Fournier Gangrene

An acute necrotic infection of the SCROTUM; PENIS; or PERINEUM. It is characterized by scrotum pain and redness with rapid progression to gangrene and sloughing of tissue. Fournier gangrene is usually secondary to perirectal or periurethral infections associated with local trauma, operative procedures, or urinary tract disease.

Also Known As:

Networked: 211 relevant articles (9 outcomes, 4 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma)
2.	Necrotizing Fasciitis
3.	Infection
4.	Abscess
5.	Ulcer

Experts

1.	Jiménez-Pacheco, A: 2 articles (01/2012 - 01/2012)
2.	Nogueras-Ocaña, M: 2 articles (01/2012 - 01/2012)
3.	Zuluaga-Gómez, A: 2 articles (01/2012 - 01/2012)
4.	Arrabal-Polo, M Á: 2 articles (01/2012 - 01/2012)
5.	Arrabal-Martín, M: 2 articles (01/2012 - 01/2012)
6.	Arias-Santiago, S: 2 articles (01/2012 - 01/2012)
7.	Fu, Ju-Peng: 2 articles (04/2011 - 06/2010)
8.	Chen, Shih-Yi: 2 articles (04/2011 - 06/2010)
9.	Chen, Shyi-Gen: 2 articles (04/2011 - 06/2010)
10.	Korhonen, K: 2 articles (01/2000 - 01/2000)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Fournier Gangrene:

1.	OxygenIBA 11/01/2006 - "The use of oxygen in Fournier's gangrene." 06/01/2005 - "Hyperbaric oxygen for the treatment of fournier's gangrene." 04/01/1998 - "Hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of Fournier's gangrene." 01/01/1998 - "Fournier's gangrene: therapeutic impact of hyperbaric oxygen." 09/01/1990 - "This case describes the use of hyperbaric oxygen as an adjunct in the treatment of Fournier's gangrene."
2.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 10/01/2008 - "Fournier's gangrene is still an important disease with high mortality rates in spite of the developments in intensive care units and new-generation antibiotics. " 04/01/2002 - "We treated 2 patients with Fournier's gangrene with repeat surgical débridement and antibiotics. " 01/01/1994 - "For successful treatment of Fournier's gangrene speedy radical débridement and local application of antibiotics to cover the entire area are required." 02/01/1993 - "Twenty consecutive cases of Fournier's gangrene managed conservatively with systemic antibiotics and topical application of unprocessed honey (group A) were compared with 21 similar cases of Fournier's gangrene managed by the orthodox method (group B) during the same period. " 02/01/1992 - "Fournier's gangrene remains a true urologic emergency, which mandates aggressive initial care by means of early recognition, early hemodynamic stabilization, and the institution of parenteral broad-spectrum antibiotics. "
3.	N 30IBA 01/01/2015 - " healed infected post-operative wounds more quickly than antiseptic washes followed by gauze and was associated with fewer adverse events (1 trial, n=50, moderate quality evidence, RR of healing 1.69, 95%CI 1.10 to 2.61); healed pressure ulcers more quickly than saline soaks (1 trial, n= 40, very low quality evidence, RR 1.41, 95%CI 1.05 to 1.90), and healed Fournier's gangrene more quickly than Eusol soaks (1 trial, n=30, very low quality evidence, WMD -8.00 days, 95%CI -6.08 to -9.92 days).The effects of honey relative to comparators are unclear for: venous leg ulcers (2 trials, n= 476, low quality evidence); minor acute wounds (3 trials, n=213, very low quality evidence); diabetic foot ulcers (2 trials, n=93, low quality evidence); Leishmaniasis (1 trial, n=100, low quality evidence); mixed chronic wounds (2 trials, n=150, low quality evidence). "
4.	EusolIBA 01/01/2015 - " healed infected post-operative wounds more quickly than antiseptic washes followed by gauze and was associated with fewer adverse events (1 trial, n=50, moderate quality evidence, RR of healing 1.69, 95%CI 1.10 to 2.61); healed pressure ulcers more quickly than saline soaks (1 trial, n= 40, very low quality evidence, RR 1.41, 95%CI 1.05 to 1.90), and healed Fournier's gangrene more quickly than Eusol soaks (1 trial, n=30, very low quality evidence, WMD -8.00 days, 95%CI -6.08 to -9.92 days).The effects of honey relative to comparators are unclear for: venous leg ulcers (2 trials, n= 476, low quality evidence); minor acute wounds (3 trials, n=213, very low quality evidence); diabetic foot ulcers (2 trials, n=93, low quality evidence); Leishmaniasis (1 trial, n=100, low quality evidence); mixed chronic wounds (2 trials, n=150, low quality evidence). "
5.	Carbon MonoxideIBA 11/01/2011 - "Following parameters were taken form patients medical records: age, type of SCI, cause of Fournier's gangrene, number of surgical debridements, length of hospital and intensive care unit stay, co morbidity factors and mortality rate. " 09/01/2014 - "Demographic data, duration of symptoms, Uludag Fournier's Gangrene Severity Index (UFGSI) scores, co-morbidities [particularly diabetes mellitus (DM)], etiologies, number of debridement, stoma requirements, length of intensive care unit and hospital stay, and morbidity and mortality rates were reviewed. " 09/01/2001 - "Co-occurrence of Fournier's gangrene and pancytopenia may be the first sign of acute myelomonocytic leukemia." 10/01/2007 - "Beside 2 patients suffering from Fournier's gangrene, 2 suffering from gas gangrene and 4 patients with severe carbon monoxide intoxications, all other intensive-care patients were treated for severe burns. "
6.	PlasticsIBA 03/01/2015 - "We have considered 6 patients affected by Fournier's gangrene treated at our institution; all the patients received treatment with the help of plastic surgeons of the same institution. " 11/01/2001 - "Presented here are 23 patients with Fournier's gangrene who were treated between 1990 and 1999 in the departments of general surgery, urology, and plastic and reconstructive surgery. " 01/01/1964 - "[SINGLE-STAGE PLASTIC REPAIR OF THE SKIN OF THE SCROTUM AND PENIS IN FOURNIER'S DISEASE]."
7.	Cocaine (Cocaine HCl)IBA 01/01/2002 - "To date, there have been no reports of Fournier's gangrene following penile self-injection of cocaine. " 01/01/2002 - "Fournier's gangrene following penile self-injection with cocaine." 04/01/2013 - "Fournier's gangrene associated with intradermal injection of cocaine." 04/01/2013 - "Cocaine use within the corpora and the subcutaneous tissues produces significantly different consequences ranging from priapism to Fournier's gangrene. " 04/01/2013 - "Here we describe the injection of subcutaneous cocaine within the penile shaft skin producing ischemic necrosis and Fournier's gangrene. "
8.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 10/01/1995 - "Systemic corticosteroids are important in the treatment of Fournier's gangrene: a case report." 11/01/2003 - "If corticosteroids cannot control progression of genital ulcers nor concomitant fever, ATRA administration should be discontinued so as not to induce Fournier's gangrene nor retionic acid syndrome. " 10/01/1990 - "Whereas broad-spectrum antibiotics and aggressive surgical débridement are necessary to control Fournier's gangrene, immediate institution of corticosteroids and local wound care are indicated for pyoderma gangrenosum."
9.	Insulin (Novolin)FDA Link 04/01/1998 - "We report a case of a large perforated adenocarcinoma of the rectum manifesting as an ischiorectal abscess progressing to Fournier's gangrene in an insulin-dependent diabetic man. " 02/01/1998 - "Here we report cases of necrotising fascitis, malignant otitis externa, Fournier's gangrene and psoas abscess occurring in diabetics that needed intensive treatment with antibiotics, surgical debridement and insulin. "
10.	Heroin (Diamorphine)IBA 07/01/1986 - "A fourth addict who injected heroin directly into the scrotum and perineum, presented with Fournier's gangrene, a completely different, more lethal entity." 03/01/2014 - "Fournier's gangrene has been reported following injection of heroin and cocaine into the penis. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Debridement 08/31/2007 - "Here, we present a 42-year-old man with penile vaselinoma causing Fournier's gangrene which was treated successfully with aggressive surgical debridement, followed by penoscrotal reconstruction using groin and bilateral superomedial thigh flaps." 07/01/2011 - "We conclude that plastic surgery after debridement does not shorten the duration of hospitalization, however, this procedures is very useful to deep and broad defects by Fournier's gangrene." 06/01/2010 - "Our study is a retrospective study of patients with Fournier gangrene undergoing debridement and reconstructive procedure. " 11/01/2015 - "A few days later, he developed Fournier's gangrene and urgent radical surgical debridement of the scrotum was performed, along with aggressive antibiotic regimen and the immunosuppressive treatment was modified. " 02/01/2015 - "Twenty years earlier, he had developed Fournier's gangrene requiring extensive debridement. "
2.	Transplants (Transplant) 02/01/2015 - "NPWT before and after split-thickness skin grafts is safe, well tolerated, and efficacious in the treatment of Fournier gangrene." 01/01/2015 - "Reconstruction of scrotal defects after Fournier gangrene is often achieved with skin grafts or flaps, but there is no general consensus on the best method of reconstruction or how to approach the exposed testicle. " 07/01/2013 - "Early scrotal approximation after hemiscrotectomy in patients with Fournier's gangrene prevents scrotal reconstruction with skin graft." 05/01/2008 - "[A case of Fournier's gangrene reconstructed with negative-pressure bolster for free skin grafts: a case report]." 08/01/2006 - "Grafts and flaps have been widely used to reconstruct scrotal defects due to Fournier's gangrene. "
3.	Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy 05/01/2015 - "We present our experience in the treatment of tissue loss after Fournier's gangrene of genital and perianal regions with the use of biological mesh (derma porcine mesh) in association with vacuum-assisted closure therapy. " 11/01/2011 - "Treatment of Fournier's Gangrene With a Novel Negative Pressure Wound Therapy System ." 01/01/2011 - "VAC (Vacuum Assisted Closure) treatment in Fournier's gangrene: personal experience and literature review." 05/01/2009 - "The use of vacuum assisted closure therapy in the management of Fournier's gangrene." 02/01/2009 - "Fournier's gangrene: vacuum-assisted closure versus conventional dressings."
4.	Intensive Care (Surgical Intensive Care) 01/01/2012 - "The mean health care cost associated with a patient diagnosed with Fournier gangrene admitted to intensive care and requiring at least 1 procedure in the operating room was €25,108.67. " 01/01/2012 - "The mean health care cost associated with a patient diagnosed with Fournier gangrene admitted to intensive care and requiring at least 1 procedure in the operating room was €25,108.67. " 09/01/1999 - "[Fournier's gangrene involving all of the scrotum: treatment by multiple repeated surgical excisions, diversion colostomy, triple antibiotic therapy and postoperative intensive care]." 09/01/1999 - "Four patients with macroscopically identical lesions of Fournier's gangrene involving the entire scrotum were managed by wide surgical debridement, diversion colostomy, triple combination antibiotic therapy, transfer to surgical intensive care, multiple repeated operations under general anaesthesia for excision of atonic tissues and mesh skin grafts. " 02/01/1999 - "The dramatic course of Fournier's gangrene requires early recognition, surgical drainage, extensive surgical debridment, antimicrobial therapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, as well as intensive care treatment in order to prevent irreversible endotoxic shock. "
5.	Renal Dialysis (Hemodialysis) 07/01/1998 - "Fournier's gangrene was improved via these treatments, but she needed maintenance hemodialysis. " 04/01/2005 - "We present a rare case of perineal-onset Fournier's gangrene in a patient undergoing hemodialysis. " 04/01/2005 - "Perineal-onset Fournier's gangrene in a patient undergoing hemodialysis--importance of perineal-onset manifestation." 04/01/2005 - "Therefore, Fournier's gangrene should always be considered when patients undergoing hemodialysis manifest perirectal disorders, even when no scrotal lesions are detected, because there is the possibility of intra-abdominal and intra-retroperitoneal infections resulting in septic shock."