Gastroparesis

Chronic delayed gastric emptying. Gastroparesis may be caused by motor dysfunction or paralysis of STOMACH muscles or may be associated with other systemic diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS.

Also Known As:

Gastric Stases; Gastropareses; Stases, Gastric; Stasis, Gastric; Gastric Stasis

Networked: 1879 relevant articles (239 outcomes, 312 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Vomiting
2.	Nausea
3.	Dyspepsia (Indigestion)
4.	Constipation
5.	Neoplasms (Cancer)

Experts

1.	Parkman, Henry P: 86 articles (06/2022 - 01/2002)
2.	Abell, Thomas L: 48 articles (12/2022 - 01/2002)
3.	McCallum, Richard W: 48 articles (01/2022 - 10/2003)
4.	Sarosiek, Irene: 39 articles (01/2022 - 05/2002)
5.	Camilleri, Michael: 37 articles (11/2022 - 05/2006)
6.	Hasler, William L: 37 articles (01/2022 - 07/2002)
7.	Pasricha, Pankaj J: 31 articles (01/2022 - 02/2002)
8.	Farrugia, Gianrico: 30 articles (01/2022 - 12/2008)
9.	Koch, Kenneth L: 27 articles (01/2022 - 08/2003)
10.	Kuo, Braden: 22 articles (01/2022 - 06/2008)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Gastroparesis:

1.	Metoclopramide (Reglan)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/1983 - "Metoclopramide is an effective agent for improving the upper gastrointestinal motor function in diabetic patients with gastroparesis." 10/01/2009 - "In addition, prokinetic drugs, such as metoclopramide, are used in the first-line treatment of gastroparesis to improve the contractility of the gut muscles, as well as the movement of contents through the gastrointestinal system and regulate drug metabolism and absorption." 01/01/2003 - "To review the safety and efficacy of chronic metoclopramide for diabetic gastroparesis. " 12/01/1983 - "All diabetic patients with gastroparesis had prolonged gastric emptying time, and all responded favorably to metoclopramide. " 01/01/1980 - "Both intravenous and oral metoclopramide produced symptomatic improvement in two patients with gastric stasis and restored their gastric emptying to normal."
2.	Cisapride (Propulsid)FDA Link 01/01/1989 - "Diabetic gastroparesis In a four week study, cisapride has been shown to be effective in improving symptoms and solid phase gastric emptying. " 04/10/1995 - "The gastrointestinal prokinetic drug, cisapride, is widely used for the treatment of diabetic gastroparesis and disorders of gastrointestinal motility. " 01/01/1994 - "However, the efficacy of cisapride in end-stage gastroparesis remains less clear. " 02/01/1993 - "There is little information about the effects of cisapride on human antropyloroduodenal motility, despite its documented efficacy for increasing the rate of gastric emptying in patients with gastroparesis. " 07/01/1991 - "It appeared that improvement of gastric emptying after loading with cisapride might be related to improved insulin secretion in diabetic patients without subjective symptoms of gastroparesis."
3.	goblet cell silencer inhibitorIBA 09/01/2021 - "On the other hand, most open-labeled studies showed improved quality of life and Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index (GCSI) scores, while randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses did not reflect the same result. " 11/01/2019 - "All patients had significant improvement in the GCSI 4 weeks after GPOEM, with resolution of gastroparesis symptoms. " 07/01/2018 - "Pistacia atlantica gum significantly reduced severity of gastroparesis symptoms including Postprandial fullness/early satiety (p=0.04), Bloating (p<0.0001), and GCSI scores (p=0.001) versus placebo. " 08/01/2017 - "GPOEM results in improvement in the overall symptoms of gastroparesis measured by GCSI, objective assessment of improvement in gastric emptying, and improvement in multiple domains on validated quality-of-life inventories in SF36 over a follow-up period of 6 months." 12/01/2015 - "Characteristics associated with reduced symptoms, based on a decrease of 1 or more in the gastroparesis cardinal symptom index (GCSI) score after 48 weeks of care, were determined from logistic regression models. "
4.	Erythromycin (Erycette)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/2003 - "Although clearly a potent prokinetic, limited data exist concerning efficacy of erythromycin in treating gastroparesis. " 10/01/1994 - "Gastric emptying was accelerated by erythromycin via an antroduodenal coordination mechanism, an effect that has proved to be beneficial in surgical and medical conditions in which gastroparesis is a problem. " 03/01/1999 - "Prolonged administration of intravenous erythromycin in an ambulatory setting is feasible, well tolerated, and effective in patients with severe gastroparesis." 09/01/1995 - "We conclude that erythromycin is an effective prokinetic agent for diabetic gastroparesis, and that improved oesophageal transit and gastric emptying may improve glycaemic control." 02/01/2003 - "The aim of this study was to review clinical trials of erythromycin to determine the efficacy of this agent in producing symptom relief in patients with gastroparesis. "
5.	Domperidone (Domperidon)IBA 05/01/1998 - "The results of this study suggest that domperidone 20 mg QID provides significant improvement in the upper gastrointestinal symptoms of diabetic gastroparesis and is well tolerated in patients with this condition." 12/01/2016 - "Thus, domperidone treatment is beneficial for many patients with symptoms of gastroparesis. " 07/01/2008 - "Overall, our assessment is that there is level 3 evidence for the efficacy of domperidone in diabetic gastroparesis, leading to a grade C recommendation for its use in this condition. " 07/01/2008 - "Our objective was to systematically analyze studies of the efficacy of domperidone in diabetic gastroparesis, with a focus on their methodologic and scientific merit. " 07/01/2008 - "A systematic review of the efficacy of domperidone for the treatment of diabetic gastroparesis."
6.	Botulinum Toxins (Botulinum Toxin)IBA 02/01/2008 - "The first published controlled trial of intrapyloric botulinum toxin for gastroparesis failed to demonstrate a significant effect of treatment on symptoms, despite an improvement in gastric emptying. " 08/15/2006 - "Botulinum toxin improves solid but not liquid gastric emptying in gastroparesis, and this is accompanied by significant improvement of several meal-related symptoms." 02/01/2015 - "Gastrointestinal: botulinum toxin effective in refractory gastroparesis in paediatric practice." 07/15/2008 - "Intrapyloric injection of botulinum toxin is effective in improving the complex symptoms and clinical syndrome associated with diabetic gastroparesis resistant to conventional treatment. " 01/01/2021 - "The objective of this study was to assess the tolerance and efficacy of endoscopic intrapyloric botulinum toxin injection compared with pyloric dilatation in children with gastroparesis. "
7.	GhrelinIBA 03/01/2016 - "Adding ghrelin to Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index further improved prediction in both unadjusted (odds ratio 1.26 (1.02-1.56), P = 0.03) and adjusted (odds ratio 1.53 (1.00-2.35), P = 0.05) analyses. " 11/01/2013 - "This viewpoint assesses the potential role of ghrelin agonists in the treatment of gastroparesis through a review of the early phase, randomized, controlled trials of ghrelin agonists in patients with diabetes and, either, delayed gastric emptying at the time of the trial or symptoms at the time of the trial, and prior documentation of delayed gastric emptying of solids. " 06/01/2010 - "Ghrelin is produced by enteroendocrine cells in the gastric mucosa and stimulates gastric emptying in healthy volunteers and patients with gastroparesis in short-term studies. " 08/01/2006 - "In this study we aimed [1] to investigate the presence of vagal nerve dysfunction in patients with idiopathic and diabetic gastroparesis and [2] to determine if alterations in ghrelin concentrations occur in gastroparesis. " 01/01/2020 - "Ghrelin agonists are emerging prokinetic agents for treating gastroparesis. "
8.	Type A Botulinum Toxins (Botox)FDA Link 11/01/2007 - "Significant improvement in emptying and Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index was seen after initial injection of saline or botox. " 01/01/2006 - "Intrapyloric injection of botulinum toxin A (BoTx) successfully improved symptoms in idiopathic and diabetic gastroparesis (DGP) refractory to medical treatment. " 11/01/2007 - "Botulinum toxin type A may be effective in the management of refractory gastroparesis; however, large, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials are needed to confirm this." 09/01/2022 - "Intrapyloric botulinum toxin A injection is safe in children and can offer transient relief for patients with refractory upper gastrointestinal symptoms with and without gastroparesis." 09/01/2022 - "We aimed to assess the efficacy of intrapyloric botulinum toxin A injection (IPBTI) in children with and without gastroparesis and to perform a meta-analysis and review of the literature. "
9.	Glucose (Dextrose)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/2007 - "An understanding of gastric motility in T2DM is important to diagnose gastroparesis, to treat upper gastrointestinal symptoms, and to restore normal gastric motility, which may lead, in turn, to improved glucose control." 05/01/2004 - "In diabetic patients with refractory gastroparesis, high-frequency GES by a permanently implanted system significantly improved upper GI symptoms, HQOL, nutritional status, glucose control, and hospitalizations with an acceptably low complication rate." 12/01/2019 - "We evaluated the efficacy of 670 G HCL on changes in HbA1c and continuous glucose monitor (CGM)-based glucose metrics at 3 and 6 months between five adults with T1D with gastroparesis and nine age-, sex-, and diabetes duration-matched T1D without gastroparesis. " 07/01/2014 - "This study evaluated the plasma glucose response after a test meal, and gastrointestinal (GI) symptom severity in patients with clinical suspicion of diabetic gastroparesis, and assessed its usefulness to predict gastroparesis. " 03/01/2011 - "The primary aim of this study was to compare measurements of GE of a high-nutrient glucose drink by 3D ultrasonography and scintigraphy in diabetic gastroparesis. "
10.	prucaloprideIBA 01/01/2019 - "In a cohort of patients with predominantly idiopathic gastroparesis, 4 weeks of prucalopride treatment significantly improved symptoms and quality of life and enhanced gastric emptying compared with placebo." 04/05/2021 - "In two four-week trials, prucalopride showed improvement in gastric emptying and the gastroparesis cardinal symptom index over placebo, with a 1-4 mg/day dosage. " 04/01/2022 - "He received prucalopride for two periods (for 178 and 376 days) at doses: 0.03 - 0.04 mg/ kg/day, presenting improvement in the follow-up with the cardinal gastroparesis symptom index and gastric emptying scintigraphy. " 01/01/2019 - "In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study, we evaluated the efficacy of prucalopride to improve the gastric emptying rate and symptoms in patients with gastroparesis. " 01/01/2021 - "Prucalopride at 4 mg accelerates gastric emptying and bowel movement frequency but does not appear to ameliorate gastroparesis or meal-related symptoms in this study."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 07/01/2015 - "Pyloroplasty is a highly effective therapy for refractory gastroparesis, offering significant reduction in symptom severity, improvement in quality of life, and acceleration of gastric emptying. " 12/01/2009 - "The prospectively documented gastroparesis-symptom-score improved dramatically under this combination therapy, while time of gastric emptying of 50 % (specified by scintigraphy) was showing solely a low decrease. " 07/01/2006 - "The causes of gastroparesis syndrome after nongastrectomy abdominal operation are multifactorial, most of such patients can be cured by non-operative therapy." 05/01/2011 - "The management of diabetic gastroparesis resistant to medical therapy is very difficult Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) is a relatively new therapeutic modality which has shown some promise in international trials. " 01/01/2015 - "We describe two cases of gastroparesis which were treated by methods which were not part of routine conventional therapy, but which, nevertheless, led to significant clinical improvement. "
2.	Pyloromyotomy 01/01/2022 - "Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index score significantly improved after per-oral endoscopic pyloromyotomy (median, 23-3.5; P < .0001). " 01/01/2020 - "CONCLUSION : Among patients with refractory gastroparesis, clinical response was better and lasted longer with G-POEM than with GES. The positive outcomes with G-POEM are likely to derive from the superior clinical response in patients with idiopathic gastroparesis. " 01/01/2019 - "Medication is still the mainstay of treatment of gastroparesis; however, the development of gastric electric stimulation and gastric peroral endoscopic pyloromyotomy brings more options for the treatment of diabetic and nondiabetic gastroparesis." 01/01/2023 - "As such, a new therapeutic strategy targeting the pylorus, namely endoscopic pyloromyotomy (G-POEM), has received increasing attention and emerged as a promising treatment for gastroparesis. " 01/01/2022 - "Endoscopic pyloromyotomy is feasible and effective in improving post-lung transplant gastroparesis."
3.	Myotomy 08/01/2023 - "In addition, endoscopic myotomy for gastroparesis has shown very promising results. " 11/01/2019 - "Gastric peroral endoscopic myotomy (GPOEM) is a promising treatment for refractory gastroparesis. " 08/01/2019 - "Our systematic review demonstrates that gastric peroral endoscopic myotomy is a safe and effective treatment for gastroparesis. " 10/01/2023 - "Gastric Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy as a Therapeutic Option in Refractory Gastroparesis: A Step-By-Step Description." 10/01/2023 - "Gastric peroral endoscopic myotomy for management of refractory gastroparesis in patients with gastric neurostimulator devices: a multicenter retrospective case control study."
4.	Gastrectomy 01/01/2013 - "Laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy should also be considered as one of the primary surgical treatments for gastroparesis given the significantly higher rate of symptomatic improvement with acceptable morbidity and comparable mortality. " 11/01/1999 - "Is gastroparesis in diabetes cured by gastrectomy?" 06/01/1999 - "Gastroparesis cured by gastrectomy." 05/01/2023 - "Although various prokinetics are described for gastric motility disorders, the studies among post-gastrectomy patients with gastroparesis are limited. " 06/19/2013 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the differences and influencing factors for postsurgical gastroparesis syndrome incidence after laparoscopic and open radical gastrectomy. "
5.	Glycemic Control 01/01/2021 - "Current management for diabetic gastroparesis focuses on dietary and lifestyle changes as well as improved glycemic control. " 01/01/2018 - "Participants diagnosed with gastroparesis had improved glycemic control (p=0.04) and less GI symptoms (p=0.001), after a follow-up time of 3.2years (mean). " 08/01/2007 - "In patients with diabetic gastroparesis, careful regulation of glycemic control may help to reduce symptoms. " 01/01/2018 - "This study supports the safety, feasibility, and potential benefits of improving glycemic control in diabetic gastroparesis." 03/01/2023 - "The prevalence and severity of gastroparesis symptoms were particularly high among obese females with poor glycemic control and longer disease duration."