Initiator Codon (Start Codon)

A codon that directs initiation of protein translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) by stimulating the binding of initiator tRNA (RNA, TRANSFER, MET). In prokaryotes, the codons AUG or GUG can act as initiators while in eukaryotes, AUG is the only initiator codon.

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Networked: 554 relevant articles (4 outcomes, 24 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Powell, Michael L: 5 articles (01/2011 - 08/2008)
2.	Brown, T David K: 4 articles (01/2011 - 08/2008)
3.	Brierley, Ian: 4 articles (01/2011 - 08/2008)
4.	Jackson, Richard J: 3 articles (01/2011 - 11/2008)
5.	Matsuda, M: 3 articles (01/2010 - 01/2008)
6.	Tazumi, A: 3 articles (01/2010 - 01/2008)
7.	Millar, B C: 3 articles (01/2010 - 01/2008)
8.	Moore, J E: 3 articles (01/2010 - 01/2008)
9.	Stein, C A: 3 articles (08/2006 - 12/2005)
10.	Benimetskaya, Luba: 3 articles (08/2006 - 12/2005)

Related Diseases

1.	Contagious Ecthyma (Orf) 01/30/2002 - "In each case, the entire ORF, with the exception of the first nucleotide of the start codon, was eliminated and replaced by the kanMX4 cassette. " 05/08/2015 - "We found that translocation was comparatively slow early in the ORF and faster further downstream of the initiation codon. " 03/01/2015 - "These bases act as an initiation.codon facilitating the translation of ORF 2. The second functional gene expression domain of the BQCV-JL1 strain is located between nt positions 5642 and 8203. " 02/01/2015 - "A case of acquisition of a completely new protein through introduction of a start codon in an alternative reading frame is the protein encoded by open reading frame (orf) 9b of SARS coronavirus. " 03/01/2013 - "The simultaneous disruption of the uORF initiation codons increased the translation of the downstream ORF. "
2.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 05/01/2013 - "Our study indicated that hypermethylation of the specific locus near the MGMT start codon is critical for cancer progression. " 02/07/1996 - "Murine FPGS contains two AUG initiation codons, shown to be responsible for mitochondrial and cytosolic forms of the enzyme in human cells [2] Previous studies indicated species, tissue, and tumor specific differences in mammalian FPGS. " 06/30/2015 - "TERT promoter mutations were observed in 86% of the tumors and of these, C228T (-124 bp upstream start codon) was detected in 75% and C250T (-146 bp) in 25% of cases. " 05/01/2015 - "It was demonstrated that (i) unlike other Klks, (CANFA)Klk12 probably possesses a non-AUG translation initiation codon, (ii) all three Klks undergo alternative splicing, with exon 2 and 3 concurrent elimination serving as the most prominent event, (iii) all transcripts identified were detected in both tumor and normal tissues, yet with different frequencies. " 12/01/2014 - "The RB1 promoter was methylated in all tumor specimens at CpG islands located close to the ATG start codon, albeit at low levels. "
3.	Breast Neoplasms (Breast Cancer) 02/07/2001 - "With primer extension experiments, we demonstrate two major transcription start sites in gastrointestinal and breast cancer cells, located 43 and 36 bp downstream of a TTTAAA motif which is identified 407 to 402 bp upstream of the ATG start codon. " 01/01/2000 - "The start codon polymorphism, FokI, was not associated with breast cancer risk. " 06/01/2013 - "In the study, phosphorothioate DRz that targets to the translation initiation codon AUG was synthesized and transfected into breast cancer cells and leukemia cells with MDR phenotype. " 12/10/1999 - "In our study, 2 restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) in the 3' region (detected by Apa1 and Taq1) and an initiation codon variant in the 5' end of the VDR gene (detected by Fok1) were tested for association with breast cancer risk in 135 females with sporadic breast cancer and 110 cancer-free female controls. " 12/01/2007 - "Analysis of germline p53 mutations in breast cancer reveals that the Li-Fraumeni and Li-Fraumeni-like syndromes are mostly related to the loss of initiation codon 133 of regulatory TP53 isoforms (Delta133p53). "
4.	B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia) 05/01/2012 - "In this study, we focused on the inhibition of Notch2 function in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) by AS-ODN (phosphorothioate oligomers) targeted to the initiation codon region of the Notch2 mRNA. " 12/01/2005 - "However, phase III trials incorporating G3139, a phosphorothioate oligomer targeted to the initiation codon region of the bcl-2 mRNA, have recently been completed in advanced melanoma, myeloma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). "
5.	Rickets (Rachitis) 07/01/2003 - "The present study aimed to explore the hereditary susceptibility of children to develop rickets through studying the association between VDR gene start codon polymorphism and vitamin D deficiency rickets, The subjects were selected from Kunming city, every subject was of Han ethnic group. " 07/01/2003 - "There is an association between VDR gene start codon polymorphism and vitamin D deficiency rickets. " 01/01/2007 - "The present study aimed to explore the hereditary susceptibility of children to development of delayed rickets through studying the association of the vitamin D receptor gene start codon (VDRSC) polymorphism with delayed rickets. " 01/01/2007 - "[Association of the vitamin D receptor gene start codon polymorphism with delayed rickets]." 07/01/2003 - "[Association of the vitamin D receptor gene start codon polymorphism with vitamin D deficiency rickets]."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)
2.	Messenger RNA (mRNA)
3.	Codon (Codons)
4.	acceleratory factor from growth hormone (AcG)
5.	Glycoproteins (Glycoprotein)
6.	Nucleotides
7.	Calcitriol Receptors (Calcitriol Receptor)
8.	Methionine (L-Methionine)
9.	Oligodeoxyribonucleotides
10.	Estrogens (Estrogen)