Sick Building Syndrome

A group of symptoms that are two- to three-fold more common in those who work in large, energy-efficient buildings, associated with an increased frequency of headaches, lethargy, and dry skin. Clinical manifestations include hypersensitivity pneumonitis (ALVEOLITIS, EXTRINSIC ALLERGIC); allergic rhinitis (RHINITIS, ALLERGIC, PERENNIAL); ASTHMA; infections, skin eruptions, and mucous membrane irritation syndromes. Current usage tends to be less restrictive with regard to the type of building and delineation of complaints. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

Also Known As:

Networked: 130 relevant articles (3 outcomes, 11 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Inflammation (Inflammations)
2.	Hypersensitivity (Allergy)
3.	Asthma (Bronchial Asthma)
4.	Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (Myalgic Encephalomyelitis)
5.	Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance)

Experts

1.	Kishi, Reiko: 6 articles (01/2018 - 05/2009)
2.	Miyake, Mio: 4 articles (11/2021 - 03/2010)
3.	Norbäck, Dan: 4 articles (11/2021 - 12/2015)
4.	Saijo, Yasuaki: 4 articles (01/2018 - 05/2009)
5.	Ito, Yuki: 3 articles (11/2021 - 08/2016)
6.	Kamijima, Michihiro: 3 articles (11/2021 - 08/2016)
7.	Sakai, Kiyoshi: 3 articles (11/2021 - 08/2016)
8.	Shibata, Eiji: 3 articles (01/2019 - 02/2012)
9.	Araki, Atsuko: 3 articles (01/2018 - 05/2011)
10.	Ohno, Hiroyuki: 2 articles (11/2021 - 01/2019)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Sick Building Syndrome:

1.	Biomarkers (Surrogate Marker)IBA 07/15/2012 - "We studied associations between dampness and indoor moulds in workplace buildings and selected biomarkers as well as incidence and remission of sick building syndrome (SBS). " 10/01/1997 - ""Sick building syndrome" is a pseudodiagnosis composed of nonspecific, transient symptoms without proven biologic markers. " 08/01/2012 - "We examined the associations between biomarkers of allergy and inflammation, indoor environment in dwellings, and incidence and remission of symptoms included in the sick building syndrome (SBS) and changes in the home environment of 452 adults who were followed from 1992 to 2002 within the Uppsala part of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS). " 07/15/2012 - "Dampness and moulds in workplace buildings: associations with incidence and remission of sick building syndrome (SBS) and biomarkers of inflammation in a 10 year follow-up study."
2.	MycotoxinsIBA 06/20/2018 - "Micromycetes producing mycotoxins therefore play an important role regarding the so-called 'Sick Building Syndrome' (SBS) that has become a global problem nowadays. " 10/01/2017 - "Micromycetes producing mycotoxins therefore play an important role regarding the so-called 'Sick Building Syndrome' that has become a global problem nowadays. " 01/01/2015 - "Being a mycotoxin expert, I knew a fair amount about "sick building syndrome" but believed that it was difficult to get enough respiratory exposure to toxins to cause the array of symptoms associated with the syndrome. " 10/01/2009 - "The following is a review of some of the work we have done since 2004 regarding the importance of molds and their mycotoxins in the phenomenon of sick building syndrome (SBS). " 10/01/2009 - "Molds, mycotoxins, and sick building syndrome."
3.	antineoplaston A10 (A 10)IBA 06/01/2008 - "Over the last 30 years in Japan, there has been a 10% increase in the number of people suffering from sick house syndrome due to toxic chemicals released from construction materials and wallpaper. " 07/15/2012 - "Dampness and moulds in workplace buildings: associations with incidence and remission of sick building syndrome (SBS) and biomarkers of inflammation in a 10 year follow-up study."
4.	chlorine dioxide (Alcide)IBA 09/01/2005 - "The efficacy of chlorine dioxide gas as a fumigation treatment for inactivating sick building syndrome-related fungi and their mycotoxins was evaluated. " 09/01/2005 - "Effect of chlorine dioxide gas on fungi and mycotoxins associated with sick building syndrome."
5.	AllergensIBA 06/01/2011 - "This study investigated the possible relationships between exposures to mite allergen and airborne fungi with sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms for residents living in newly built dwellings. " 05/01/2011 - "The purpose of this study was to investigate annual variations in indoor environmental chemical, fungal and dust mite allergen levels, with regards to variations in sick house syndrome (SHS) symptoms over a three-year period. " 09/15/2009 - "This study was performed to explore possible environmental risk factors, including indoor chemicals, mold, and dust mite allergens, which could cause sick building syndrome (SBS)-type symptoms in new houses. " 06/01/2011 - "Relationships between mite allergen levels, mold concentrations, and sick building syndrome symptoms in newly built dwellings in Japan." 05/01/2005 - ""Sick House Syndrome" is thought to be an illness caused by indoor environments such as allergens, bacteria and chemical compounds. "
6.	Volatile Organic CompoundsIBA 04/01/1991 - "This study suggests that the sick building syndrome may have specific environmental causes, including lighting and volatile organic compounds." 01/01/2015 - "Some Scandinavian experts had hypothesized that mold volatile organic compounds (VOCs) might be the fungal metabolites to blame for sick building syndrome and the time in my smelly, mold infested home made me think they might be right. " 01/22/2014 - "High levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are known as causes of sick building syndrome. " 06/01/2011 - "Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are considered the main cause of sick building syndrome and they are likely to irritate the skin, eyes, and mucous membrane; however, the toxic threshold and the mechanisms of cutaneous reaction induced by long-time VOC exposure have not been clarified. " 01/01/2011 - "Indoor air pollution by volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which may cause a hazardous influence on human being such as sick building (sick house) syndrome, has become a serious problem. "
7.	Carbon DioxideIBA 01/01/2012 - "This study attempted to determine whether any association exists between sick building syndrome (SBS) and indoor carbon dioxide (CO(2)) concentrations. " 12/01/1999 - "About half of the carbon dioxide studies suggest that the risk of sick building syndrome symptoms continued to decrease significantly with decreasing carbon dioxide concentrations below 800 ppm. The ventilation studies reported relative risks of 1.5-2 for respiratory illnesses and 1.1-6 for sick building syndrome symptoms for low compared to high low ventilation rates." 01/01/2021 - "Associations of indoor carbon dioxide concentrations, air temperature, and humidity with perceived air quality and sick building syndrome symptoms in Chinese homes." 01/01/2012 - "Office workers' sick building syndrome and indoor carbon dioxide concentrations." 06/01/2004 - "Adequate ventilation has the potential to mitigate concentrations of chemical pollutants, particles, carbon dioxide, and odors in portable and traditional classrooms, which should lead to a reduction in reported health outcomes, e.g., symptoms of 'sick building syndrome', allergies, asthma. "
8.	Formaldehyde (Formol)FDA Link 03/11/2020 - "A two-dimensional (2D) layered SnS2 film synthesized by the thermal-chemical vapor deposition method is utilized for detecting formaldehyde (HCHO), which causes a sick building syndrome. " 08/01/2014 - "Gas response characteristics were examined for formaldehyde (HCHO) gas which was known as the cause of sick building syndrome. " 01/01/2012 - "Formaldehyde (FA) is irritating to the skin and is the main cause of sick building syndrome. " 03/01/2008 - "Formaldehyde has been identified as the most prevalent cause of sick building syndrome (SBS), which has become a major social problem, especially in developing urban areas. " 01/14/2008 - "Therefore, formaldehyde has been considered as the most prevalent cause of sick building syndrome, which has become a major social problem, especially in developing urban areas. "
9.	AldehydesIBA 01/01/2011 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate aldehydes and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emission from furniture, which may cause hazardous influence on human being such as sick building/sick house syndrome. " 02/15/2012 - "A longitudinal study of aldehydes and volatile organic compounds associated with subjective symptoms related to sick building syndrome in new dwellings in Japan." 05/01/2004 - "Carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones) are suspected to be among the chemical compounds responsible for Sick Building Syndrome and Multiple Chemical Sensitivities. " 08/01/2014 - "Among them, two hydrazide (2-hydroxybenzohydrazide and 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid hydrazide) and two hydrazine reagents [2-hydrazinoquinoline and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH)] were found to react efficiently with carbonyl groups of gaseous aldehydes (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde); these are the main factors for sick building syndrome and operate as reactive matrices for MALDI-MS. Results from accurate mass measurements by JMS-S3000 Spiral-TOF suggested that protonated ion peaks corresponding to [M + H](+) from the resulting derivatives were observed in all cases with the gaseous aldehydes in an incubation, time-dependent manner. "
10.	PlasticizersIBA 01/01/2004 - "Allergies, airway infections and sick building syndrome are associated with, e.g., "dampness", a low ventilation rate, and plasticizers. " 02/01/2013 - "There are few studies on associations between airborne microbial exposure, formaldehyde, plasticizers in dwellings and the symptoms compatible with the sick building syndrome (SBS). " 01/01/2019 - "2-Ethyl-1-hexanol (2EH), a fragrance ingredient and a raw material for the production of plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, is responsible for sick building syndrome (SBS). " 02/01/2013 - "Airborne molds and bacteria, microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOC), plasticizers and formaldehyde in dwellings in three North European cities in relation to sick building syndrome (SBS)." 02/01/2013 - "In conclusion, some MVOCs like 1-octen-3-ol, formaldehyde and the plasticizer Texanol, may be a risk factor for sick building syndrome. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Breast Implants (Breast Implant) 05/01/2004 - "Among them are nonepileptic seizures, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, Persian Gulf War unexplained illnesses, toxic mold and sick building syndrome, and silicone breast implant disease. " 01/01/2023 - "Autoimmune autonomic nervous system imbalance and conditions: Chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, silicone breast implants, COVID and post-COVID syndrome, sick building syndrome, post-orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, autoimmune diseases and autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants." 11/07/2022 - "WITHDRAWN: Autoimmune autonomic nervous system imbalance and conditions: Chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, silicone breast implants, COVID and post-COVID syndrome, sick building syndrome, post-orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, autoimmune diseases and autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants." 06/01/1999 - "These syndromes include multiple chemical sensitivity, the sick building syndrome, repetition stress injury, the side effects of silicone breast implants, the Gulf War syndrome, chronic whiplash, the chronic fatigue syndrome, the irritable bowel syndrome, and fibromyalgia. " 01/01/2023 - "Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), fibromyalgia, silicone breast implants syndrome (SBIs), COVID and post-COVID syndrome (PCS), sick building syndrome (SBS), post-orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), autoimmune diseases and autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA) are frequently accompanied by clinical symptoms characteristic for dysautonomia: severe fatigue, dizziness, fogginess, memory loss, dry mouth and eyes, hearing dysfunction, tachycardia etc. The recent discovery of an imbalance of autoantibodies against G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) in some autoimmune diseases, post-COVID syndrome, SBIs allowed researchers to assume the novel mechanism in these conditions - autoimmune autonomic nervous system imbalance. "
2.	Therapeutics 10/01/2003 - "To date, relatively little is known about the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, therapy, prevention and prognosis of environment-related syndromes like multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS), idiopathic environmental intolerance (IEI), sick building syndrome (SBS), chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), candida syndrome (CS) and burnout syndrome (BS). " 04/01/2001 - "Concerning the syndromes in environmental medicine, like Multiple Chemical Sensitivities (MCS), Idiopathic Environmental Intolerances (IEI), Sick Building Syndrome (SBS), Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), Candida Syndrome (CS), and Burnout Syndrome (BS), scientific knowledge in etiology, pathology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, therapy, prevention and prognosis is still lacking until now. "
3.	Artificial Respiration (Mechanical Ventilation) 03/01/1996 - "The results show that it is possible to diminish the prevalence of symptoms associated with the sick building syndrome among office workers occupying a building with mechanical ventilation, air conditioning, and sealed windows." 12/08/1984 - "Random samples or the entire workforce in nine offices in which similar clerical work was being performed were studied using a doctor administered questionnaire that inquired into symptoms that have been linked with the "sick building syndrome." Five of the offices were fully air conditioned, one had recirculation of air and mechanical ventilation, and three were naturally ventilated. "
4.	Humidifiers 04/01/1990 - "The measured data lead to the conclusion that it is possible that both the unsatisfactory hygienic status of many circulatory spray humidifiers and the exposure to the biocides contained in the humidifier fluids, may be responsible for some of the patterns of signs and symptoms known as "sick building" syndrome." 01/01/2001 - "Various clinical syndromes are described after contact with airborne microbial contaminants via the respiratory tract: Sick-building-syndrome, humidifier lung (a form of hypersensitive pneumonitis), "Monday sickness" etc. Air-conditioning and ventilation systems intensify this problem as well as storage of compost within the household which represents a considerable source of airborne pollutants. "
5.	Transjugular Intrahepatic Portasystemic Shunt 10/01/2016 - "Sick Building Syndrome: What It Is and Tips for Prevention."