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beta Carotene (Betacarotene)

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A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. It is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC). (From Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Engewood, CO, 1995.)

Also Known As:

Betacarotene; Carotene, beta; 3M Brand of Betacarotene; BellaCarotin; Carotaben; Hermal Brand of Betacarotene; Marlyn Brand of Betacarotene; Max-Caro; Merck Brand of Betacarotene; Provatene; Roche Brand of Betacarotene; Solatene; Solgar Brand of Betacarotene; Vetoron; beta-Carotene; Betacarotene 3M Brand; Betacarotene Hermal Brand; Betacarotene Marlyn Brand; Betacarotene Merck Brand; Betacarotene Roche Brand; Betacarotene Solgar Brand; Max Caro; MaxCaro

Networked: 2214 relevant articles (135 outcomes, 765 trials/studies)

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Drug Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Albanes, Demetrius: 129 articles (11/2015 - 01/2002)
2.	Virtamo, Jarmo: 119 articles (12/2014 - 01/2002)
3.	Weinstein, Stephanie J: 58 articles (11/2015 - 03/2005)
4.	Taylor, Philip R: 54 articles (12/2014 - 01/2002)
5.	Virtamo, J: 31 articles (09/2013 - 01/2000)
6.	Albanes, D: 31 articles (09/2013 - 01/2000)
7.	Pietinen, Pirjo: 29 articles (06/2007 - 04/2002)
8.	Männistö, Satu: 26 articles (08/2015 - 12/2003)
9.	Stolzenberg-Solomon, Rachael Z: 25 articles (08/2015 - 05/2002)
10.	Wright, Margaret E: 17 articles (12/2014 - 02/2003)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 05/01/1994 - "The dietary administration of beta-carotene (BC; 100 mg/kg food) daily has been found to be highly effective in reducing cancer incidence in male Sprague-Dawley rats fed 2-acetyl-aminofluorene (0.05% in food). " 09/01/2009 - "None of the intervention studies supported a significant reduction in cancer risk with carotenoid (beta-carotene) supplementation. " 01/01/1988 - "Animals fed beta-carotene demonstrated a smaller but statistically significant reduction in tumor number and size. " 01/01/1985 - "Available evidence thus suggests that factors associated with green and yellow vegetables provides modest protection against certain forms of cancer; beta-carotene is a likely candidate and is the focus of considerable research activity. " 09/01/2002 - "In preclinical animal studies, beta-carotene had been effective against some chemically induced cancers, but not against tumors in the respiratory tract. "
2.	Lung Neoplasms (Lung Cancer) 04/15/1999 - "In epidemiological studies, supplements of beta-carotene, which is abundant in fruits and vegetables, were not found to be beneficial in reducing the incidence of lung cancer in high-risk groups. " 07/01/1994 - "Supplementation did not result in a significant reduction in lung cancer, and a higher incidence of lung cancer was observed in the group receiving beta-carotene. " 02/01/2000 - "All three trials concluded that beta-carotene provided no protection against lung cancer; however, quite unexpectedly, two of the trials found a higher risk for lung cancer for those subjects given beta-carotene compared with those that were not. " 04/01/2002 - "Is residual confounding a reasonable explanation for the apparent protective effects of beta-carotene found in epidemiologic studies of lung cancer in smokers?" 06/01/2010 - "A meta-analysis of four randomised trials in a total of 109 394 subjects showed a statistically significant increase in the risk of lung cancer among smokers who used dietary supplements containing beta-carotene, at a mean dose of 20 to 30 mg/day. "
3.	Cardiovascular Diseases (Cardiovascular Disease) 01/01/2001 - "There is some evidence from observational studies of an inverse association between beta-carotene and cardiovascular disease, particularly in smokers. " 02/01/1999 - "Available data from several completed large-scale randomized trials indicate that beta-carotene supplementation for durations up to 12 years has no overall benefit in well-nourished populations on the incidence of cardiovascular disease or the middle-to-late stages of carcinogenesis. " 07/01/1996 - "For cardiovascular disease, observational studies are less numerous but do point to a protective effect of high beta-carotene intake. " 12/01/1995 - "Although the epidemiologic evidence is consistent with a protective association between beta-carotene and cardiovascular disease, findings from the first single intervention trial conducted in a large free-living population cast doubts on the utility of beta-carotene for all high-risk populations. " 11/01/2003 - "No increase in the death from cardiovascular diseases was observed among patients treated with beta-carotene. "
4.	Oral Leukoplakia 01/01/1992 - "The results of this study show the fair efficacy of beta-carotene against oral leukoplakias, but further confirmations through controlled clinical studies are needed." 12/31/1993 - "We have evaluated the clinical efficacy of beta-carotene, given 30 mg/day orally, for treatment of oral leukoplakia patients. " 12/01/1999 - "Beta-carotene produces sustained remissions in patients with oral leukoplakia: results of a multicenter prospective trial." 09/01/1993 - "Early results are promising in that beta-carotene, alone or in combination with other nutrients, can reverse oral leukoplakia without toxicity in short-term trials. " 01/01/1992 - "In 1989, a phase II study of patients showing oral leukoplakias and treated with beta-carotene (90 mg/day) was begun. "
5.	Carcinoma (Carcinomatosis) 05/01/2004 - "The aims of the present study were to investigate the uptake, accumulation, and metabolism of beta-carotene by the human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7. " 07/01/2005 - "The remaining cell lines (an SV40 transformed colon cell line, a small intestinal carcinoma cell line and several lung cell lines) had medium or high intracellular beta-carotene levels. " 12/01/2001 - "In summary, beta-carotene can inhibit growth of human colon carcinoma cells in vitro by induction of apoptosis in proliferating cells." 12/01/2001 - "Beta-carotene inhibits growth of human colon carcinoma cells in vitro by induction of apoptosis." 11/01/1999 - "These prespecified subgroup analyses appeared to support the idea that beta-carotene supplementation may reduce risk of prostate carcinoma among those with low baseline levels. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Vitamin A (Retinol)
2.	Vitamins
3.	Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)
4.	Vitamin E
5.	Selenium
6.	Carotenoids (Carotene)
7.	alpha-Tocopherol
8.	Zinc
9.	lycopene
10.	Antioxidants

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Chemoprevention
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
3.	Oral Administration
4.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)
5.	Radiotherapy