Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy

Vitreoretinal membrane shrinkage or contraction secondary to the proliferation of primarily retinal pigment epithelial cells and glial cells, particularly fibrous astrocytes, followed by membrane formation. The formation of fibrillar collagen and cellular proliferation appear to be the basis for the contractile properties of the epiretinal and vitreous membranes.

Also Known As:

Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative; Vitreoretinopathy Neovascular Inflammatory; Inflammatories, Vitreoretinopathy Neovascular; Inflammatory, Vitreoretinopathy Neovascular; Neovascular Inflammatories, Vitreoretinopathy; Neovascular Inflammatory, Vitreoretinopathy; Proliferative Vitreoretinopathies; Vitreoretinopathies, Proliferative; Vitreoretinopathy Neovascular Inflammatories

Networked: 1676 relevant articles (65 outcomes, 178 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Eye Diseases: 3522
- Retinal Diseases: 3014
  - Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy: 1676

Related Diseases

1.	Retinal Detachment (Retinal Detachments)
2.	Retinal Perforations
3.	Epiretinal Membrane (Epiretinal Membranes)
4.	Uveitis
5.	Inflammation (Inflammations)

Experts

1.	Kazlauskas, Andrius: 17 articles (01/2020 - 02/2002)
2.	Lei, Hetian: 15 articles (10/2021 - 05/2007)
3.	van Meurs, Jan C: 14 articles (08/2019 - 12/2002)
4.	Charteris, David G: 13 articles (01/2017 - 12/2004)
5.	Wiedemann, Peter: 12 articles (10/2022 - 03/2002)
6.	Priglinger, Siegfried G: 11 articles (01/2020 - 01/2003)
7.	Kirchhof, Bernd: 10 articles (10/2022 - 07/2002)
8.	Wang, Fang: 10 articles (08/2021 - 07/2010)
9.	Wong, David: 10 articles (01/2020 - 03/2003)
10.	Mahajan, Vinit B: 10 articles (01/2019 - 01/2011)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy:

1.	Silicone OilsIBA 10/01/2014 - "Significant visual improvement with a low complication rate may be achieved in patients with advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy or EMM under silicone oil." 05/01/2011 - "In this study, the FCVB was designed to mimic natural vitreous morphology, and evaluate its physiological functions compared with traditional silicone oil substitutes, in an established rabbit model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. " 12/01/2023 - "Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (OR = 2.95, p = 0.03) and silicone oil tamponade (OR = 3.70 compared to gas, p = 0.05) were associated with EZ/IZ damage. " 11/01/2023 - "The silicone oil was successfully maintained within the globe; however, the final visual acuity was limited due to proliferative vitreoretinopathy. " 11/01/2023 - "Postoperatively, no sign of proliferative vitreoretinopathy was observed, and at 3 months, the silicone oil was removed. "
2.	Fluorouracil (Carac)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1995 - "Suppression of experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy by sustained intraocular delivery of 5-FU." 03/01/1994 - "Prevention of experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy with a biodegradable intravitreal implant for the sustained release of fluorouracil." 01/01/2007 - "5FU, used to prevent the formation of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), is systemically absorbed when used in infusion fluid during vitrectomy. " 07/01/2006 - "The use of 5FU in the vitrectomy infusion fluid to prevent the formation of proliferative vitreoretinopathy may lead to significant general absorption and may be avoided in children and young adults." 03/01/1994 - "To test the efficacy of a biodegradable device for the intravitreal sustained release of fluorouracil in the treatment of tractional retinal detachment due to proliferative vitreoretinopathy. "
3.	Retinaldehyde (Retinal)IBA 07/01/2006 - "Recent work has helped to unravel the causes of proliferative vitreoretinopathy, and new adjuvant treatments are being evaluated to improve the success rate of retinal reattachment surgery, both anatomically and functionally. " 09/01/2023 - "The purpose of this study was to report on the use of preoperative spectral domain optical coherence tomography to assess retinal pathology and guide the surgical approach to proliferative vitreoretinopathy. " 01/01/2012 - "The purpose of the study was to report the outcomes for cases of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) that received retinotomy and removal of subretinal proliferative tissue under direct visualization using retinal turnover. " 01/01/1990 - "Immunocytochemical study of an eye with proliferative vitreoretinopathy and retinal tacks." 12/01/2023 - "There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications, except for retinal redetachment caused by proliferative vitreoretinopathy, that occurred in only one eye (1.9%). "
4.	Triamcinolone Acetonide (Azmacort)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2007 - "To report the efficacy of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide as an adjuvant in the surgical management of cases with advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). " 03/01/1994 - "Macrophages were used to induce an experimental model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) for the evaluation of drug efficacy of triamcinolone acetonide in the prevention of PVR. " 11/28/2023 - "To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (TA) injection at the end of emergency surgery for open globe injury (OGI) to suppress traumatic proliferative vitreoretinopathy (TPVR). " 03/01/1994 - "[Triamcinolone acetonide in the prevention of experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy]." 06/15/1985 - "The effect of triamcinolone acetonide on a refined experimental model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy."
5.	Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin (Heparin, Low Molecular Weight)IBA 12/01/2004 - "To determine the efficacy of a combination of 5-fluorouracil and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) to improve the outcome of surgery for established proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). " 10/01/2014 - "Effect of intraoperative 5-fluorouracil and low molecular weight heparin on the outcome of high-risk proliferative vitreoretinopathy." 12/01/2004 - "A randomized controlled trial of combined 5-fluorouracil and low-molecular-weight heparin in management of established proliferative vitreoretinopathy." 10/01/2014 - "To evaluate the efficacy of a combination of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) during vitrectomy, as adjuvants in preventing proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). " 03/01/2003 - "To evaluate the efficacy of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in prevention of postoperative fibrin formation following vitreoretinal surgery with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). "
6.	Dexamethasone (Maxidex)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1996 - "Sustained intravitreal levels of dexamethasone may be useful in the treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). " 10/28/2013 - "Ozurdex (a slow-release dexamethasone implant) in proliferative vitreoretinopathy: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial." 01/01/2023 - "Transoperative intravitreal dexamethasone implantation in patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy." 01/01/2022 - "Infographic: Slow-release dexamethasone in proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR)." 01/01/2017 - "Slow-Release Dexamethasone in Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy: A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial."
7.	Retinal Pigments (Pigments, Visual)IBA 01/01/2021 - "Targeting matrix stiffness-induced activation of retinal pigment epithelial cells through the RhoA/YAP pathway ameliorates proliferative vitreoretinopathy." 01/01/2021 - "The purpose of this study was to investigate whether excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition-induced mechanical matrix stiffness plays a key role in promoting retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell activation and the subsequent development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). " 03/01/2017 - "The aim of this study was to observe the involvement of Notch signaling in the EMT of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and the pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). " 11/01/2014 - "Our study clearly demonstrates that cell line-derived retinal pigment epithelial cells (unlike donor-derived retinal pigment epithelial cells) cultured in the presence of patient-derived vitreous/subretinal fluid, exhibit characteristic features of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. " 09/01/1985 - "Several studies have focused on retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell proliferation as an important event in proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). "
8.	Daunorubicin (Cerubidine)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1999 - "Our previous experiments showed a limited effect of treatment with daunomycin when given at the inflammatory phase of the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) induced by macrophages in rabbits. " 10/01/1998 - "Adjunctive daunorubicin in the treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy: results of a multicenter clinical trial. " 01/01/1998 - "Adjuvant intravitreal daunomycin is frequently used for the management of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). " 01/01/1998 - "Intravitreal daunomycin induces multidrug resistance in proliferative vitreoretinopathy." 08/01/1997 - "[Proliferative vitreoretinopathy treated with daunorubicin]."
9.	perfluorooctaneIBA 06/01/2017 - "The purpose of the study was to evaluate the anatomical and functional results in patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) treated with retinectomy and perfluoro-octane gas (C3F8) as a tamponade agent. " 07/01/2013 - "Perfluoro-n-octane is efficacious and safe as a short-term vitreous substitute for repair of a recurrent RRD with advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy requiring an inferior retinectomy." 01/01/2011 - "The aim of the study was to evaluate the ocular tolerance and efficacy of double filling with perfluoro-n-octane (n-C8F18) (PFO) and polydimethyloxane (PDMS) as a temporary vitreous substitute in patients with retinal detachment complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). " 01/01/2015 - "To evaluate outcomes in patients with complex retinal detachments (RD) with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) requiring retinectomy using a staged approach utilizing perfluoro-n-octane (PFO) as a short-term postoperative intraocular tamponade. " 09/01/2003 - "Outcomes of surgery for retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy using perfluoro-n-octane: a multicenter study."
10.	densironIBA 11/01/2013 - "[Heavy silicone oil (Densiron® 68) in proliferative vitreoretinopathy: 4 years of experience]." 06/01/2010 - "Suitable indications for heavy silicone oil are, for example proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and risk of PVR in the lower retina. " 04/01/2008 - "Densiron was well tolerated with few side-effects and appears to be a useful agent in patients with inferior proliferative vitreoretinopathy." 03/01/2006 - "As proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) has a propensity for the inferior retina, we used Densiron on a consecutive series of 97 cases with inferior pathology. " 07/01/2015 - "A 60-year-old man experienced a marked unilateral myopic shift of 20 diopters following attempted removal of intravitreal heavy silicone oil used in the treatment of inferior proliferative vitreoretinopathy following retinal detachment. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Vitrectomy 10/01/1993 - "The remaining eye, having developed low-grade proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR C1), was treated successfully with vitrectomy. " 09/01/1999 - "We believe that the improved success rate is a function of vitrectomy contributing to both an improved peripheral visibility, resulting in fewer missed peripheral breaks, and a lower likelihood of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. " 05/03/2023 - "The purpose of this study was to validate our previous findings on pVCR prevalence during vitrectomy for RRD and to examine their association with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and surgical failure. " 01/01/2022 - "Proper timing of vitrectomy is suggested, and in this study patients may benefit more with early vitrectomy as less proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) was found together with a better visual acuity." 02/01/2007 - "Since the number of patients in this study was small, a prospective randomised controlled study comparing early versus late vitrectomy is needed to see whether early surgery also prevents proliferative vitreoretinopathy formation."
2.	Intravitreal Injections 07/01/1988 - "The intravitreal injection of autologous cultured fibroblasts has been used by many groups to study proliferative vitreoretinopathy. " 01/01/2020 - "A Mouse Model of Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy Induced by Intravitreal Injection of Gas and RPE Cells." 05/01/2015 - "A model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy induced by simultaneous intravitreal injection of recombinant IL-1β and platelet concentrate is created and its main morphological manifestations are studied on Chinchilla rabbits. " 04/25/2002 - "[Intravitreal injection of doxorobicin and dexamethason in treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy]." 02/01/1990 - "Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) was induced in rabbits by intravitreal injection of homologous fibroblasts. "
3.	Therapeutics 07/24/2012 - "To develop a large animal model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in the swine to eventually study disease pathophysiology, as well as novel therapies. " 06/01/2023 - "Non-viral gene therapy using RNA interference with PDGFR-α mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transformation for proliferative vitreoretinopathy." 01/01/2023 - "Pharmacological Therapy of Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy: Systematic In Vitro Comparison of 36 Pharmacological Agents." 01/01/2016 - "A PubMed search was undertaken using the term "proliferative vitreoretinopathy therapy". " 08/01/2013 - "[Recent advance in pharmacological therapies for proliferative vitreoretinopathy]."
4.	Scleral Buckling 11/01/2021 - "Proliferative vitreoretinopathy-related surgical failure after primary scleral buckling was 5%. " 10/01/2012 - "This was a prospective clinical cohort study of 33 patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR: PVR<C3) and 33 without PVR, all of whom were candidates for scleral buckling (SB) surgery. " 03/01/2010 - "To describe the functional and anatomic results of retinectomy without scleral buckling for anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy in eyes that did not undergo previous buckling surgery. " 01/01/2010 - "Prospective clinical cohort study on 66 healthy patients [33 with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and 33 with no PVR] with unilateral RD candidates for scleral buckling (SB) surgery. " 11/01/2009 - "Patients undergoing scleral buckling only are at an increased risk of developing proliferative vitreoretinopathy and requiring additional procedures."
5.	Vitreoretinal Surgery 01/01/2021 - "Exclusion criteria were patients who underwent previous vitreoretinal surgery, proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) more than grade B, giant tears, and encircling band associated with PPV. " 01/01/2021 - "Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is one of the most important complications following vitreoretinal surgery. " 09/01/2016 - "Development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is one of the most important complications of vitreoretinal surgery. " 02/01/2016 - "The majority (68 %) of patients had a history of previous vitreoretinal surgery prior to oil instillation and 66.7 % had pre-existing proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). " 11/01/2011 - "Postoperative proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) developed in 12 (50%) of the 24 eyes that underwent vitreoretinal surgery, and four of these eyes became phthisical. "