Neuroendocrine Tumors (Neuroendocrine Tumor)

Tumors whose cells possess secretory granules and originate from the neuroectoderm, i.e., the cells of the ectoblast or epiblast that program the neuroendocrine system. Common properties across most neuroendocrine tumors include ectopic hormone production (often via APUD CELLS), the presence of tumor-associated antigens, and isozyme composition.

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Networked: 2485 relevant articles (130 outcomes, 284 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
2.	Carcinoid Tumor (Carcinoid)
3.	Neoplasm Metastasis (Metastasis)
4.	Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors (PNET)
5.	Pheochromocytoma

Experts

1.	Yao, James C: 29 articles (12/2015 - 03/2007)
2.	Chen, Herbert: 29 articles (11/2013 - 12/2003)
3.	Kulke, Matthew H: 26 articles (10/2014 - 09/2004)
4.	Krenning, Eric P: 25 articles (02/2016 - 04/2002)
5.	Kwekkeboom, Dik J: 24 articles (02/2016 - 04/2002)
6.	Reubi, Jean Claude: 24 articles (04/2015 - 04/2002)
7.	Oberg, Kjell: 22 articles (01/2014 - 09/2002)
8.	Kunnimalaiyaan, Muthusamy: 22 articles (11/2013 - 12/2003)
9.	Modlin, Irvin M: 20 articles (02/2016 - 02/2006)
10.	de Herder, Wouter W: 20 articles (11/2015 - 01/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Neuroendocrine Tumors:

1.	Somatostatin (Somatotropin Release-Inhibiting Factor)IBA 01/01/1999 - "Long-acting formulation of somatostatin analogues have come into clinical use and significantly improved quality of life for patients with neuroendocrine tumors. " 01/01/2011 - "To evaluate the efficacy of somatostatin analog scintigraphy with indium-111-pentetreotide and its overall impact on management in patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NET). " 03/01/2003 - "Somatostatin and the large use of somatostatin analogs in the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors raise the hope that these drugs could be effective in MTC patients. " 08/01/2013 - "The ability of SSTR to internalize and the development of rabiolabeled somatostatin analogs have improved the diagnosis and treatment of neuroendocrine tumors. " 01/01/2001 - "Treatment with somatostatin analogs has improved quality of life and possibly also survival for patients with neuroendocrine tumors. "
2.	Octreotide (Sandostatin)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2011 - "This study aimed to assess the outcome of high-dose In-111 octreotide treatment and efficacy of long-acting Sandostatin LAR in patients with disseminated neuroendocrine tumors. " 07/01/2011 - "Efficacy of adding high-dose In-111 octreotide therapy during Sandostatin treatment in patients with disseminated neuroendocrine tumors: clinical results of 14 patients." 10/01/2009 - "Long-acting sandostatin (S-LAR; octreotide acetate) is well tolerated and effective for symptom control and possibly disease control in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs). " 12/01/1992 - "This randomized, prospective trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy of postoperative octreotide in reducing pancreatic drainage and complications after resection of neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas. " 12/01/2015 - "Efficacy of octreotide long-acting repeatable in neuroendocrine tumors: RADIANT-2 placebo arm post hoc analysis."
3.	everolimusFDA Link 01/01/2014 - "The mTOR inhibitor everolimus has shown promising results in some but not all neuroendocrine tumors. " 02/01/2014 - "Medical management of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors has recently been improved by new molecules of which the mTOR inhibitor everolimus. " 09/01/2012 - "Everolimus: a new treatment option for advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors." 04/01/2010 - "Recent phase II trial has revealed the efficacy of mTOR inhibitor (RAD001; everolimus) against low-to-intermediate grade neuroendocrine tumors. " 02/01/2014 - "Everolimus has demonstrated efficacy in unresectable and progressive pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, by doubling the median progression free survival (11 versus 4.6 months), with a median time of exposure to everolimus of nine months. "
4.	sunitinib (Sutent)FDA Link 03/06/2011 - "Recently, the low molecular multikinase inhibitor, sunitinib has demonstrated efficacy in pancreas neuroendocrine tumors, which was proven in a phase 3 trial. " 02/10/2011 - "Continuous daily administration of sunitinib at a dose of 37.5 mg improved progression-free survival, overall survival, and the objective response rate as compared with placebo among patients with advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. " 06/01/2013 - "Sunitinib malate as first-line treatment for an advanced, poorly differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor." 01/01/2012 - "Safety and efficacy of sunitinib in patients with unresectable pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors." 10/01/2013 - "Phase II study of sunitinib in Japanese patients with unresectable or metastatic, well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor."
5.	Somatostatin Receptors (Somatostatin Receptor)IBA 02/01/2010 - "Aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, the efficacy and the toxicity of this treatment in neuroendocrine tumors expressing somatostatin receptors relapsed or refractory to conventional therapies. " 11/01/2007 - "A multicentric study was designed to compare somatostatin receptor immunohistochemical expression with in vivo scintigraphic data and verify its usefulness in the clinical management of neuroendocrine tumors. " 09/01/2006 - "The aim of the study was to provide dosimetric data on intrahepatic (111)In-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-D-Phe(1)-octreotide therapy for neuroendocrine tumors with overexpression of somatostatin receptors. " 01/01/2003 - "Many studies describe the sensitivities and specificities of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) in patients with gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GNT). " 05/01/1994 - "In this study 76 patients with immunohistologically proven neuroendocrine tumors were analysed by comparing somatostatin-receptor scintigraphy with conventional imaging techniques. "
6.	Peptide Receptors (Peptide Receptor)IBA 08/01/2011 - "Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is an efficient treatment for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP NETs), with outstanding overall response rates and survival. " 11/01/2012 - "Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with (177)Lu-DOTATATE is an efficient new treatment option in patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), with low risk of toxicity. " 02/01/2015 - "Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is a promising treatment for patients with neuroendocrine tumors, giving rise to improved survival. " 07/01/2014 - "Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is a promising treatment option for patients with metastatic or unresectable pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors. " 11/01/2014 - "Standardization would help define the characteristics of response, including progression-free survival; provide homogeneous phase II and III studies; delineate the position of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy in the therapeutic algorithm for neuroendocrine tumors; and establish the basis for approval by the regulatory authorities. "
7.	temozolomide (Temodar)FDA LinkGeneric 05/15/2007 - "Temozolomide as monotherapy is effective in treatment of advanced malignant neuroendocrine tumors." 05/15/2007 - "A retrospective analysis of the toxicity and efficacy of temozolomide in advanced neuroendocrine tumors. " 08/01/2015 - "Recent prospective and retrospective studies showed the promising activity of a temozolomide-based regimen, although an adequate prospective controlled study defining the role of temozolomide in the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors is lacking. " 01/01/2009 - "Recent studies suggest that temozolomide has activity in neuroendocrine tumors. " 01/01/2009 - "Rates of treatment response and survival were next evaluated in a cohort of 101 consecutive neuroendocrine tumor patients who had received treatment with a temozolomide-based regimen at one of three institutions. "
8.	3-Iodobenzylguanidine (Iobenguane)IBA 01/01/2011 - "post-therapy high-dose I-131 MIBG scintigraphy is superior to I-123 MIBG scintigraphy in lesion detectability even in comparison with I-123 MIBG SPECT/CT images and high-dose I-131 MIBG planar images in patients with malignant neuroendocrine tumors. " 12/01/1995 - "MIBG radiopharmaceutical treatment of neuroendocrine tumor patients must still be considered an experimental but nevertheless promising treatment modality." 07/01/1998 - "Further studies are needed to define mechanisms of intracranial uptake and relation to responses and toxicity after MIBG therapy of neuroendocrine tumors." 05/01/1995 - "This study was done to establish whether metabromobenzylguanidine (MBBG) can target neuroendocrine tumors and to provide intratumor biodistribution and uptake information in comparison to MIBG. " 05/01/1989 - "Since MIBG is principally taken up by neuroendocrine tumors, this finding suggests caution be used when interpreting studies in this age group."
9.	Sirolimus (Rapamycin)FDA Link 12/01/2010 - "Among alternative therapeutic strategies in clinically aggressive neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the lung, promising results have been obtained in experimental clinical trials with mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, though in the absence of a proven mTOR signaling activation status. " 01/01/2011 - "Our results suggest that the antitumor efficacy of rapamycin in neuroendocrine tumors results from a combination of antiproliferative and antiangiogenic effects. " 12/10/2015 - "Neuroendocrine tumors resistant to mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors: A difficult conversion from biology to the clinic." 06/01/2015 - "Preclinical data suggest multiple roles for the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), including mediating resistance to mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors. " 04/01/2015 - "Ileal neuroendocrine tumors show elevated activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex."
10.	lanreotide (Somatuline)FDA Link 08/01/2015 - "Lanreotide depot/autogel in neuroendocrine tumors: subgroup analyses from the CLARINET study." 11/15/2006 - "Lanreotide autogel every 6 weeks compared with Lanreotide microparticles every 3 weeks in patients with well differentiated neuroendocrine tumors: a Phase III Study." 10/16/2014 - "Lanreotide in metastatic enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors." 10/16/2014 - "Lanreotide in metastatic enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors." 10/16/2014 - "Lanreotide in metastatic enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 03/01/2012 - "Several chemotherapy agents and combinations have proven effective in the therapy of advanced enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (EP-NETs). " 01/01/2000 - "The efficacy of chemotherapy in digestive neuroendocrine tumors (NET) depends on primary site and histological differentiation. " 06/01/1998 - "Chemotherapy of neuroendocrine tumors must be improved. " 08/01/2015 - "Cytotoxic chemotherapy for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors." 07/14/2015 - "These chemotherapy regimens had immediate effects for both unresectable neuroendocrine tumor (NET) and NEC cases. "
2.	Liver Transplantation 05/01/2001 - "In patients with symptomatic neuroendocrine tumors unresponsive to conventional therapy, on the other hand, reasonably good disease-free intervals and prolonged survival may justify liver transplantation." 04/01/1997 - "The purpose of this study was to assess the value and timing of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in the treatment of metastatic neuroendocrine tumors (NET). " 08/01/2015 - "In the absence of poor prognostic factors, metastatic neuroendocrine tumor is an acceptable indication for liver transplantation. " 08/01/2015 - "Patient selection for liver transplantation for metastatic neuroendocrine tumors remains a topic of debate. " 08/01/2015 - "Liver transplantation for metastatic neuroendocrine tumors: Outcomes and prognostic variables."
3.	Radiotherapy 05/01/2002 - "High-dose targeted radiotherapy with 7.4 GBq/m(2) (90)Y-DOTATOC is a well-tolerated treatment for neuroendocrine tumors, with remarkable clinical benefit and objective response." 07/01/2015 - "Draft guidelines regarding appropriate use of (131)I-MIBG radiotherapy for neuroendocrine tumors : Guideline Drafting Committee for Radiotherapy with (131)I-MIBG, Committee for Nuclear Oncology and Immunology, The Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine." 02/01/2015 - "[Draft guideline regarding appropriate use of 131I-MIBG radiotherapy for neuroendocrine tumors Drafting Committee for Guideline of Radiotherapy with 131I-MIBG, Committee for Nuclear Oncology and Immunology, The Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine]." 09/01/2013 - "We investigated the role of radiotherapy (RT) for pancreatobiliary neuroendocrine tumors (PB-NETs). " 09/01/2013 - "Role of radiotherapy for pancreatobiliary neuroendocrine tumors."
4.	Transplants (Transplant) 02/01/2015 - "New information has demonstrated that there are few long-term disease-free survivors after a liver transplant for neuroendocrine tumors. " 11/01/1996 - "We describe the cytogenetic study of a neuroendocrine tumor of Merkel cells which appeared in a patient following a heart transplant. " 02/01/2015 - "Liver transplant for neuroendocrine tumor metastatic to the liver: literature review and report of extirpation at 16-year recurrence." 01/01/2012 - "Finally, the experience with orthotopic liver transplant for neuroendocrine tumors is described." 10/01/1990 - "Liver transplant for metastatic neuroendocrine tumor."
5.	Lymph Node Excision (Lymph Node Dissection) 08/01/2015 - "Preoperative biopsy as well as intraoperative frozen section of these lesions failed to distinguish between paraganlioma or neuroendocrine tumor, necessitating a right upper lobectomy and complete mediastinal lymphadenectomy. " 02/01/2014 - "Lymphadenectomy for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: is that the relevant debate?" 07/01/2013 - "We hypothesized that the extent of lymphadenectomy reported in a large administrative database would be associated with overall survival for jejunal and ileal neuroendocrine tumors. " 09/01/2011 - "An intraoperative frozen section examination was interpreted as a neuroendocrine tumor; therefore a left upper lobectomy with lymphadenectomy was performed. " 06/01/2009 - "Follow-up histology revealed an invasive neuroendocrine tumor which lead to a second look operation in which extended resection and lymphadenectomy was performed. "