Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy

Vitreoretinal membrane shrinkage or contraction secondary to the proliferation of primarily retinal pigment epithelial cells and glial cells, particularly fibrous astrocytes, followed by membrane formation. The formation of fibrillar collagen and cellular proliferation appear to be the basis for the contractile properties of the epiretinal and vitreous membranes.

Also Known As:

Networked: 1138 relevant articles (48 outcomes, 109 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Retinal Detachment (Retinal Detachments)
2.	Retinal Perforations
3.	Uveitis
4.	Cicatrix (Scar)
5.	Retinopathy of Prematurity (Retrolental Fibroplasia)

Experts

1.	Kazlauskas, Andrius: 15 articles (11/2014 - 02/2002)
2.	Charteris, David G: 11 articles (10/2014 - 12/2004)
3.	Wiedemann, Peter: 11 articles (10/2008 - 03/2002)
4.	Lei, Hetian: 9 articles (01/2014 - 05/2007)
5.	Wong, David: 9 articles (09/2011 - 03/2003)
6.	Reichenbach, Andreas: 9 articles (08/2010 - 03/2002)
7.	Hinton, David R: 8 articles (08/2015 - 01/2005)
8.	Ishibashi, Tatsuro: 8 articles (04/2015 - 06/2002)
9.	Kampik, Anselm: 8 articles (03/2011 - 01/2003)
10.	López-Colomé, Ana María: 7 articles (10/2015 - 02/2008)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy:

1.	SiliconesIBA 10/01/2014 - "Significant visual improvement with a low complication rate may be achieved in patients with advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy or EMM under silicone oil." 03/01/2000 - "Reports from the Silicone Study confirmed its efficacy in the treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy and addressed outcome differences in vitrectomized and nonvitrectomized eyes, combined retinotomy, silicone oil removal, and complications associated with silicone oil tamponade, such as intraocular pressure abnormalities and corneal abnormalities. " 07/01/1996 - "As part of the design of the Silicone Study, a new classification of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) was developed that distinguishes the different types of contraction found in PVR. " 07/01/1996 - "Anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy in the silicone study. " 03/01/1996 - "To evaluate the reproducibility and the prognostic utility of the Retina Society and Silicone Study Classification Systems in eyes after surgery for severe proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). "
2.	Fluorouracil (Carac)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1995 - "Suppression of experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy by sustained intraocular delivery of 5-FU." 03/01/1994 - "Prevention of experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy with a biodegradable intravitreal implant for the sustained release of fluorouracil." 01/01/2006 - "To evaluate the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil polyactic acid microsphere in prevention of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). " 01/01/2006 - "[Efficacy of 5-fluorouracil polyactic acid microsphere in prevention of proliferative vitreoretinopathy]." 01/01/2007 - "5FU, used to prevent the formation of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), is systemically absorbed when used in infusion fluid during vitrectomy. "
3.	Triamcinolone Acetonide (Azmacort)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2007 - "To report the efficacy of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide as an adjuvant in the surgical management of cases with advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). " 03/01/1994 - "Macrophages were used to induce an experimental model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) for the evaluation of drug efficacy of triamcinolone acetonide in the prevention of PVR. " 03/01/1994 - "[Triamcinolone acetonide in the prevention of experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy]." 06/15/1985 - "The effect of triamcinolone acetonide on a refined experimental model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy." 05/01/2007 - "To investigate intraoperative visibility and long-term clinical outcome following triamcinolone acetonide (TA)-assisted pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). "
4.	Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin (Heparin, Low Molecular Weight)IBA 12/01/2004 - "To determine the efficacy of a combination of 5-fluorouracil and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) to improve the outcome of surgery for established proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). " 10/01/2014 - "Effect of intraoperative 5-fluorouracil and low molecular weight heparin on the outcome of high-risk proliferative vitreoretinopathy." 12/01/2004 - "A randomized controlled trial of combined 5-fluorouracil and low-molecular-weight heparin in management of established proliferative vitreoretinopathy." 10/01/2014 - "To evaluate the efficacy of a combination of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) during vitrectomy, as adjuvants in preventing proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). " 03/01/2003 - "To evaluate the efficacy of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in prevention of postoperative fibrin formation following vitreoretinal surgery with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). "
5.	Retinaldehyde (Retinal)IBA 07/01/2006 - "Recent work has helped to unravel the causes of proliferative vitreoretinopathy, and new adjuvant treatments are being evaluated to improve the success rate of retinal reattachment surgery, both anatomically and functionally. " 11/01/2014 - "Our study clearly demonstrates that cell line-derived retinal pigment epithelial cells (unlike donor-derived retinal pigment epithelial cells) cultured in the presence of patient-derived vitreous/subretinal fluid, exhibit characteristic features of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. " 01/01/2012 - "The purpose of the study was to report the outcomes for cases of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) that received retinotomy and removal of subretinal proliferative tissue under direct visualization using retinal turnover. " 01/01/1990 - "Immunocytochemical study of an eye with proliferative vitreoretinopathy and retinal tacks." 09/01/1985 - "Several studies have focused on retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell proliferation as an important event in proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). "
6.	Dexamethasone (Maxidex)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1996 - "Sustained intravitreal levels of dexamethasone may be useful in the treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). " 01/01/2013 - "Ozurdex (a slow-release dexamethasone implant) in proliferative vitreoretinopathy: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial." 01/01/2015 - "The Effects of Ozurdex® (Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant) on Experimental Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy." 01/01/2013 - "To report a case of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with a high risk of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) effectively treated with episcleral surgery and an intravitreal dexamethasone 0.7-mg implant. " 01/01/2013 - "Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment with a High Risk of Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy Treated with Episcleral Surgery and an Intravitreal Dexamethasone 0.7-mg Implant."
7.	Daunorubicin (Cerubidine)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/1985 - "In previous studies the authors have shown that daunomycin, an anthracycline antibiotic, when injected into the vitreous effectively controls experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy. " 07/01/1999 - "Our previous experiments showed a limited effect of treatment with daunomycin when given at the inflammatory phase of the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) induced by macrophages in rabbits. " 01/01/1998 - "Adjuvant intravitreal daunomycin is frequently used for the management of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). " 01/01/1998 - "Intravitreal daunomycin induces multidrug resistance in proliferative vitreoretinopathy." 08/01/1997 - "[Proliferative vitreoretinopathy treated with daunorubicin]."
8.	perfluorooctaneIBA 07/01/2013 - "Perfluoro-n-octane is efficacious and safe as a short-term vitreous substitute for repair of a recurrent RRD with advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy requiring an inferior retinectomy." 01/01/2011 - "The aim of the study was to evaluate the ocular tolerance and efficacy of double filling with perfluoro-n-octane (n-C8F18) (PFO) and polydimethyloxane (PDMS) as a temporary vitreous substitute in patients with retinal detachment complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). " 01/01/2015 - "To evaluate outcomes in patients with complex retinal detachments (RD) with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) requiring retinectomy using a staged approach utilizing perfluoro-n-octane (PFO) as a short-term postoperative intraocular tamponade. " 09/01/2003 - "Outcomes of surgery for retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy using perfluoro-n-octane: a multicenter study." 01/01/1994 - "The use of perfluoro-octane in the management of giant retinal tears without proliferative vitreoretinopathy."
9.	Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/1995 - "We evaluated the efficacy of a plug containing doxorubicin hydrochloride to treat experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in pigmented rabbits. " 07/01/1985 - "The cell injection model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in the rabbit was used to study the therapeutic value of intravitreal adriamycin (doxorubicin). " 05/01/2012 - "We investigated the therapeutic effect of liposomal doxorubicin (Lipo-dox) on experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). " 05/01/2012 - "Attenuated glial reaction in experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy treated with liposomal doxorubicin." 07/01/1985 - "Effect of adriamycin on experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy in the rabbit."
10.	Platelet-Derived Growth FactorIBA 06/01/1997 - "To develop an experimental model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in the pig, and determine the efficacy of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) compared with different platelet plasma concentrates in its development. " 03/01/2002 - "To study the actions of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in proliferative membrane formation of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and whether there is the existence of PDGF secreting cells and target cells. " 03/01/2010 - "Recent developments in our understanding of how platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and its receptors contribute to proliferative vitreoretinopathy." 03/01/2002 - "[The effect of platelet-derived growth factor on the formation of proliferative vitreoretinopathy]." 10/01/1999 - "Platelet-derived growth factor plays a key role in proliferative vitreoretinopathy."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Vitrectomy 10/01/1993 - "The remaining eye, having developed low-grade proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR C1), was treated successfully with vitrectomy. " 09/01/1999 - "We believe that the improved success rate is a function of vitrectomy contributing to both an improved peripheral visibility, resulting in fewer missed peripheral breaks, and a lower likelihood of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. " 02/01/2007 - "Since the number of patients in this study was small, a prospective randomised controlled study comparing early versus late vitrectomy is needed to see whether early surgery also prevents proliferative vitreoretinopathy formation." 09/01/2000 - "The study group was compared with a control group which consisted of 144 patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy for proliferative vitreoretinopathy performed by the same surgeon. " 09/01/2015 - "The two patients in the vitrectomy group failed because of presumed new breaks and proliferative vitreoretinopathy. "
2.	Intravitreal Injections 01/01/1990 - "These results indicate that the intravitreal injection of IDPN might be helpful in the therapy for proliferative vitreoretinopathy." 07/01/1988 - "The intravitreal injection of autologous cultured fibroblasts has been used by many groups to study proliferative vitreoretinopathy. " 05/01/2015 - "A model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy induced by simultaneous intravitreal injection of recombinant IL-1β and platelet concentrate is created and its main morphological manifestations are studied on Chinchilla rabbits. " 04/25/2002 - "[Intravitreal injection of doxorobicin and dexamethason in treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy]." 02/01/1990 - "Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) was induced in rabbits by intravitreal injection of homologous fibroblasts. "
3.	Scleral Buckling 10/01/2012 - "This was a prospective clinical cohort study of 33 patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR: PVR<C3) and 33 without PVR, all of whom were candidates for scleral buckling (SB) surgery. " 03/01/2010 - "To describe the functional and anatomic results of retinectomy without scleral buckling for anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy in eyes that did not undergo previous buckling surgery. " 01/01/2010 - "Prospective clinical cohort study on 66 healthy patients [33 with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and 33 with no PVR] with unilateral RD candidates for scleral buckling (SB) surgery. " 11/01/2009 - "Patients undergoing scleral buckling only are at an increased risk of developing proliferative vitreoretinopathy and requiring additional procedures." 05/01/2009 - "Prospective clinical cohort study on 66 healthy patients (33 with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and 33 with no PVR) with unilateral RD candidates for scleral buckling (SB) surgery (PVR <C3) as a first and single surgical procedure. "
4.	Vitreoretinal Surgery 11/01/2011 - "Postoperative proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) developed in 12 (50%) of the 24 eyes that underwent vitreoretinal surgery, and four of these eyes became phthisical. " 06/01/2011 - "Advances in vitreoretinal surgery have greatly increased the anatomical re-attachment rate in cases with proliferative vitreoretinopathy. " 10/01/2009 - "Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) appears to be one of the main reasons of functional and sometimes also anatomical death of the eye after its damages and diseases as well as is one of the heavy complications of the post operation period at vitreoretinal surgery. " 12/01/2005 - "Patients were included who had undergone anatomically successful vitreoretinal surgery to treat proliferative vitreoretinopathy and, at least 3 months after surgery, had postoperative vision worse than expected (< or =6/12) with no identifiable cause at clinical examination. " 07/01/2005 - "We report a case of a man who developed hypotonic maculopathy after vitreoretinal surgery for anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy. "
5.	Lasers (Laser) 01/01/2015 - "The reasons for redetachment (3 eyes, 10%) were incomplete laser retinopexy, persistent chronic subretinal fluid, and proliferative vitreoretinopathy, respectively. " 01/01/1997 - "Outcome measures were divided into preoperative (diagnosis at baseline, anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy grade and extension, and visual acuity), intraoperative (size of retinotomy, number of laser spots, need for scleral depression, lensectomy, intraocular lens and capsule removal, and duration of treatment) and postoperative (anatomic success rates, visual acuity, postoperative intraocular pressure, and need for postoperative laser treatment and follow-up treatment). " 08/01/1994 - "To evaluate the ability of the ophthalmic laser microendoscope for improving the outcome of vitrectomy in the management of grade D3 anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy. " 08/01/1994 - "Laser endoscope in the management of proliferative vitreoretinopathy." 07/01/2008 - "In this large study, we identified that the aetiology of retinal detachment, the stage of proliferative vitreoretinopathy and the use of 360 degrees prophylactic laser retinopexy are predictive of functional outcome."