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Residual Neoplasm

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Remnant of a tumor or cancer after primary, potentially curative therapy. (Dr. Daniel Masys, written communication)

Also Known As:

Neoplasm, Residual; Minimal Disease, Residual; Residual Disease, Minimal; Cancer, Residual; Cancers, Residual; Disease, Minimal Residual; Disease, Residual Minimal; Diseases, Minimal Residual; Diseases, Residual Minimal; Minimal Diseases, Residual; Minimal Residual Diseases; Neoplasms, Residual; Residual Cancers; Residual Diseases, Minimal; Residual Minimal Disease; Residual Minimal Diseases; Residual Neoplasms; Residual Tumors; Tumor, Residual; Tumors, Residual; Minimal Residual Disease; Residual Cancer; Residual Tumor

Networked: 4605 relevant articles (465 outcomes, 378 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
2.	Leukemia
3.	Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma (Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia)
4.	Acute Myeloid Leukemia (Acute Myelogenous Leukemia)
5.	Breast Neoplasms (Breast Cancer)

Experts

1.	Schrappe, Martin: 20 articles (04/2015 - 12/2002)
2.	Campana, Dario: 19 articles (04/2015 - 08/2006)
3.	Pui, Ching-Hon: 16 articles (04/2015 - 01/2004)
4.	Coustan-Smith, Elaine: 12 articles (04/2015 - 08/2006)
5.	Borowitz, Michael J: 11 articles (07/2015 - 01/2009)
6.	Ribeiro, Raul C: 11 articles (04/2015 - 01/2004)
7.	Kusunoki, Masato: 11 articles (10/2014 - 03/2008)
8.	Pei, Deqing: 10 articles (04/2015 - 08/2006)
9.	Cheng, Cheng: 10 articles (04/2015 - 08/2006)
10.	Sehouli, Jalid: 10 articles (01/2015 - 12/2006)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Residual Neoplasm:

1.	imatinib (Gleevec)FDA Link 07/01/2014 - "Molecular remission is sustained in around 30% of imatinib-treated patients who stop treatment after ≥2 years with undetectable minimal residual disease (UMRD) by conventional real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. " 12/01/2002 - "Incorporation of imatinib in the first-line treatment of de novo Ph(+) ALL and in the setting of minimal residual disease is a promising therapeutic approach which is currently being studied in clinical trials. " 07/25/2013 - "Safety and efficacy of imatinib cessation for CML patients with stable undetectable minimal residual disease: results from the TWISTER study." 10/01/2003 - "Five patients were in hematologic remission (CR) with minimal residual disease (MRD+), one patient was refractory to imatinib. " 01/01/2006 - "Future studies with these agents will focus on further optimizing imatinib response, reduction of minimal residual disease, and prevention of resistance. "
2.	Messenger RNA (mRNA)IBA 07/15/2015 - "In AAML0531, in which we quantified MMRN1 mRNA for validation, patients with relative MMRN1 expression ≥0.5 (n = 160) less likely achieved remission (67% vs. 77%, P = 0.006), and more frequently had minimal residual disease (43% vs. 24%, P = 0.001) after one induction course. " 09/05/2005 - "We propose that real-time RT-PCR of onfFN mRNA is superior to other markers in monitoring minimal residual disease in DTC with regard to both assay sensitivity and specificity." 11/01/2008 - "Quantification of FLT3 mRNA expression level and detection of FLT3/ITD in AML patients may serve as an index for evaluating therapeutic efficacy, predicting prognosis, and monitoring minimal residual disease." 06/01/1997 - "The majority of patients with CML who enter remission have no detectable minimal residual disease when analysed for BCR-ABL mRNA transcripts by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. " 09/01/2004 - "These results suggest that finding DDC mRNA in NB patients could be a potential marker for minimal residual disease study."
3.	rituximab (Mabthera)FDA Link 01/01/2008 - "This Phase II study was based on a consolidation/maintenance therapy with rituximab for patients in complete remission (CR) or partial remission (PR) who were positive for minimal residual disease (MRD), as determined by flow cytometry. " 10/01/2014 - "Fifty-nine patients either in complete remission (CR) minimal residual disease positive (MRD+) after induction (n = 39) or in partial remission (PR, n = 20) underwent consolidation/maintenance therapy with rituximab. " 12/01/2004 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of Rituximab in eradicating minimal residual disease (MRD) in HCL patients after a pre-treatment with 2-chloro-deoxy-adenosine (2-CdA). " 01/01/2015 - "Meanwhile, more CLL patients achieved minimal residual disease (MRD) negative after rituximab-based treatment (46.5% vs. 10.3%, P < 0.001). " 01/01/2013 - "Multivariate analysis showed dose of rituximab had a significant impact on minimal residual disease and progression-free survival. "
4.	Cisplatin (Platino)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1988 - "This study was undertaken to determine toxicity and patient tolerance to concomitant high-dose cisplatin (40 mg/m2 per day X 5) and radiation (60 Gy in 6 wk +/- 10-Gy boost to residual tumor). " 09/01/2015 - "We additionally report that CXCR4 inhibition successfully prevents the increase of cisplatin-resistant CD133(+)/CXCR4(+) cells in residual tumors and their metastatization. " 04/01/2013 - "Moreover, an increase in FZD8 expression was observed in residual tumors treated with cisplatin and TRAIL. " 09/01/2012 - "Cisplatin-based combination therapy followed by surgical resection of the residual tumor is the cornerstone for GCTs treatment. " 04/01/2009 - "Intraoperative HIPEC (cisplatin 75 mg/m(2), 41.5 degrees C, 90 min) was performed in 30 patients with residual tumor of <1 cm after cytoreductive surgery between January 2007 and February 2008. "
5.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)IBA 04/01/2007 - "DRAQ5: improved flow cytometric DNA content analysis and minimal residual disease detection in childhood malignancies." 04/01/2007 - "Since at least 25 DNA-hyperdiploid cells per 10(4) DNA-diploid mononuclear cells could be detected, multiparameter DRAQ5 DNA content analysis could be used to study minimal residual disease." 03/01/2015 - "DNA qPCR may be useful and practical for monitoring the increasing number of patients with minimal residual disease around or below the limit of detection of RT-qPCR as the assay itself is simple and the up-front costs will be amortized if sequential assays are performed." 03/01/2015 - "For minimal residual disease detectable by DNA qPCR and RT-qPCR, DNA qPCR gave similar minimal residual disease results as RT-qPCR but had better precision at low minimal residual disease levels. " 11/01/2014 - "Mutations in DNMT3A, the gene encoding DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha, have been identified as molecular drivers in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) with possible implications for minimal residual disease monitoring and prognosis. "
6.	Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1983 - "To study this, mice with small, medium, or large residual tumor loads were subjected to surgery and subsequently treated with cyclophosphamide. " 01/01/1999 - "This technique, however, may be useful for full-scale clinical purging of minimal residual disease following debulking with a cyclophosphamide or other agents." 01/01/1982 - "Immediately before BM Txp, high dose cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation were administered in an attempt to eradicate the residual tumor. " 02/01/1979 - "In patients with minimal residual disease the therapeutic index of the combination regimen was superior to that of cyclophosphamide alone. " 01/01/1990 - "Animals with minimal residual disease were prepared with marrow-ablative but leukaemia-noncurative doses of cyclophosphamide (CY) and total body irradiation followed by bone marrow transplantation. "
7.	AntigensIBA 11/12/2000 - "At present, while the prognostic value of individual antigen expressions is still controversial, the immunologic detection of minimal residual disease seems to be important in monitoring the acute leukaemia patients in remission. " 03/01/2006 - "The ability of acute myeloid leukemic (AML) blasts to differentiate into leukemic dendritic cells (DC) thus acquiring the potential to present known and unknown leukemic antigens efficiently, holds promise as a possible new treatment for AML patients with minimal residual disease. " 10/01/2008 - "The results of the present study support the requirement to monitor at least two different leukaemia specific antigen combinations for detection of MRD to prevent a false-negative result and to increase the effectiveness of monitoring minimal residual disease." 01/01/2007 - "The present study tested the hypothesis that unresponsiveness to antigens present on minimal residual disease present at the time of HSCT would also occur. " 01/01/2007 - "However, our prior studies have not critically addressed the question of whether a similar process of acquisition of unresponsiveness to or tolerance of antigens present on minimal residual disease also occurs. "
8.	Biological Markers (Surrogate Marker)IBA 03/01/2005 - "The use of minimal residual disease (MRD) measurement as a surrogate marker of molecular response to treatment can potentially improve the evaluation of treatment response and enable estimates of the residual leukemic cell burden during clinical remission, thereby improving the selection of therapeutic strategies and, possibly, long-term clinical outcome. " 09/01/2003 - "The use of minimal residual disease (MRD) measurement as a "surrogate" marker of molecular response to treatment, can potentially improve the evaluation of treatment response and enable estimates of the residual leukemic cell burden during clinical remission, thereby improving the selection of therapeutic strategies and, possibly, long-term clinical outcome. " 09/01/2002 - "The evidence for using molecular remission as a surrogate marker of clinical response in this setting is reviewed and the significance of minimal residual disease in determining prognosis and planning treatment strategies is addressed." 04/01/2007 - "Future studies are warranted to elucidate the role of serum FLC as biomarkers of disease, for monitoring of minimal residual disease, and as a prognostic factor for response and survival." 08/01/2006 - "Future studies will clarify the prognostic relevance of desmoplasia, postoperative residual tumor and biological markers to improve stratification criteria by risk-adapted treatment recommendations. "
9.	retinoic acid receptor alphaIBA 01/01/1995 - "Disappearance of the PML/RAR alpha rearrangement after ATRA suggests that ATRA is effective against minimal residual disease." 11/01/2008 - "RQ-PCR, sensitive and reliable, can be used for monitoring the minimal residual disease in APL patients, however, its results should be interpreted carefully if it is used for detection of PML-RAR alpha fusion transcripts prospectively." 04/01/2003 - "These results indicate that qrtPCR monitoring of PML-RAR alpha NQ can identify patients at high risk of relapse and suggest that clinically practical PB NQ monitoring at more frequent FUP intervals may improve predictive accuracy for relapse or continuing CR in patients with persistent, fluctuating minimal residual disease levels." 05/01/2002 - "These results emphasize on the relevance of the correct identification of atypical PML-RAR(alpha) rearrangements because of the potential implications in leukemogenesis, in the response to treatment, and for the correct monitoring of minimal residual disease." 10/01/2000 - "Monitoring of minimal residual disease (MRD) was performed regularly by RT-PCR assay for PML-RAR alpha during consolidation. "
10.	Immunotoxins (Immunotoxin)IBA 06/01/1982 - "The residual tumor cells were then eliminated by intravenous administration of an anti-delta immunotoxin. " 10/01/1995 - "Ongoing studies are examining the role of targeted toxins in combination with chemoradiotherapy and in minimal residual disease settings." 06/02/1993 - "The ideal setting for testing the efficacy of intracavitary immunotoxin combined with rHuIFN-alpha after front-line chemotherapy is in patients with residual tumor refractory to additional chemotherapy or in those with toxic effects that prevent delivery of effective doses." 04/01/1993 - "Immunotoxin therapy appears to offer promise in treating the minimal residual disease that remains after induction chemotherapy. " 01/01/1990 - "The administration of immunotoxins (a drug or a cell poison chemically linked to a leukemia-related monoclonal antibody) has been associated with promising results in eradicating minimal residual disease in animal model systems. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 09/01/2013 - "Most cooperative groups previously used morphological clearance of blasts in blood and marrow during the initial phases of chemotherapy as a primary factor for risk group allocation; however, this has largely been replaced by the detection of minimal residual disease (MRD). " 03/01/2005 - "Such molecular information on pathogenesis has facilitated accurate diagnosis, the development of pathogenesis-targeted drug therapy, and most recently the application of molecular techniques for monitoring minimal residual disease after successful therapy. " 03/01/2008 - "After a median follow-up of 5 months (range, 0-20), 15% of the patients remain in complete remission after GOP chemotherapy +/- residual tumor resection with a median response duration of 8 months (1 to 17+). " 10/01/2007 - "Following induction chemotherapy for AML, a sensitive determination of minimal residual disease (MRD) in patients achieving complete remission (CR) should enable the detection of early relapse. " 05/01/2006 - "Patients with advanced-stage nonseminoma need residual tumor resection after chemotherapy if no complete remission could be achieved. "
2.	Transplants (Transplant) 03/01/2010 - "The minimal residual disease setting achieved by autologous stem cell transplant or highly efficacious induction therapy may reverse this immunoparesis and provide a setting for induction of antimyeloma T-cell responses. " 10/01/2012 - "Thus, optimization of the pretransplant remission status and post-transplant outcome, eg, by new GVHD prophylaxis regimens or pharmacological maintenance or pre-emptive therapy of minimal residual disease to prevent relapse, is an important goal of current clinical research. " 08/15/2013 - "One hundred fifteen (94%) achieved complete remission (CR) including 101 patients who achieved it with only 1 induction course and had at least 1 minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment; 25 patients underwent an allogeneic stem cell transplant in first CR and were excluded, leaving 76 patients as the subject of this report. " 10/01/2014 - "We consider four myths underlying this recommendation: (1) only individuals achieving second remission benefit from a transplant; (2) there is no effective therapy for relapse other than an allotransplant; (3) we can accurately predict which individuals with AML in first remission need a transplant; and (4) detection of minimal residual disease in first remission will resolve this controversy. " 02/01/1997 - "A substantial improvement in long-term survival, however, will require the development of effective maintenance therapy to control the minimal residual disease present after transplant."
3.	Stem Cell Transplantation 05/01/2009 - "These findings demonstrate that relapsed patients can achieve molecular remission after reduced intensity conditioning and allogeneic stem cell transplantation and suggest a minimal residual disease-driven intervention that might be useful to prevent overt hematologic relapse." 07/01/2013 - "We report on the results of a phase II trial in which patients underwent vaccination following autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) to target minimal residual disease. " 01/01/2011 - "This review describes the current treatment standards for induction, consolidation, and stem cell transplantation; special considerations in the management of older AML patients; novel agents; emerging data on the detection and management of minimal residual disease (MRD); and strategies to improve the design and implementation of AML clinical trials." 01/01/2010 - "Additional strategies that should be considered for younger patients include early referral for stem-cell transplantation and clinical trials of consolidation therapy to eliminate minimal residual disease." 10/01/2003 - "Level of minimal residual disease prior to haematopoietic stem cell transplantation predicts prognosis in paediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a report of the Pre-BMT MRD Study Group."
4.	Bone Marrow Transplantation (Transplantation, Bone Marrow) 05/01/1986 - "Thus allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is a radical but effective treatment for patients with NHL who have 'minimal residual disease'. " 03/01/2008 - "The immune-mediated effect of NK and cytotoxic T cells against residual tumor cells was shown to prevent relapse and reinduce remission after bone marrow transplantation. " 12/01/2005 - "The immune-mediated effect of natural killer and cytotoxic T cells against residual tumor cells were shown to prevent relapse and to induce remission after bone marrow transplantation. " 01/01/2001 - "The immune-mediated effect of natural killer (NK) and cytotoxic T cells against residual tumor cells previously was shown to prevent relapse and reinduce remission after bone marrow transplantation. " 01/01/1990 - "Detection of residual tumor cells, an indicator for efficacy of GVL, was carried out by adoptive transfer of peripheral blood or spleen cells obtained from treated chimeras into secondary naive BALB/c recipients at different time intervals following bone marrow transplantation. "
5.	Immunotherapy 01/01/2001 - "Experimental and clinical data suggest that immunotherapy may be most effective in a state of minimal residual disease such as that achieved following SCT. " 05/01/2002 - "We conclude that real-time quantitative ASO-PCR can be utilized for quantitative molecular monitoring of minimal residual disease (MRD) in B-CLL patients in complete remission (CR), that new effective treatment approaches such as combined chemo/immunotherapy can render CLL patients PCR negative, and that different MRD levels in PCR-positive patients were observed warranting further investigation into possible correlation with clinical outcome." 01/01/2014 - "Our results suggested that PRAME was a predictor for better outcome, could be a useful target for immunotherapy, and might represent a candidate marker for the monitoring of minimal residual disease." 01/01/2014 - "In this study, we hypothesized that the immunotherapy by peptide vaccine may be effective for the eradication of minimal residual cancer cells after CRT. " 08/15/1991 - "In view of the frequent normalization of the autologous LAK activity at the time of remission, immunotherapy with IL-2/LAK cells should be primarily aimed to patients with minimal residual disease."