were independently associated with the development of oral ulcers. "
4.	Hyaluronic Acid (Hyaluronan)IBA 12/27/2017 - "Systematic review: the efficacy of topical hyaluronic acid on oral ulcers." 05/01/2011 - "This article reviews the mechanism of action, indications and efficacy of topical Hyaluronic acid gel in the management of oral ulcers." 05/01/2008 - "Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a primary component of the extracellular matrix, and the efficacy of HA on oral ulcers is rarely reported. " 08/14/2023 - "In this study, a multifunctional, soluble hyaluronic acid (HA) microneedle (MN) patch was prepared to promote oral ulcer healing. " 05/01/2011 - "Ihe use of topical Hyaluronic acid in the treatment of oral ulcers has been recently reported. "
5.	Colchicine FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2019 - "This multicenter, prospective, open-label study included 30 patients who fulfilled the criteria of the International Study Group for BD and who were diagnosed as having active oral ulcers resistant to colchicine. " 01/01/2022 - "The presence of oral ulcers also corresponded to incomplete colchicine response, although this did not reach clinical significance (38.9% (n = 28) vs 24.6% (n = 15), P = .08). " 09/01/2020 - "Role of colchicine as treatment for idiopathic or secondary recurrent oral ulcers is still controversial. " 09/01/2020 - "The present review aims to evaluate reliability of colchicine against recurrent oral ulcers. " 09/01/2020 - "Value of colchicine as treatment for recurrent oral ulcers: A systematic review."
6.	ChitosanIBA 10/01/2016 - "In vivo study employing oral ulcers in dogs, the ulcers dressed with chitosan-layered sheets showed enhanced wound recovery and the chitosan layers on the sheet greatly assisted prolonged recovery. " 10/01/2018 - "The purpose of this study was to investigate oral ulcer healing and anti-Candida efficacy of an alcohol-free 0.1% chitosan-curcumin mouthwash. " 10/01/2018 - "Oral ulcer healing and anti-Candida efficacy of an alcohol-free chitosan-curcumin mouthwash." 03/01/2022 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nano-chitosan and nano-doxycycline gel on healing of oral ulcers. " 03/01/2022 - "Effect of nano-chitosan and nano-doxycycline gel on healing of induced oral ulcer in rat model: histological and immunohistochemical study."
7.	CurcuminIBA 02/01/2016 - "Topical application of curcumin enhanced the wound-healing process of oral ulcer in the animal model, which implicate that curcumin can be used as an effective and safe medical tool in the treatment of oral ulcer. " 02/01/2016 - "The objective of this study was to evaluate mucosal healing with curcumin in an animal oral ulcer model. " 02/01/2016 - "Enhanced mucosal healing with curcumin in animal oral ulcer model." 02/01/2016 - "After creation of an oral ulcer, curcumin, the active substance in tumeric, was applied twice over the ulcer in the experimental group but not in the control group. " 10/01/2018 - "The purpose of this study was to investigate oral ulcer healing and anti-Candida efficacy of an alcohol-free 0.1% chitosan-curcumin mouthwash. "
8.	TabletsIBA 01/01/2021 - "The objective of the current research work was to prepare chewable tablets having Acacia catechu extract useful for mouth ulcers using a 32 factorial design. " 01/01/2021 - "Chewable Tablets of Acacia catechu Extract, an Alternative to Betel (Paan) for Mouth Ulcers: Formulation and In vitro Evaluation." 06/05/2020 - "Because of the heterogeneity, Jinlianqingre effervescent tablets were analyzed separately and the HRs of the time to fever resolution and the healing time of skin rash or oral ulcer were 3.88 (95%CI: 3.19 to 4.72; P < .0001) and 3.79 (95%CI: 2.81 to 5.11; P < .0001), respectively. " 05/01/2009 - "A lidocaine-releasing adhesive buccal tablet preparation was developed to treat mouth ulcers in a patient who did not tolerate magic mouthwash. " 05/01/2009 - "Case report: lidocaine mucoadhesive buccal tablets for local relief of mouth ulcers."
9.	Azathioprine (Imuran)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2018 - "Following diagnosis of her LPD and discontinuation of azathioprine, her oral ulcers resolved completely." 01/01/2022 - "Marrow suppression due to azathioprine can occur with a low dose of 1 mg/kg. Hair loss and oral ulcers serve as early warning signs for marrow suppression." 07/11/2018 - "Azathioprine-induced pancytopenia with normal TPMT activity presenting with HSV oral ulcers." 08/01/2021 - "Azathioprine-induced severe myelosuppression accompanied by massive hair loss and painful oral ulcer in an autoimmune hepatitis patient with NUDT15 minor variant: A case report." 02/01/1990 - "The patients taking azathioprine also had less frequent oral ulcers, genital ulcers, and arthritis. "
10.	Phosphodiesterase 4 InhibitorsIBA 02/01/2020 - "The oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor apremilast (Otezla®) is indicated for the treatment of oral ulcers associated with Behçet's disease in some countries, including the USA (where it is the first agent approved for the disease) and Japan. " 10/01/2021 - "Apremilast is a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor that has proven effective in the therapy of psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and in oral ulcers associated with Behcet's disease. " 01/01/2022 - "Unlike previously reported patients, who responded well to anakinra, her oral ulcers did not significantly improve until the PDE4 inhibitor, apremilast, was added to her treatment regimen. " 11/28/2021 - "Apremilast (Otezla®) is an oral small molecule phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor approved for the treatment of psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and oral ulcers associated with Behçet's disease. " 05/09/2021 - "Apremilast is a phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor that has been Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and oral ulcers associated with Behcet's disease; apremilast has also shown promise off-label for other inflammatory skin conditions. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 01/01/2022 - "Numerous chemical and biologic agents have been characterized as beneficial in the treatment of patients with recurrent oral ulcer, but there is currently no definitive therapy available. " 09/01/1991 - "At the end of therapy and after a follow-up period of 3 months, only those patients who had a B complex deficiency had a significant sustained clinical improvement in their mouth ulcers. " 05/01/2008 - "The topical application of 0.2% HA gel seems to be an effective and safe therapy in patients with recurrent oral ulcers; the study supports the use of HA in BD with oral ulcers." 06/01/2021 - "We suggest that LR-HS can be used as a herbal medicine for oral ulcer therapy. " 11/01/2020 - "Reduction or discontinuation of MMF therapy should be considered in a patient with refractory oral ulcers and a negative workup for other causes."
2.	Low-Level Light Therapy (LLLT) 01/01/2020 - "Various clinical and animal studies have applied low-level laser therapy (LLLT) to treat oral ulcers. " 01/01/2020 - "Transoral Low-Level Laser Therapy Via a Cylindrical Device to Treat Oral Ulcers in a Rodent Model." 01/01/2016 - "Low Level Laser Therapy to Reduce Recurrent Oral Ulcers in Behçet's Disease." 12/01/2013 - "The aim of the present prospective study was to evaluate the impact of laser phototherapy (LPT) on the healing of oral ulcers. " 01/01/2020 - "The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of LLLT using a 635 nm diode laser via a transoral device to cover the whole lesion on oral ulcers in an animal model. "
3.	Lasers (Laser) 12/30/2013 - "Regarding the laser energy delivery with non-tissue alteration when irradiating CO2 laser to the transparent gel, it was worth exploring the clinical efficacy of pain relief on oral ulceration using aphthous stomatitis as a model for painful oral ulcer. " 01/01/2002 - "In dentistry, low-power lasers have been used in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity, gingivitis, periodontitis, and different forms of oral ulcers. " 01/01/2022 - "This preliminary study stands as a proof of concept regarding the potential use of infrared laser PBM treatment for oral ulcers which have not been previously investigated upon. " 01/01/2022 - "PBM treatment using an infrared pulsed laser was used to treat oral ulcers in the animal models. " 01/01/2015 - "It was concluded that laser and LED photobiomodulation were effective in accelerating the healing of formocresol-induced oral ulcers in both clinical and histological aspects."
4.	Semiconductor Lasers 01/01/2018 - "Through a clinical case, we report two locations of oral ulcers treated successfully with diode laser." 12/01/2021 - "This study aimed to histopathologically compare the effects of 810 nm and 940 nm diode laser on the healing of iatrogenic oral ulcers in rabbits. " 12/01/2021 - "Comparison between the Effect of 810 nm and 940 nm Diode Laser Irradiation on Histopathological Changes in Iatrogenic Oral Ulcers: an Animal Study." 01/05/2013 - "The aim of this study was to verify whether defocused high-energy diode laser (DDL) causes sufficient increase in local temperature to cause Hsp47 up-regulation during repair of oral ulcers. " 01/01/2022 - "Diode laser is efficient safe treatment modality for management of BD-associated oral ulcers. "
5.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 04/01/2005 - "The objective of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics of oral ulcers in pediatric oncology patients undergoing chemotherapy and their relation with the presence of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) type 1 and Candida albicans. " 11/22/2023 - "In patients undergoing chemotherapy, factors such as disturbances in mucosal barrier function as well as bone marrow suppression lead to reduced neutrophil count and function, and can contribute to the development of oral ulcers. " 02/01/2022 - "The diagnosis of ENKTL was finally confirmed from the pathological findings of oral ulcers and cervical lymph nodes and chemotherapy was prescribed. " 04/01/2010 - "Thus Rhodiola algida has the potential to be used concurrently with chemotherapy to alleviate the occurrence of oral ulcers." 04/01/2005 - "Oral ulcers in children under chemotherapy: clinical characteristics and their relation with Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 and Candida albicans."