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N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDMA)

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An N-substituted amphetamine analog. It is a widely abused drug classified as a hallucinogen and causes marked, long-lasting changes in brain serotonergic systems. It is commonly referred to as MDMA or ecstasy.

Also Known As:

MDMA; Methylenedioxymethamphetamine; Ecstasy (Drug); N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine Hydrochloride; Hydrochloride, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; N Methyl 3,4 methylenedioxyamphetamine; N Methyl 3,4 methylenedioxyamphetamine Hydrochloride; 1,3-Benzodioxole-5-ethanamine, N,alpha-dimethyl-

Networked: 609 relevant articles (15 outcomes, 75 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Organic Chemicals: 58
- Amines: 1422
  - Ethylamines: 5
    - Phenethylamines: 14
      - Amphetamines: 396
        N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine: 609

Experts

1.	Sprague, Jon E: 15 articles (08/2009 - 04/2003)
2.	Carvalho, Félix: 12 articles (02/2014 - 04/2002)
3.	Williams, Michael T: 11 articles (07/2013 - 04/2003)
4.	Vorhees, Charles V: 11 articles (07/2013 - 04/2003)
5.	Rusyniak, Daniel E: 10 articles (05/2015 - 06/2004)
6.	Colado, M Isabel: 10 articles (11/2013 - 01/2002)
7.	Meyer, Jerrold S: 10 articles (01/2013 - 06/2002)
8.	Fernandes, Eduarda: 9 articles (02/2014 - 09/2007)
9.	O'Shea, Esther: 9 articles (11/2013 - 01/2002)
10.	Green, A Richard: 9 articles (02/2011 - 01/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD) 04/01/2011 - "Decrease in Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale scores from baseline was significantly greater for the group that received MDMA than for the placebo group at all three time points after baseline. " 11/01/2015 - "New research has shown that MDMA, used as a catalyst in psychotherapy, is effective in treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). " 01/01/2013 - "Designed to test the safety and efficacy of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy in patients with treatment-resistant PTSD; our randomized, double-blind, active-placebo controlled trial enrolled 12 patients for treatment with either low-dose (25 mg, plus 12.5 mg supplemental dose) or full-dose MDMA (125 mg, plus 62.5 mg supplemental dose). " 09/01/2008 - "Future studies in larger samples and using larger doses are needed in order to further clarify the safety and efficacy of MDMA in the clinical setting in subjects with PTSD." 04/01/2002 - "A Clinical Plan is elaborated for the conduct of the "adequate and well-controlled" trials necessary to evaluate the safety and efficacy of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD, with the studies estimated to cost about 5 million dollars and to take about five years. "
2.	Fever (Fevers) 07/01/2010 - "The hyperthermia occurring in recreational users of MDMA can be fatal, but data reviewed here indicate that it is unlikely that any single pharmaceutical agent will be effective in reversing the hyperthermia, so careful body cooling remains the principal clinical approach. " 05/20/2006 - "This study was therefore conducted to determine if racemic MDMA and its enantiomers induce hyperthermia and increase spontaneous locomotor activity in unrestrained rhesus monkeys. " 12/01/2005 - "Although 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; Ecstasy) has been reported to cause fatal hyperthermia, few studies of the effects of MDMA on core body temperature in humans have been conducted demonstrating increased body temperature. " 09/01/2005 - "The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of p-CPA treatment on the capacity of racemic 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and its stereoisomers to induce the head twitch response, hyperthermia, and locomotor stimulation in mice. " 04/01/2005 - "In two subsequent studies, (+)-MDMA (0-12 mg/kg) dose-dependently increased peripheral activity and rearing and produced hyperthermia. "
3.	Hypothermia 02/01/2013 - "Taken together, the results of these studies indicate that inhibition of MDMA metabolism is not responsible for the neuroprotective effect of hypothermia in rodents, and that different neurotoxicity profiles in rats and mice are not readily explained by differences in MDMA metabolism or disposition." 02/01/2013 - "The present study was designed to 1) assess the effect of hypothermia on MDMA metabolism, 2) determine whether the neuroprotective effect of hypothermia is related to inhibition of MDMA metabolism, and 3) determine if different neurotoxicity profiles in mice and rats are related to differences in MDMA metabolism and/or disposition in the two species. " 11/01/2007 - "In this study we report that MDMA (7.5 mg/kg i.p.) given at normal ambient temperatures of 24 to 25 degrees C caused, in conscious freely moving rats, hypothermia (mean decrease from baseline of 1.1 +/- 0.06 degrees C at 40 min). " 02/01/2013 - "Hypothermia did not alter MDMA metabolism in rats and only modestly inhibited MDMA metabolism in mice; however, it afforded complete neuroprotection in both species. " 01/01/2010 - "These findings indicate that mice with a MDMA-induced dopaminergic lesion show increased expression of striatal GAT-1 that may contribute to the lower sensitivity to EtOH-induced sedative effects and the resistance to the development of rapid tolerance to hypothermia produced by EtOH."
4.	Body Weight (Weight, Body) 02/01/2014 - "A significant reduction in body weight gain was observed in pups from MDMA-administered dams during P3-P21. " 01/01/2014 - "Male and female C57BL/6 mice were administered orally MDMA at 0, 1.25, 5 or 20 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) throughout the study, beginning at the premating period, through mating, gestation, and lactation periods. " 01/01/2014 - "MDMA did not produce any apparent clinical signs in F0 or F1 mice, and produced no significant changes in body weight, feed/water intake, or organ weights. " 01/20/2010 - "Prenatal MDMA-treatment provoked reduced body weight of offspring from the birth as far as the adulthood. " 02/01/2008 - "Adult male Wistar rats were divided into three groups, control treatment (water), acute MDMA administration (single oral dose: 5, 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg body weight) and subacute MDMA administration (5, 10, or 20 mg/kg body weight per day during 14 days). "
5.	Parkinson Disease (Parkinson's Disease) 07/01/2003 - "3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has recently been hypothesized to be effective against the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. " 05/01/2012 - "Studies in animal models and anecdotal evidence from a patient with Parkinson's disease show that the illicit drug ecstasy (MDMA) can alleviate these side effects, though with many drawbacks (e.g., psychoactivity). " 05/23/2005 - "It has recently been shown that 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has an anti-parkinsonian effect in rodent models of Parkinson's disease. " 03/01/2005 - "We have shown recently that 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has symptomatic antiparkinsonian activity in rodent models of Parkinson's disease. " 11/01/2003 - "What is the evidence that Ecstasy (MDMA) can cause Parkinson's disease?"

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	mirtazapine (Rexer)
2.	Haloperidol (Haldol)
3.	Clozapine (Clozaril)
4.	carvedilol (Coreg)
5.	Labetalol (Normodyne)
6.	N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDMA)
7.	Serotonin (5 Hydroxytryptamine)
8.	Methamphetamine (Desoxyn)
9.	Amphetamine (Amfetamine)
10.	Dopamine (Intropin)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Induced Hyperthermia (Thermotherapy)
2.	Injections
3.	Induced Hypothermia
4.	Transplants (Transplant)
5.	Liver Transplantation